''Turbo'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

of large sea snails with

gills A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are ...

and an operculum, marine gastropod molluscs in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Turbinidae Turbinidae, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Trochoidea.Bouchet, P. (2014). Turbinidae Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies ...

, the turban snails.Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2012). Turbo Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=151576 on 2012-09-27 ''Turbo'' is the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal ...

of the family.

Description

The shells of species in this genus are more or less highly conspiral, thick, about 20–200 mm, first whorls bicarinate, last whorl large often with strong spiral sculpture, knobs or spines, base convex, with or without umbilicus. Species in this genus have a round

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An ...

and a solid, dome-shaped

calcareous Calcareous () is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines. In zoology ''Calcareous'' is used as an ad ...

operculum. This circular operculum commences as a multispiral disc, like that of a ''

Trochus ''Trochus'' is a genus of medium-sized to large, top-shaped sea snails with an operculum and a pearly inside to their shells, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Trochinae of the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. ( ...

'', upon the outer side of which is deposited a thin calcareous layer by a lobe of the foot which projects partly over it. This arrangement produces an operculum which exhibits all the whorls beneath, but which is only feebly, or not obviously spiral above, from the more or less general distribution of the calcareous matter. The radula is broad and generally rather short. The median, lateral and marginal teeth are always present, and the formula is invariably ∞.5.1.5.∞. The central teeth contain no cusps. The median tooth consists of a narrow oblong quadrate basal plate, frequently with accessory plates of various forms, to the lower end of which is attached the oval body of the tooth,—a simple plate without cusp, bearing supporting wings at the sides. Frequently the central teeth are asymmetrical in this group. The laterals bear supporting wings at their outer angles, and are various in form, with or without cusps. The inner marginals are very large, with large cusps. The first ''Turbo'' species were found in the Upper

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...

, approximately 100 million years ago.

Taxonomy

According to Alf et al.Alf A., Kreipl K. & Poppe G. T. (2003) The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo. In: Poppe G. T. & Groh K. (eds.): A Conchological Iconography: 68 pp., 95 colour plates, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, . the genus ''Turbo'' is divided in 16 Recent subgenera. The number of presently known living species in ''Turbo'' is 66, plus five subspecies.

Species

Species in the genus ''Turbo'' include: * '' Turbo acutangulus'' Linnaeus, 1758 (taxon inquirendum) * '' Turbo albofasciatus'' Bozzetti, 1994 * '' Turbo angelvaldesi'' Ortea & Espinosa, 1996 * '' Turbo argyrostomus'' Linnaeus, 1758 - Silver-mouth Turban * '' Turbo artensis'' Montrouzier, 1860 * '' Turbo bozzettiana'' Bozzetti, 2011 * '' Turbo bruneus'' (Röding, 1798) - Brown Dwarf Turban * '' Turbo cailletii'' P. Fischer & Bernardi, 1856 - Filose turban * '' Turbo canaliculatus'' Hermann, 1781 - channeled turban * '' Turbo castanea'' Gmelin, 1791 - Chestnut turban * † '' Turbo chevalieri'' Magne & Vergneau-Saubade, 1971 * '' Turbo chrysostomus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * '' Turbo cidaris'' Gmelin, 1791 - Crown turban * ''

Turbo cornutus ''Turbo cornutus'', common name the horned turban, is a species of sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae. Description The scientific name ''Turbo cornutus'', literally means "horned turban," and it is characterized by a ...

Lightfoot Lightfoot may refer to: * Lightfoot (surname) * Lightfoot (lacrosse), Native American lacrosse player * Lightfoot, Virginia, an area of York County that is west of Williamsburg, VA * Operation Lightfoot, part of the Second Battle of El Alamein * ...

, 1786 - horned turban * '' Turbo crassus'' W. Wood, 1828 * '' Turbo debesi'' Kreipl & Alf, 2000 * † '' Turbo embergeri'' Magne & Vergneau-Saubade, 1971 * '' Turbo euthymi'' Jousseaume, 1881 * '' Turbo excellens'' G. W. Sowerby III, 1914 * '' Turbo exquisitus'' Angas, 1877 - Equisite turban * † '' Turbo fakaauensis'' Tröndlé & Letourneux, 2012 * † '' Turbo faurei'' Magne & Vergneau-Saubade, 1971 * † '' Turbo fittoni'' Basterot, 1825 * '' Turbo fluctuosus'' W. Wood, 1828 - Wavy turban * '' Turbo funiculosus'' Kiener, 1848 * '' Turbo gemmatus'' Reeve, 1848 * † '' Turbo grangensis'' Pritchard, 1909 * † '' Turbo granulosus'' (Grateloup, 1827) * '' Turbo gruneri'' Philippi, 1846 - Gruner's turban * '' Turbo haraldi'' Robertson, 1957 * '' Turbo haynesi'' (Preston, 1914) - Hayne's turban * '' Turbo heisei'' Prado, 1999 * '' Turbo heterocheilus'' Pilsbry, 1888 * '' Turbo histrio'' Reeve, 1848 * † '' Turbo histrioides'' Kase, Tomida, Inoue & Kadota, 2020 * '' Turbo hosodai'' Tomida & Kadota, 2014 * '' Turbo imperialis'' Gmelin, 1791 * '' Turbo intercostalis'' Menke, 1846 - Ribbed turban * † '' Turbo ishidai'' Tomida, Sano & Kase, 2021 * † '' Turbo izuensis'' Kase, Tomida, Inoue & Kadota, 2020 * '' Turbo japonicus'' Reeve, 1848 * '' Turbo jonathani'' Dekker, Moolenbeck & Dance, 1992 * '' Turbo jourdani'' Kiener, 1839 - Jourdan's turban * '' Turbo kenwilliamsi'' Williams, 2008 - Beautiful turban * '' Turbo laetus'' Philippi, 1849 * '' Turbo lajonkairii'' (Deshayes, 1839) * '' Turbo laminiferus'' Reeve, 1848 - crinkly turban * † '' Turbo lesperonensis'' Magne & Vergneau-Saubade, 1971 * '' Turbo lorenzi'' Alf & Kreipl, 2015 * † '' Turbo maderensis'' Magne & Vergneau-Saubade, 1971 * '' Turbo magnificus'' Jonas, 1844 - Magifecent turban * '' Turbo marisrubri'' Kreipl & Alf, 2001 * '' Turbo markusrufi'' Kreipl & Alf, 2003 * ''

