''Potyvirus'' is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family '' Potyviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. The genus is named after member virus ''

potato virus Y Potato virus Y (PVY) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Potyviridae'', and one of the most important plant viruses affecting potato production. PVY infection of potato plants results in a variety of symptoms depending on the viral stra ...

''. Potyviruses account for about thirty percent of the currently known plant viruses. Like begomoviruses, members of this genus may cause significant losses in agricultural, pastoral,

horticultural Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of plant cultivation. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and no ...

, and

ornamental Ornamental may refer to: *Ornamental grass, a type of grass grown as a decoration *Ornamental iron, mild steel that has been formed into decorative shapes, similar to wrought iron work *Ornamental plant, a plant that is grown for its ornamental qua ...

crops. More than 200 species of aphids spread potyviruses, and most are from the subfamily ''

Aphidinae Aphidinae is an aphid subfamily in the family Aphididae. Many species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the la ...

'' (genera ''

Macrosiphum ''Macrosiphum'' is a genus of aphid. During the summer populations are made of parthenogenetic females. In the fall, males and females are produced; they mate and females lay eggs that overwinter. There are over 160 spp. in 3 subgenera. Speci ...

'' and ''

Myzus ''Myzus'' is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Aphididae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in app ...

''). The genus contains 190 species.

Virology

Structure

The virion is

non-enveloped A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. Numerous human pathogenic viruses in circulation are encase ...

with a flexuous and filamentous

nucleocapsid A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material. It consists of several oligomeric (repeating) structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or may ...

, 680 to 900 nanometers (nm) long and is 11–20 nm in diameter. The nucleocapsid contains around 2000 copies of the capsid protein. The symmetry of the nucleocapsid is helical with a pitch of 3.4 nm.

Genome

The genome is a linear,

positive-sense In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the context, ...

, single-stranded

RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...

ranging in size from 9,000–12,000

nucleotide base Nucleobases, also known as ''nitrogenous bases'' or often simply ''bases'', are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which, in turn, are components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic b ...

s. Most potyviruses have non-segmented genomes, though a number of species are bipartite. The base composition is: 21–23.51–26% G; 23–30.15–44% A; 14.9–22.41–28% C; 15.6–24.41–30.9% U. In the species with a single genome, at the 5' end a protein is covalently linked (the VPg protein). It encodes a single

open reading frame In molecular biology, open reading frames (ORFs) are defined as spans of DNA sequence between the start and stop codons. Usually, this is considered within a studied region of a prokaryotic DNA sequence, where only one of the six possible readin ...

(ORF) expressed as a 350 kDa polyprotein precursor. This is processed into ten smaller proteins: protein 1 protease (P1-Pro), helper component protease (HC-Pro), protein 3 (P3), cylindrical inclusion (CI), viral protein genome-linked (Vpg), nuclear inclusion A (NIa), nuclear inclusion B (NIb), capsid protein (CP) and two small putative proteins known as 6K1 and 6K2. The P3 cistron also encodes a second protein—P3N-PIPO—which is generated by a +2

frameshift Ribosomal frameshifting, also known as translational frameshifting or translational recoding, is a biological phenomenon that occurs during translation that results in the production of multiple, unique proteins from a single mRNA. The process can ...

Proteins

Properties of the viral protein: ''P1-Pro'' (~33 kilo Daltons (kDa) in molecular weight) is a

serine Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated − form under biological conditions), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated − form un ...

protease A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes (increases reaction rate or "speeds up") proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the ...

. '' HC-Pro'' (~52 KDa) is a protease that is also involved in aphid transmission. As a protease it cleaves a glycine-glycine dipeptide at its own

C-terminus The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH). When the protein is ...

