''Turbo militaris'', common name the military turban, is a species of

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

, marine

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk in the family Turbinidae. This species is also often confused with '' Turbo imperialis''.The Natural History Museum websit

accessed 9 April 2014

Description

The length of the shell varies between 60 mm and 100 mm. The large, solid shell has rounded Whorl (mollusc), whorls. It is variable in its external morphology, due to the presence or absence of spines. There are both smooth (except for growth striae close the lips) and spiny forms (with two rows of open-fronted spines on the

body whorl The body whorl is part of the morphology of the shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk. In gastropods In gastropods, the b ...

). There are also forms with a morphology between these two extremes. They also differ in the presence of the anterior canal, which is almost non-existent in the smooth forms, but prominent in the spiny forms. These two forms can be found together on the same site. The aperture is subcircular and pearly white within. The simple outer lip is rather thin. The color pattern of the shell is formed by spiral bands of brown or green over a fawn background. The columella is smooth with a white callus with green edges. The subcircular operculum is calcareous. Its outer surface is white with a slight amount of green.

Distribution

This marine species occurs off Australia from North Queensland to New South Wales, Australia

References

* Gmelin J.F. 1791. Caroli a Linné. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer Vermes. Vol. 1(Part 6) pp. 3021–3910 * Reeve, L.A. 1848. ''Monograph of the genus Turbo. pls 1–13'' in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 4. * Allan, J.K. 1950. ''Australian Shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land''. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. * Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. ''A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales''. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109 * * Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. ''Tropical Pacific marine shells''. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls * Wilson, B. 1993. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods''. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp. * Alf, A. & Kreipl, K. 2003. ''A Conchological Iconography: The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo''. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 68 pp., 95 colour plates. * Williams, S.T. (2007). ''Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae).'' Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592. * Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2011) ''The family Turbinidae. Subfamily Turbinidae, Genus Turbo''. Errata, corrections and new information on the genera Lunella, Modelia and Turbo (vol. I). In: G.T. Poppe & K. Groh (eds), A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. pp. 69–72, pls 96–103

External links

*
Seashells of New South Wales: ''Turbo (Dinassovica) militaris''

Steven Smith, Margie Möhring, Adam Davey: ''Variation in the external morphology of Turbo militaris'', Reeve, 1848
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7853866 militaris Gastropods of Australia Gastropods described in 1848