Turbo marmoratus ''Turbo marmoratus'', known as the green turban, the marbled turban or great green turban, is a large species of marine gastropod with a thick calcareous operculum in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.WoRMS (2012). ''Turbo marmoratus'' ...

'' Linnaeus, 1758 - Green turban * † '' Turbo matsuzakiensis'' Tomida & Kadota, 2012 * '' Turbo mazatlanicus'' Pilsbry & H. N. Lowe, 1932 * † '' Turbo mekamiensis'' Nishiwada, 1894 * '' Turbo militaris'' Reeve, 1848 - Military turban * † '' Turbo minoensis'' Itoigawa, 1960 * '' Turbo moluccensis'' Philippi, 1846 * '' Turbo moolenbeeki'' Dekkers & Dekker, 2016 * † '' Turbo moorei'' Hayward, 1981 * † '' Turbo multicarinatus'' Grateloup, 1832 * † '' Turbo neuvillei'' Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 * † '' Turbo oryctus'' (Suter, 1917) * † '' Turbo ozawai'' Otsuka, 1938 † * †'' Turbo parvuloides'' Nomura, 1940 * '' Turbo petholatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * '' Turbo radiatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * '' Turbo reevei'' Philippi, 1847 - Reeve's turban * '' Turbo sandwicensis'' (Pease, 1861) - Hawaiian top shell * † '' Turbo sanoi'' Tomida & Kadota, 2012 * '' Turbo sarmaticus'' Linnaeus, 1758 - South African turban, giant periwinkle, alikreukel * '' Turbo saxosus'' W. Wood, 1828 - Stony turban * ''

Turbo sazae ''Turbo sazae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.MolluscaBase (2018). ''Turbo sazae'' Fukuda, 2017. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies ...

'' Fukuda, 2017 Hiroshi Fukuda (2017), Nomenclature of the horned turbans previously known as ''Turbo cornutus'' (Lightfoot), 1786 and ''Turbo chinensis'' Ozawa & Tomida, 1995 (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea: Turbinidae) from China, Japan and Korea; Molluscan Research Vol. 0 , Iss. 0,0
/ref> * '' Turbo scitulus'' (Dall, 1919) - Galapagos turban * '' Turbo setosus'' Gmelin, 1791 - Rough turban * '' Turbo smithi'' G.B. Sowerby III, 1886 - Miniature turban * '' Turbo sparverius'' Gmelin, 1791 - Corded Turban * '' Turbo squamiger'' Reeve, 1843 * '' Turbo stenogyrus'' P. Fischer, 1873 - Miniature turban * † '' Turbo subsetosus'' d'Orbigny, 1852 * † '' Turbo tenisoni'' Finlay, 1927 * '' Turbo ticaonicus'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of '' Turbo bruneus'' (Röding, 1798) * '' Turbo tuberculosus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834 * '' Turbo tursicus'' (Reeve, 1843) * '' Turbo walteri'' Kreipl & Dekker, 2009 * † '' Turbo yoshiharuyabei'' Tomida & Kadota, 2012

Synonyms

The following species were brought into synonymy: * ''Turbo aculeatus'' Allan, 1818: synonym of '' Epitonium muricatum'' ( Risso, 1826) * ''Turbo acutus'' Donovan, 1804: synonym of ''

Turbonilla acuta ''Turbonilla acuta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic ...

'' (Donovan, 1804) * ''Turbo aegyptius'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of Rubritrochus declivis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) * ''Turbo aereus'' Adams J., 1797: synonym of '' Rissoa parva'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo aethiops'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Diloma aethiops'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo agonistes'' Dall & Ochsner, 1928: synonym of '' Turbo scitulus'' (Dall, 1919) * ''Turbo albidus'' Kanmacher, 1798: synonym of '' Graphis albida'' (Kanmacher, 1798) * ''Turbo albocinctus'' Link, 1807: synonym of '' Littorina saxatilis'' (Olivi, 1792) * ''Turbo albulus'' Fabricius O., 1780: synonym of ''

Menestho albula ''Menestho albula'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams, and their allies.Gofas, S. (2011). ''Menestho albula'' (Fabricius, 1780). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...