. It also interacts with eukaryotic initiation factor 4 (eIF4). It acts as a viral

RNA silencing RNA silencing or RNA interference refers to a family of gene silencing effects by which gene expression is negatively regulated by non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs. RNA silencing may also be defined as sequence-specific regulation of gene express ...

suppressor. ''P3'' (~41 kDa) the function is not known. It interacts with large subunit of the

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviations RuBisCo, rubisco, RuBPCase, or RuBPco, is an enzyme () involved in the first major step of carbon fixation, a process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is co ...

. ''CI'' (~71 kDa) is an RNA helicase with

ATPase ATPases (, Adenosine 5'-TriPhosphatase, adenylpyrophosphatase, ATP monophosphatase, triphosphatase, SV40 T-antigen, ATP hydrolase, complex V (mitochondrial electron transport), (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase, HCO3−-ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase) are ...

activity. It is also involved in membrane attachment. ''NIa'' (~50 kDa) is cleaved into NIa-Pro a protease (~27 kDa) and the VPg (~22 kDa) protein. ''NIb'' (~59 kDa) is an

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. Specifically, it catalyzes synthesis of the RNA strand complementary to a given RNA template. This is in contrast to t ...

. ''6K1'' (~6 kDa) the function is not known. 6K2 (~6 kDa) protein, having a single trans membrane domain, is accumulating in the host cellular membranes and is thought to play a role in forming the replication vesicles of the virus. ''P3N-PIPO'' (~25 kDa) the function is not known but it appears to be essential. It interacts with both the large and small subunits of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. ''CP'' the capsid protein ranges between 30 and 35 kDa in weight. Pretty interesting sweet potato potyviral ORF (PISPO), Alkylation B (AlkB), and

inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ITPA'' gene, by the ''rdgB'' gene in bacteria ''E.coli'' and the ''HAM1'' gene in yeast ''S. cerevisiae''; the protein is also encoded by some RNA viruses of the ...

(known as ITPase or HAM1) are protein domains identified in atypical potyviruses. ''VPg protein'' interacts with

eukaryotic initiation factor Eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are Protein, proteins or Protein complex, protein complexes involved in the initiation phase of eukaryotic translation. These proteins help stabilize the formation of ribosomal preinitiation complexes around the ...

4E (eIF4E). This interaction appears to be essential to viral infectivity. Two proteases, P1 and the helper component protease (HC) catalyse only autoproteolytic reactions at their respective C termini. The remaining cleavage reactions are catalysed by either trans-proteolytic or autoproteolytic mechanisms by the small nuclear inclusion protein (NIa-Pro). This latter protein is an evolutionary homology of the picornavirus 3C proteinase.

Life cycle

Replication may occur in the

cytoplasm In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. The ...

, nuclei,

chloroplast A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in ...

Golgi apparatus The Golgi apparatus (), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles ins ...

, cell vacuoles or more rarely in unusual sites. Potyviruses make proteinaceous inclusions in infected plant cells. These may be crystals in either the cytoplasm or in the nucleus, as amorphous X-bodies, membranous bodies, viroplasms or pinwheels. The inclusions may or may not (depending on the species) contain virions. These inclusions can be seen in the light microscope in leaf strips of infected plant tissue stained with Orange-Green (protein stain) but not Azure A (nucleic acid stain). There are four different kinds of potyvirus inclusions. Replication follows the positive-stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by -1 ribosomal frameshifting. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (insects). Transmission routes are vector and mechanical.

Evolution

Potyviruses evolved between 6,600 and 7,250 years ago. They appear to have evolved in southwest Eurasia or north

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

. The estimated mutation rate is about 1.15 nucleotide substitutions/site/year.

Geographical spread

Agriculture was introduced into

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

in the 18th century. This introduction also included plant pathogens. Thirty eight potyvirus species have been isolated in Australia. Eighteen potyviruses have been found only in Australia and are presumed to be endemic there. The remaining twenty appear to have been introduced with agriculture.

