HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

The Tumbuka are an ethnic group living in
Malawi Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast ...
,
Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most cent ...
, and
Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...
. In Tumbuka mythology, Chiuta (meaning "Great Bow") is the Supreme Creator and is symbolised in the sky by the rainbow. Tumbuka has many myths that constitute part of the Tumbuka cultural heritage. These myths, told around fires at night, often to the accompaniment of drumming and choral responses, aim to teach children moral behavior and to entertain. Most of these myths have been weakened or lost over time, but many still remain; these ''vidokoni'' (stories) have a moral behind them. There are three animals mentioned more than any others in Tumbuka mythology and these are ''fulu'' (tortoise), ''kalulu'' (hare), and ''chimbwi'' (hyena). Fulu is considered the wisest animal, chimbwe the villain, and kalulu the clever
trickster In mythology and the study of folklore and religion, a trickster is a character in a story (god, goddess, spirit, human or anthropomorphisation) who exhibits a great degree of intellect or secret knowledge and uses it to play tricks or otherwi ...
and manipulator who can only be defeated by fulu.


Deities


Chiuta

Chiuta, is the supreme deity figure in the traditional religions of the Tumbuka people, who resides in present-day Malawi. Chiuta is also sometimes known by the following names: Mulengi, Mwenco, and Wamtatakuya. Chiuta is omnipresent, though shapeless. Though prayers can be made directly to Chiuta, ancestors and spirits play a large part in determining whether these prayers would be fulfilled. Offerings and appeals to ancestors and spirits can help sway their favors. Chiuta is associated with several natural phenomena that occurs from the sky, such as rain and thunderstorm.


Legends


Creation of the universe

In the beginning, it is said that only earth and Chiuta existed. The earth was empty, and there was no body of water in its surface. Then Chiuta summoned the clouds, rain, and lightning to fall on earth. Later, Chiuta also went down to earth, followed by the first humans and all the animals.


Origin of death

There are two versions of the origins of death associated with Chiuta. According to Lynch and Roberts (2010), the first version involved a chameleon and lizard. The chameleon was supposed to bring a message to humans, that when they die, they would be reincarnated. On the other hand, the lizard's message would instead tell humans that their deaths are permanent. Unfortunately, the lizard was faster than the chameleon, and thus death became a permanent state. In the second version, told by Harvey (2005), the connection between the heavens, represented by the sky, and earth was cut when the humans discovered fire. Since all animals feared what the humans could do, they asked for Chiuta's help. Chiuta settled the issue, and tired from the conflict, decided to retreat to heavens and sever the connection between earth and heaven.


References

* *{{cite book, author=Mphande, David, title=Oral Literature and Moral Education among the Lakeside Tonga of Northern Malawi, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gtMiBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA75, date=25 October 2014, publisher=Mzuni Press, isbn=978-99908-0-244-3, pages=75