'' (Fabricius, 1780) * ''Turbo albus'' Adams J., 1797: synonym of Rissoa parva (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo amabilis'' Ozaki, 1954: synonym of '' Bolma guttata'' (A. Adams, 1863) * ''Turbo amussitatus'' Gould, 1861: synonym of '' Homalopoma amussitatum'' (Gould, 1861) * ''Turbo anguis'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Lunella undulata ''Lunella undulata'', common name the common warrener or the lightning turban, is a species of sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae. Description The size of the shell varies between 33 mm and 75 mm. The solid ...

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Turbo angulatus'' Eichwald, 1829: synonym of ''

Gibbula adriatica ''Steromphala adriatica'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Steromphala adriatica (Philippi, 1844). Accessed through: World Register of Marine ...

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Turbo anomala'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Turbo cidaris cidaris'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo archimedis'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of '' Turritella terebra'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo argentata'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo argenteus'' Anton, 1839: synonym of '' Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo armatus'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of '' Bolma rugosa'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Turbo arsinoensis'' Issel, 1869: synonym of '' Collonista arsinoensis'' (Issel, 1869) * ''Turbo aruginosa'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Turbo petholatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo ascaris'' Turton, 1819: synonym of '' Aclis ascaris'' (Turton, 1819) * ''Turbo assimilis'' Kiener, 1847: synonym of '' Turbo fluctuosus'' W. Wood, 1828 * ''Turbo asteriola'' Dall, 1925: synonym of '' Bolma bartschi'' Dall, 1913 * ''Turbo aurantius'' Kiener, 1847: synonym of '' Turbo smithi'' G.B. Sowerby III, 1886 * ''Turbo auriscalpium'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Rissoa auriscalpium'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo ayersi'' Olsson, 1967: synonym of '' Turbo castanea'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo bicarinatus'' Woodward, 1833: synonym of ''

Littorina littorea The common periwinkle or winkle (''Littorina littorea'') is a species of small edible whelk or sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc that has gills and an operculum, and is classified within the family Littorinidae, the periwinkles.Reid, David ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo bicarinatus'' G. B. Sowerby I, 1825: synonym of '' Trichotropis bicarinata'' (Sowerby I, 1825) * ''Turbo boswellae'' Barnard, 1969: synonym of '' Cantrainea boswellae'' (Barnard, 1969) * ''Turbo breviculus'' Philippi, 1847: synonym of '' Littorina brevicula'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Turbo briareus'' Dall, 1881: synonym of '' Arene briareus'' (Dall, 1881) * ''Turbo brunneus'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Turbo bruneus'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Turbo bryereus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

Schwartziella bryerea ''Schwartziella bryerea'' is a species of minute sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family (biology), family Zebinidae. Distribution This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the ...

'' ( Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo caerulescens'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

Melarhaphe neritoides ''Melarhaphe neritoides'', common name : the small periwinkle, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. This species was previously known as ''Littorina neritoides''. ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo calathiscus'' Montagu, 1808: synonym of '' Alvania cimex'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo calcar'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Astralium calcar'' (Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo canaliculatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo canalis'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Lacuna vincta'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo cancellatus'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of '' Alvania cancellata'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo carduus'' P. Fischer, 1873: synonym of T''urbo argyrostomus argyrostomus f. carduus'' P. Fischer, 1873 accepted as ''Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus'' Linnaeus, 1758 (original rank) * ''Turbo carinatus'' Woodward, 1833: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo carinatus'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of '' Alvania carinata'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo carinatus'' Cantraine, 1835: synonym of '' Cantrainea peloritana'' (Cantraine, 1835) * ''Turbo cernicus'' G. B. Sowerby III, 1896: synonym of '' Turbo japonicus'' Reeve, 1848 * ''Turbo carneus'' Lowe, 1825: synonym of '' Margarites groenlandicus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo chemnitzianus'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of '' Turbo radiatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo chinensis'' Ozawa & Tomida, 1995: synonym of ''

'' ightfoot 1786 * ''Turbo cimex'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Alvania cimex'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo cinereus'' Born, 1778: synonym of ''

Lunella cinerea ''Lunella cinerea'', common name the smooth moon turban, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 20 mm and 50 mm. The solid, ...

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Turbo cinereus'' Couthouy, 1838: synonym of '' Margarites costalis'' (Gould, 1841) * ''Turbo cingillus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Cingula trifasciata'' (J. Adams, 1800) * ''Turbo cingulata'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Turbo petholatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo circularis'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of '' Turbo gruneri'' Philippi, 1846 * ''Turbo classicarius'' J.E. Gray, 1850: synonym of '' Turbo sarmaticus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo clathratulus'' J. Adams, 1798: synonym of '' Epitonium clathratulum'' (Kanmacher, 1798) * ''Turbo clathratulus'' Kanmacher, 1798: synonym of '' Epitonium clathratulum'' (Kanmacher, 1798) * ''Turbo clathrus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Epitonium clathrus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo coccineus'' Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1816: synonym of '' Homalopoma sanguineum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo cochlus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo confragosus'' Gould, 1851: synonym of '' Astralium confragosum'' (Gould, 1851) * ''Turbo conoideus'' Brocchi, 1814: synonym of '' Megastomia conoidea'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Turbo coreensis'' Recluz, 1853: synonym of '' Turbo granulatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo coronatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Lunella coronata ''Lunella coronata'', common name the crowned turban shell or the coronate moon turban, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The shell grows to a length of 4 cm, w ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo costatus'' Adams J., 1797: synonym of '' Manzonia crassa'' (Kanmacher, 1798) * ''Turbo crassior'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Lacuna crassior'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo crassus'' Kanmacher, 1798: synonym of '' Manzonia crassa'' (Kanmacher, 1798) * ''Turbo cremensis'' Andrzeiewsky, 1832: synonym of ''