Taxonomy

''Potyvirus'' contains the following species: * '' African eggplant mosaic virus'' * '' Algerian watermelon mosaic virus'' * ''

Alstroemeria mosaic virus ''Alstroemeria'' (), commonly called the Peruvian lily or lily of the Incas, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Alstroemeriaceae. They are all native to South America, although some have become naturalized in the United States, Mexi ...

'' * '' Alternanthera mild mosaic virus'' * '' Amaranthus leaf mottle virus'' * ''

Amazon lily mosaic virus Amazon most often refers to: * Amazons, a tribe of female warriors in Greek mythology * Amazon rainforest, a rainforest covering most of the Amazon basin * Amazon River, in South America * Amazon (company), an American multinational technology co ...

'' * '' Angelica virus Y'' * ''

Apium virus Y ''Apium virus Y'' (ApVY) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus ''Potyvirus'' and the virus family ''Potyviridae''. Apium virus Y is a recently described member of the potyvirus family. It was first found in Australia in 2002 in poison hemlo ...

'' * ''

Araujia mosaic virus ''Araujia'' is a small genus of perennial vines in the dogbane family first described as a genus in 1817. The group is native to South America.Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Va ...

'' * '' Arracacha mottle virus'' * ''

Asparagus virus 1 Asparagus virus 1 (AV-1) is one of the nine known viruses that infects Asparagus (genus), asparagus plants. It is a member of the genus Potyvirus in the family ''Potyviridae''. Initially reported by G. L Hein in 1960, it causes no distinct sympt ...

'' * '' Banana bract mosaic virus'' * '' Barbacena virus Y'' * '' Basella rugose mosaic virus'' * ''

Bean common mosaic necrosis virus A bean is the seed of several plants in the family Fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food. They can be cooked in many different ways, including boiling, frying, and baking, and are used in many traditional dishes thr ...

'' * ''

Bean common mosaic virus A bean is the seed of several plants in the family Fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food. They can be cooked in many different ways, including boiling, frying, and baking, and are used in many traditional dishes thr ...

'' * '' Bean yellow mosaic virus'' * ''

Beet mosaic virus Beet mosaic virus (BtMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Potyviridae ''Potyviridae'' is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses that encompasses more than 30% of known plant viruses, many of which are of great agricultural signif ...

'' * '' Begonia flower breaking virus'' * '' Bidens mosaic virus'' * ''

Bidens mottle virus ''Bidens mottle virus'' (BiMoV) is a pathogenic plant virus in the plant virus family ''Potyviridae''. BiMoV is a flexuous filamentous particle, 720 nm long, and belongs to the Potyviridae genus ''Potyvirus''. Like other viruses in this gen ...

'' * '' Blue squill virus A'' * '' Brugmansia mosaic virus'' * '' Brugmansia suaveolens mottle virus'' * '' Butterfly flower mosaic virus'' * '' Calanthe mild mosaic virus'' * '' Calla lily latent virus'' * '' Callistephus mottle virus'' * '' Canna yellow streak virus'' * '' Carnation vein mottle virus'' * '' Carrot thin leaf virus'' * '' Carrot virus Y'' * '' Catharanthus mosaic virus'' * ''

Celery mosaic virus Celery mosaic virus (CeMV) is a Plant virus, plant pathogenic virus in the genus'' Potyvirus '' and the virus family '' Potyviridae ''. In California, mosaic diseases of celery (''Apium graveolens'') were reported as early as 1922. After some t ...

'' * '' Ceratobium mosaic virus'' * '' Chilli ringspot virus'' * '' Chilli veinal mottle virus'' * '' Chinese artichoke mosaic virus'' * '' Clitoria virus Y'' * ''

Clover yellow vein virus '' Clover yellow vein virus'' (ClYVV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus ''Potyvirus'' and the virus family '' Potyviridae''. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, ClYVV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA su ...

'' * '' Cocksfoot streak virus'' * '' Colombian datura virus'' * ''

Commelina mosaic virus ''Commelina mosaic virus'' (CoMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus ''Potyvirus'' and the virus family '' Potyviridae''. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, CoMV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surro ...