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Turbo crenatus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Opalia crenata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo creniferus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo crenulatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Turbo castanea'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo davidis'' Röding, 1798 : synonym of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) * ''Turbo declivis'' Forskål, 1775: synonym of '' Rubritrochus declivis'' (Forskål, 1775) * ''Turbo decussatus'' Montagu, 1803 : synonym of '' Parthenina decussata'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo delphinus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Angaria delphinus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo depressum'' Carpenter, 1856: synonym of '' Turbo funiculosus'' Kiener, 1848 * ''Turbo diminutus'' Link, 1807 : synonym of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) * ''Turbo dinegrata'' Rôding, 1798: synonym of '' Turbo petholatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo discors'' Allan, 1818 : synonym of '' Alvania discors'' (Allan, 1818) * ''Turbo discrepans'' Allan, 1818 : synonym of '' Alvania discors'' (Allan, 1818) * ''Turbo distortus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Angaria delphinus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo divisus'' Adams J., 1797 : synonym of '' Ondina divisa'' (J. Adams, 1797) * ''Turbo duplicatus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Turritella duplicata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo echinatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Turbo chrysostomus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo elegantissimus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

Turbonilla lactea ''Turbonilla lactea'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo elevatus'' Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852: synonym of '' Prisogaster elevatus'' (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852) * ''Turbo elongatus'' Woodward, 1833: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo euthymi'' Jousseaume, 1881: synonym of '' Turbo petholatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo exoletus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Turritella exoleta'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo expansus'' Brown in J. Smith, 1839: synonym of '' Littorina fabalis'' (Turton, 1825) * ''Turbo fabalis'' Turton, 1825: synonym of '' Littorina fabalis'' (Turton, 1825) * ''Turbo fasciata'' Renieri MS, Brocchi, 1814: synonym of ''

Eulima glabra ''Eulima glabra'' (Dutch: ''grote glanshoren'') is a species of small parasitic sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus ''Eulima''.da Costa, ...

'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo fasciatus'' Renieri, 1804: synonym of ''

'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo ferrugineus'' Anton, 1839: synonym of '' Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo filifer'' Deshayes, 1863: synonym of '' Leptothyra filifer'' (Deshayes, 1863) * ''Turbo filosus'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Turbo cailletii'' P. Fischer & Bernardi, 1856 * ''Turbo flammeus'' Salis Marschlins, 1793: synonym of ''Tricolia pullus pullus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo fluctuatus'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of '' Turbo fluctuosus'' W. Wood, 1828 * ''Turbo fokkesi'' Jonas, 1843: synonym of '' Turbo fluctuosus'' W. Wood, 1828 * ''Turbo foliaceus'' Rousseau, 1854: synonym of '' Turbo lamniferus'' Reeve, 1848 * ''Turbo folicaeus'' Philippi, 1847: synonym of '' Turbo lamniferus'' Reeve, 1848 * ''Turbo fortispiralis'' Kreipl & Alf, 2003: synonym of '' Turbo smithi'' G.B. Sowerby III, 1886 * ''Turbo grandineus'' Valenciennes, 1846 : synonym of '' Calliostoma punctulatum'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Turbo granoliratus'' G.B. Sowerby III, 1908: synonym of '' Turbo moluccensis'' Philippi, 1846 * ''Turbo granosus'' (Martyn, 1784): synonym of '' Modelia granosa'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Turbo granulata'' (Röding, 1798): synonym of '' Turbo castanea'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo granulatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Lunella granulata ''Lunella granulata'', common name the granulated moon turban, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 20 mm and 40 mm. The ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo granulosus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Turbo granulatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo graphicus'' Brown, 1818 : synonym of '' Cingula trifasciata'' (J. Adams, 1800) * ''Turbo groenlandicus'' Röding, 1798 : synonym of '' Littorina saxatilis'' (Olivi, 1792) * ''Turbo helicinus'' Phipps, 1774: synonym of '' Margarites helicinus'' (Phipps, 1774) * ''Turbo helicoides'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Separatista helicoides ''Separatista helicoides'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Capulidae. Description Distribution This species can be found in the Indian Ocean off the Mascarene The Mascarene Islands (, ) or Mascarenes or ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo hemprichii'' Troschel, 1849: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo henicus'' Watson, 1885: synonym of '' Bolma henica'' (Watson, 1885) * ''Turbo heteroclitus'' Kiener, 1847: synonym of '' Turbo torquatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo hippocastanum'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Turbo castanea'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo humerosa'' Smith, 1901: synonym of '' Turbo petholatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo imbricatus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Turritella imbricata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo incarnatus'' Couthouy, 1838: synonym of '' Margarites groenlandicus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo indistinctus'' Montagu, 1808: synonym of '' Parthenina indistincta'' ( Montagu, 1808) * ''Turbo indutus'' Watson, 1879: synonym of '' Homalopoma indutum'' (Watson, 1879) * ''Turbo insculptus'' Montagu, 1808: synonym of '' Ondina divisa'' (J. Adams, 1797) * ''Turbo interruptus'' Adams J., 1800: synonym of '' Rissoa parva'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo interstinctus'' J. Adams, 1797: synonym of '' Chrysallida interstincta'' (J. Adams, 1797) * ''Turbo irroratus'' Say, 1822: synonym of ''

Littoraria irrorata ''Littoraria irrorata'', also known by the common name the marsh periwinkle, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae. The specific epithet ' means 'moistened' or 'dewy.' This species occurs in salt marshe ...