'' * '' Costus stripe mosaic virus'' * '' Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus'' * '' Cucurbit vein banding virus'' * '' Cypripedium virus Y'' * '' Cyrtanthus elatus virus A'' * '' Daphne mosaic virus'' * ''

Daphne virus Y Daphne (; ; el, Δάφνη, , ), a minor figure in Greek mythology, is a naiad, a variety of female nymph associated with fountains, wells, springs, streams, brooks and other bodies of freshwater. There are several versions of the myth in whi ...

Lettuce mosaic virus ''Lettuce mosaic virus'' (LMV) is a typical potyvirus (genus ''Potyvirus'', family ''Potyviridae''), which causes one of the major virus diseases of lettuce crops worldwide. LMV is seed-borne at a low but significant rate (1-10% of the seeds pro ...

'' * '' Lily mottle virus'' * '' Lily virus Y'' * '' Lupinus mosaic virus'' * '' Lycoris mild mottle virus'' * ''

Maize dwarf mosaic virus ''Maize dwarf mosaic virus'' (MDMV) is a pathogenic plant virus of the family ''Potyviridae''. Depending on the corn plant’s growth stage, the virus can have severe implications to the corn plant’s development which can also result in economi ...

'' * ''

Malva vein clearing virus ''Malva vein clearing virus'' also known as MVCV is a species of ''Potyvirus'' in the family '' Potyviridae'' that was isolated in 1957 from '' Malva sylvestris'' in Germany which is transmitted by the aphids '' Aphis umbrella'' and '' Myzus per ...

'' * '' Mashua virus Y'' * '' Meadow saffron breaking virus'' * '' Mediterranean ruda virus'' * '' Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus'' * ''

Narcissus degeneration virus ''Narcissus degeneration virus'' (NDV) is a plant pathogenic ''Potyvirus'' of the family ''Potyviridae'' which infects plants of the genus ''Narcissus''. It is one of the most serious and prevalent of the approximately 21 viruses which infect th ...

'' * '' Narcissus late season yellows virus'' * '' Narcissus yellow stripe virus'' * '' Nerine yellow stripe virus'' * ''

Noni mosaic virus ''Morinda citrifolia'' is a fruit-bearing tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. Its native range extends across Southeast Asia and Australasia, and was spread across the Pacific by Polynesian sailors. The species is now cultivated throughout t ...

'' * '' Nothoscordum mosaic virus'' * '' Onion yellow dwarf virus'' * '' Ornithogalum mosaic virus'' * '' Ornithogalum virus 2'' * '' Ornithogalum virus 3'' * ''

Panax virus Y The ''Panax'' ( ginseng) genus belongs to the ''Araliaceae'' (ivy) family. ''Panax'' species are characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin. ''Panax'' is one of approximately 60 plant genera with a classical disjunct east Asian ...

Plum pox virus A plum is a fruit of some species in Prunus subg. Prunus, ''Prunus'' subg. ''Prunus'.'' Dried plums are called prunes. History Plums may have been one of the first fruits domesticated by humans. Three of the most abundantly cultivated spe ...

'' * '' Pokeweed mosaic virus'' * ''

Potato virus A Potato virus A (PVA) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Potyviridae''. See also * Viral diseases of potato Viral diseases of potato are a group of diseases caused by different types of viruses that affect potato crops worldwide and, ...

'' * ''

Potato virus V Potato virus V (PVV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family '' Potyviridae''. External linksICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Potato virus V Potato virus Y Potato virus Y (PVY) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Potyviridae'', and one of the most important plant viruses affecting potato production. PVY infection of potato plants results in a variety of symptoms depending on the viral stra ...