'' (Say, 1822) * ''Turbo japonicus'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of ''

'' Lightfoot, 1786 * ''Turbo jugosus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) * ''Turbo jungi'' Lai, 2006: synonym of ''

Lunella jungi ''Lunella jungi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Lunella jungi'' (Lai, 2006). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespec ...

'' (Lai, 2006) * ''Turbo labiatus'' Brown, 1827: synonym of '' Littorina arcana'' Hannaford-Ellis, 1978 * ''Turbo lacteus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo lacteus'' Donovan, 1804: synonym of '' Rissoa parva'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo laetus'' Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1863: synonym of '' Collonia granulosa'' Pease, 1868 * ''Turbo laevis'' Pennant, 1777: synonym of '' Melanella alba'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo lamellosus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Turbo lamniferus'' Reeve, 1848 * ''Turbo lamellosus'' Broderip, 1831: synonym of ''

Lunella torquata ''Lunella torquata'', common name the twisted necklace, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The length of the shell varies between 35 mm and 110 mm. The lar ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo lapidifera'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Turbo radiatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo lehmanni'' Menke, 1843: synonym of '' Notogibbula lehmanni'' (Menke, 1843) * ''Turbo litoreus'' ic synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo littoreus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo lucullanus'' Scacchi, 1833: synonym of Fossarus ambiguus (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo ludus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Turbo lugubris'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Turbo lugubris'' Kiener, 1847: synonym of ''

Lunella ogasawarana ''Lunella ogasawarana'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Etymology The species name ‘''ogasawarana''’ is given to highlight its endemicity in Ogasawara Islands, Japan. ...

'' Nakano, Takashashi & Ozawa, 2007 * ''Turbo macandrewii'' Mörch, 1868: synonym of ''

Anadema macandrewii ''Anadema macandrewii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Colloniidae, Description The umbilicate, reddish yellow shell has an ovate-conoid, trochiform shape. It is thick, slightly elevated, and below subdep ...

'' (Mörch, 1868) * ''Turbo mammillatus'' Donovan, E., 1804: synonym of '' Turbo castanea'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo maoa'' Curtiss, 1938: synonym of '' Turbo setosus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo martinii'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Amaea martinii'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Turbo membranaceus'' Adams J., 1800: synonym of '' Rissoa membranacea'' (J. Adams, 1800) * ''Turbo menkei'' Thiele, 1930: synonym of '' Turbo haynesi'' (Preston, 1914) * ''Turbo mespilus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Turbo imperialis'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo minimus'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of ''

Echinolittorina mespillum ''Echinolittorina mespillum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. Distribution Aruba, Bonaire, Caribbean Sea, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, ...

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Turbo minutus'' Michaud, 1828: synonym of '' Clathrella clathrata'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Turbo mitzschii'' Anton, 1838: synonym of '' Turbo saxosus'' W. Wood, 1828 * ''Turbo modestus'' Philippi, 1847: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo moltkianus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Turbo castanea'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo moniliformis'' (Röding, 1798): synonym of ''

Lunella moniliformis ''Lunella moniliformis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Rosenberg, G.; Bouchet, P. (2014). Lunella moniliformis Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Specie ...

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Turbo monilis'' Turton, 1819: synonym of '' Alvania carinata'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo muricatus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Cenchritis muricatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo muricatus'' Nowell-Usticke, 1959: synonym of '' Turbo castanea'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo murreus'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of '' Isanda murrea'' (Reeve, 1848) * ''Turbo naninus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1864: synonym of '' Leptothyra nanina'' (Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1864) * ''Turbo natalensis'' Krauss, 1848: synonym of '' Turbo cidaris natalensis'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Turbo nautileus'' Linnaeus, 1767: synonym of '' Gyraulus crista'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo nebulosus'' Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775: synonym of '' Monodonta nebulosa'' (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) * ''Turbo necnivosus'' Iredale, 1929: synonym of '' Turbo smithi'' G.B. Sowerby III, 1886 * ''Turbo neritiformis'' Brown, 1827: synonym of '' Littorina obtusata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo neritoides'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo nicobaricus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Chrysostoma paradoxum'' (Born, 1778) * ''Turbo niger'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Prisogaster niger'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Turbo nigerrimus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Diloma nigerrima'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo nitidissimus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

Ebala nitidissima ''Ebala'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Ebalinae, family Murchisonellidae.Gofas, S. (2009). ''Ebala'' Gray, 1847. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through t ...

'' ( Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo nitzschii'' Anton, 1839: synonym of '' Turbo saxosus'' W. Wood, 1828 * ''Turbo nivosa'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of '' Turbo tuberculosus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834 * ''Turbo nivosus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Chrysallida nivosa'' ( Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo obligatus'' Say, 1822: synonym of '' Littorina saxatilis'' (Olivi, 1792) * ''Turbo obscura'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Turbo petholatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo obscurus'' Couthouy, 1838: synonym of '' Solariella obscura'' (Couthouy, 1838) * ''Turbo obsoletus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Turritella exoleta'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo obtusatus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Littorina obtusata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo olearius'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo olivaceus'' Brown, 1827: synonym of '' Margarites olivaceus'' (Brown, 1827) * ''Turbo ovalis'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of '' Acteon tornatilis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo palliatus'' Say, 1822: synonym of '' Littorina obtusata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo pallidus'' Donovan, 1804: synonym of '' Lacuna crassior'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo pallidus'' Perry, G., 1811: synonym of '' Turbo argyrostomus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo papyraceus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Pseudostomatella papyracea'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo parvulus'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Turbo smithi'' G.B. Sowerby III, 1886 * ''Turbo parvus'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of '' Rissoa parva'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo peloritanus'' Cantraine, 1835: synonym of '' Cantrainea peloritana'' (Cantraine, 1835) * ''Turbo perdix'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Phasianella ventricosa'' Swainson, 1822 * ''Turbo permundus'' Iredale, 1929: synonym of '' Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo pethiolatus'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of '' Turbo sarmaticus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo phasianellus'' Deshayes, 1863: synonym of '' Calliotrochus marmoreus'' (Pease, 1861) * ''Turbo picta'' Röding, 1798: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Turbo pictus'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of ''Tricolia pullus picta'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo pileolum'' Reeve, 1842: synonym of '' Astralium pileolum'' (Reeve, 1842) * ''Turbo planorbis'' Fabricius O., 1780: synonym of '' Skeneopsis planorbis'' (O. Fabricius, 1780) * ''Turbo plicatus'' Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1824: synonym of '' Manzonia crassa'' (Kanmacher, 1798) * ''Turbo plicatus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Odostomia plicata'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo politus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Melanella polita'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo ponsonbyi'' Sowerby III, 1897: synonym of '' Bothropoma ponsonbyi'' (Sowerby, 1897) * ''Turbo porcatus'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Turbo porphyrites'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Turbo porphyrites'' ic, ''porphyria'' synonym of '' Turbo petholatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo princeps'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo psittacinus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo pulcher'' (Rehder, 1943): synonym of '' Turbo haraldi'' Robertson, 1957 * ''Turbo pulcher'' Reeve, 1842: synonym of '' Turbo kenwilliamsi'' Williams, 2008 * ''Turbo pulcherrimus'' Noodt, 1819: synonym of ''Calliostoma (Maurea) punctulatum'' (Martyn, 1784) represented as '' Calliostoma punctulatum'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Turbo pullus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Tricolia pullus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo pumiceus'' Brocchi, 1814: synonym of '' Cirsotrema cochlea'' (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844) * ''Turbo punctatus'' Kanmacher, 1798: synonym of Marshallora adversa (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo punctatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Echinolittorina punctata'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo punctura'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Alvania punctura'' ( Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo purpureus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''

Clanculus cruciatus ''Clanculus cruciatus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 10 mm. The narrowly umbilicate shell has a globose-coni ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo pustulata'' Reeve, 1843: synonym of '' Turbo squamiger'' Reeve, 1843 * ''Turbo pustulatus'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of '' Turbo squamiger'' Reeve, 1843 * ''Turbo puteolus'' Turton, 1819: synonym of '' Lacuna parva'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo pyropus'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of '' Yaronia pyropus'' (Reeve, 1848) * ''Turbo quadricarinatus'' Brocchi, 1814: synonym of '' Mathilda quadricarinata'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Turbo quadrifasciatus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Lacuna vincta'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo radiatus'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of '' Turbo intercostalis'' Menke, 1846 * ''Turbo radina'' Webster, 1905: synonym of '' Turbo smaragdus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo replicatus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Turritella duplicata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo reticulatus'' J. Adams, 1797: synonym of '' Alvania beanii'' (Hanley in Thorpe, 1844) * ''Turbo reticulatus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Alvania beanii'' (Hanley in Thorpe, 1844) * ''Turbo reticulatus'' Donovan, 1804: synonym of '' Marshallora adversa'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo retusus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Littorina obtusata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo rissoanus'' Delle Chiaje, 1828: synonym of '' Rissoa variabilis'' (Von Mühlfeldt, 1824) * ''Turbo ruber'' J. Adams, 1797: synonym of ''

Barleeia unifasciata ''Barleeia'', or the barleysnails, is a genus of very small sea snails. They are marine (ocean), marine gastropod micromollusks in the family Barleeiidae. These snails are usually only a couple of millimeters in length.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). M ...

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo rubicundus'' Chemnitz: synonym of '' Turbo granosus'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Turbo rudis'' Maton, 1797: synonym of '' Littorina saxatilis'' (Olivi, 1792) * ''Turbo rudissimus'' Johnston, 1842: synonym of '' Littorina saxatilis'' (Olivi, 1792) * ''Turbo rugosus'' Linnaeus, 1767: synonym of '' Bolma rugosa'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Turbo rugosus'' Brown, 1818: synonym of Tornus subcarinatus (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo sangarensis'' Schrenck, 1861: synonym of '' Homalopoma sangarense'' (Schrenck, 1861) * ''Turbo sanguineus'' de Folin, 1868: synonym of '' Collonista purpurata'' (Deshayes, 1863) * ''Turbo sanguineus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Homalopoma sanguineum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo saxatilis'' Olivi, 1792: synonym of '' Littorina saxatilis'' (Olivi, 1792) * ''Turbo scabrosus'' Preston, 1914: synonym of '' Turbo lamniferus'' Reeve, 1848 * ''Turbo scalaris'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

Epitonium scalare ''Epitonium scalare'', common name the precious wentletrap, is a predatory or ectoparasitic species of marine gastropod with an operculum, in the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.Rosenberg, G. (2010). Epitonium scalare (Linnaeus, 1758). In: ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo semicostatus'' Pease, 1861: synonym of '' Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo semicostatus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Onoba semicostata'' ( Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo semilugubris'' Deshayes, 1863: synonym of '' Vaceuchelus semilugubris'' (Deshayes, 1863) * ''Turbo semistriatus'' Montagu, 1808: synonym of '' Crisilla semistriata'' (Montagu, 1808) * ''Turbo separatista'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo seruiensis'' Smits & Moolenbeek, 1995: synonym of '' Turbo moluccensis'' Philippi, 1846 * ''Turbo shandi'' Hutton, 1873: synonym of '' Turbo granosus'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Turbo shepeianus'' J. Adams, 1798: synonym of '' Onoba semicostata'' ( Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo shepeianus'' Kanmacher, 1798: synonym of '' Onoba semicostata'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo siamea'' Röding, 1798: synonym of ''

'' Lightfoot, 1786 * ''Turbo siculus'' Brugnone, 1850: synonym of '' Echinolittorina punctata'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo smaragdus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Lunella smaragdus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo somnueki'' Patamakanthin, 2001: synonym of '' Turbo tursicus'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Turbo speciosus'' Mühlfeld, 1824: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Turbo speciosus'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of '' Turbo argyrostomus perspeciosus'' (Iredale, 1929) * ''Turbo spenglerianus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Turbo canaliculatus'' Hermann, 1781 * ''Turbo spinosus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Turbo radiatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo spiralis'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Chrysallida pellucida'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Turbo splendidulus'' G.B. Sowerby III, 1886: synonym of '' Turbo laetus'' Philippi, 1849 * ''Turbo squamosa'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Turbo bruneus'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Turbo squamosus'' J.E. Gray, 1847: synonym of '' Turbo lamniferus'' Reeve, 1848 * ''Turbo stamineus'' Martyn, 1784: synonym of '' Turbo torquatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo stellaris'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Astralium stellare'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo striatulus'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of '' Alvania carinata'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo striatulus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Alvania carinata'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo striatulus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Turbonilla striatula'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo striatus'' J. Adams, 1797: synonym of '' Onoba semicostata'' ( Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo subcastaneus'' Pilsbry, 1888: synonym of '' Turbo squamiger'' Reeve, 1843 * ''Turbo subluteus'' Adams J., 1797: synonym of '' Rissoa parva'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo subtruncatus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Truncatella subcylindrica'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Turbo subulatus'' Donovan, 1804: synonym of ''

'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Turbo subumbilicatus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

Peringia ulvae ''Peringia ulvae'' (or ''Hydrobia ulvae''), common name the Laver spire shell or mudsnail, is a European species of very small aquatic snail with gills and an operculum, a gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae.Gofas, S. (2010). ''Hydrobi ...

'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Turbo sulcatus'' Woodward, 1833: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo sulcatus'' Leach, 1852: synonym of '' Littorina compressa'' Jeffreys, 1865 * ''Turbo taeniatus'' G.B. Sowerby I, 1825: synonym of '' Photinastoma taeniatum'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825) * ''Turbo tautiranus'' Curtiss, 1938: synonym of '' Littoraria coccinea'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo taylorianus'' E.A. Smith, 1880: synonym of '' Bolma tayloriana'' (E. A. Smith, 1880) * ''Turbo tenebrosus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Littorina saxatilis'' (Olivi, 1792) * ''Turbo terebellum'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of '' Niso terebellum'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Turbo terebra'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Turritella terebra'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo tessellatus'' Kiener, 1848: synonym of '' Turbo fluctuosus'' W. Wood, 1828 * ''Turbo torcularis'' Born, 1778: synonym of '' Turritella exoleta'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo torquatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo tricarinulatus'' Euthyme, 1885: synonym of '' Turbo cidaris cidaris'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo tricolor'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo tricostatus'' Hutton, 1884: synonym of '' Lunella smaragdus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo trifasciatus'' J. Adams, 1800: synonym of '' Cingula cingillus'' ( Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo trochiformis'' Born, 1778: synonym of '' Trochita trochiformis'' (Born, 1778) * ''Turbo trochoides'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo truncatus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Truncatella subcylindrica'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Turbo tuberculata'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Turbo squamiger'' Reeve, 1843 * ''Turbo tuberculatus'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of ''

Tectarius antonii ''Tectarius antonii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. Description The maximum recorded shell length is 21 mm.Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-S ...

'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Turbo tuberculatus'' Kiener, 1847: synonym of '' Turbo radiatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo tumidulus'' Reeve, 1848: synonym of '' Turbo radiatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo turbinopsis'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Turbo lamniferus'' Reeve, 1848 * ''Turbo turriformis'' Preston, 1914: synonym of '' Turbo lamniferus'' Reeve, 1848 * ''Turbo turtonis'' Turton, 1819: synonym of '' Epitonium turtonis'' (Turton, 1819) * ''Turbo ulvae'' Pennant, 1777: synonym of ''

'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Turbo undulata'' Röding, 1798: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Turbo undulatus'' Lightfoot, 1786: synonym of ''

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Turbo ungulinus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Turritella ungulina'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo unicus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Graphis albida'' (Kanmacher, 1798) * ''Turbo unidentatus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Odostomia unidentata'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo unifasciatus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo ustulatus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo variegatus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Turritella variegata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo venezuelensis'' Weisbord, 1962: synonym of '' Turbo castanea'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo ventricosus'' Woodward, 1833: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbo ventrosus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

Ecrobia ventrosa ''Ecrobia ventrosa'', common name spire snail, is a European species of small brackish water snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae. Distribution This species occurs on the coasts of: * Ice ...

'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo venustus'' Philippi, 1845: synonym of '' Turbo saxosus'' W. Wood, 1828 * ''Turbo verconis'' Iredale, 1937: synonym of '' Turbo jourdani'' Kiener, 1839 * ''Turbo vericulum'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Turbo setosus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo vermicularis'' Brocchi, 1814: synonym of '' Turritella vermicularis'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Turbo versicolor'' Nowell-Usticke, 1959: synonym of '' Turbo castanea'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo versicolor'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Turbo vestitus'' Say, 1822: synonym of '' Littorina saxatilis'' (Olivi, 1792) * ''Turbo vieuxi'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Tricolia speciosa'' (Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Turbo vinctus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Lacuna vincta'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo virens'' Anton, 1839: synonym of '' Turbo castanea'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Turbo viridana'' Röding, 1798: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Turbo viridicallus'' (Jousseaume, 1898): synonym of ''

Lunella viridicallus ''Lunella viridicallus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Lunella viridicallus'' (Jousseaume, 1892). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...

'' (Jousseaume, 1898) * ''Turbo vitreus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Hyala vitrea'' ( Montagu, 1803) * ''Turbo vittatus'' Donovan, 1804: synonym of '' Cingula trifasciata'' (J. Adams, 1800) * ''Turbo zebra'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Echinolittorina peruviana'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Turbo zebra'' Donovan, 1825: synonym of '' Littoraria zebra'' (Donovan, 1825) * ''Turbo zetlandicus'' Montagu, 1815: synonym of '' Alvinia zetlandica'' Montagu, 1815 Turbo necnivosus 003

The following species are

nomina nuda In taxonomy, a ''nomen nudum'' ('naked name'; plural ''nomina nuda'') is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate descr ...

(names not published with an adequate description): * ''Turbo curvatus'' Chiereghini MS, Brusina, 1870 (nomen nudum): accepted as '' Eulima philippii'' Weinkauff, 1868 The following species are alternate representation: * ''Turbo setosus'' Gmelin, 1843 represented as '' Turbo setosus'' Gmelin, 1791 (alternate representation) The following species are nomina dubia (names of unknown or doubtful application): * ''Turbo articulatus'' Reeve, 1848 (nomen dubium) * ''Turbo concinnus'' Philippi, 1846 (nomen dubium) * ''Turbo crellenus'' Linnaeus, 1758 (nomen dubium) * ''Turbo disjunctus'' Anton, 1838 (nomen dubium) * ''Turbo elegans'' Philippi, 1846 (nomen dubium) * ''Turbo margaritaceus'' Linnaeus, 1758 (nomen dubium) * ''Turbo pustulatus'' Brocchi, 1821 (nomen dubium) * ''Turbo variabilis'' Reeve, 1842 (nomen dubium) Temporary names: * † ''Turbo geniculatus'' Brocchi, 1814 The following species are

species inquirenda In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The term t ...

(names with uncertain or disputed validity): * '' Turbo regenfusii'' Deshayes, 1843 - great green turban

Human uses

When the Caribbean hermit crab, '' Coenobita clypeatus'', or "purple pincher" as it is known in the pet trade is kept as a house pet, ''Turbo'' shells are a favorite choice of shells for the crab. ''

'', common name the "horned turban", is an expensive food item in Korea, and Japan, where they are known as . The attractively colored operculum of at least two different ''Turbo'' species has been used for various decorative purposes, including in jewelry and

buttons A button is a fastener that joins two pieces of fabric together by slipping through a loop or by sliding through a buttonhole. In modern clothing and fashion design, buttons are commonly made of plastic but also may be made of metal, wood ...

. These opercula are sometimes known as "cat's eyes".

References

Notes Sources * Alf A., Kreipl K. & Poppe G. T. (2003) T''he Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo''. In: Poppe G. T. & Groh K. (eds.): A Conchological Iconography: 68 pp., 95 colour plates, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, . * Williams, S.T. (2007). ''Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae)''. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592. * Williams S. (2008) T''he calcareous operculum as a character for defining subgenera in the marine gastropod genus Turbo''. Vita Malacologica 7: 1-13. 6 December 2008 {{DEFAULTSORT:Turbo (gastropod)