'' * '' Potato yellow blotch virus'' * '' Ranunculus leaf distortion virus'' * '' Ranunculus mild mosaic virus'' * '' Ranunculus mosaic virus'' * '' Rhopalanthe virus Y'' * '' Saffron latent virus'' * '' Sarcochilus virus Y'' * '' Scallion mosaic virus'' * '' Shallot yellow stripe virus'' * '' Sorghum mosaic virus'' * ''

Soybean mosaic virus Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a member of the plant virus genus ''Potyvirus'' (family Potyviridae). It infects mainly plants belonging to the family Fabaceae but has also been found infecting other economically important crops. SMV is the cause o ...

'' * '' Spiranthes mosaic virus 3'' * '' Sudan watermelon mosaic virus'' * ''

Sugarcane mosaic virus ''Sugarcane mosaic virus'' (SCMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Potyviridae''. The virus was first noticed in Puerto Rico in 1916 and spread rapidly throughout the southern United States in the early 1920s. SCMV is of great concern ...

'' * '' Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus'' * '' Sunflower mild mosaic virus'' * '' Sunflower mosaic virus'' * '' Sunflower ring blotch virus'' * '' Sweet potato feathery mottle virus'' * '' Sweet potato latent virus'' * '' Sweet potato mild speckling virus'' * '' Sweet potato virus 2'' * '' Sweet potato virus C'' * '' Sweet potato virus G'' * '' Tamarillo leaf malformation virus'' * '' Telfairia mosaic virus'' * '' Telosma mosaic virus'' * '' Thunberg fritillary mosaic virus'' * '' Tobacco etch virus'' * '' Tobacco mosqueado virus'' * '' Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus'' * ''

Tobacco vein mottling virus Tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Potyviridae'', first described in 1972. It is found in the United States in tobacco plants. It is spread between plants by aphids Aphids are small sap-sucking in ...

'' * '' Tomato necrotic stunt virus'' * '' Tradescantia mild mosaic virus'' * '' Tuberose mild mosaic virus'' * '' Tuberose mild mottle virus'' * ''

Tulip breaking virus ''Tulip breaking virus'' is one of five plant viruses of the family ''Potyviridae'' that cause color-breaking of tulip flowers. These viruses infect plants in only two genera of the family Liliaceae: tulips (''Tulipa'') and lilies (''Lilium''). ...

'' * '' Tulip mosaic virus'' * ''

Turnip mosaic virus Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is a ''Potyvirus'' of the family ''Potyviridae'' that causes diseases in cruciferous plants, among others. The virus is usually spread by 40-50 species of aphids in a non-persistent manner. Infected plants, especiall ...

'' * '' Twisted-stalk chlorotic streak virus'' * '' Ugandan passiflora virus'' * '' Vallota mosaic virus'' * '' Vanilla distortion mosaic virus'' * ''

Verbena virus Y ''Verbena'' (), also known as vervain or verveine, is a genus in the family Verbenaceae. It contains about 150 species of annual and perennial herbaceous or semi-woody flowering plants. The majority of the species are native to the Americas ...

'' * '' Watermelon leaf mottle virus'' * ''

Watermelon mosaic virus ''Watermelon mosaic virus'' (WMV) also known as Marrow mosaic virus (Raychaudhuri and Varma, 1975; Varma, 1988), Melon mosaic virus (Iwaki et al., 1984; Komuro, 1962), and until recently Watermelon mosaic virus type 2 (WMV-2), is a plant pathogen ...

'' * '' Wild melon banding virus'' * '' Wild onion symptomless virus'' * '' Wild potato mosaic virus'' * '' Wild tomato mosaic virus'' * '' Wisteria vein mosaic virus'' * '' Yam mild mosaic virus'' * '' Yam mosaic virus'' * '' Yambean mosaic virus'' * '' Zantedeschia mild mosaic virus'' * ''

Zea mosaic virus Zea may refer to: Nature * ''Zea'' (plant), a genus of large grasses, including: **''Zea mays'', commonly known as maize or corn * ''Zea'' (skipper), a genus of butterflies *'' Helicoverpa zea'', the corn earworm, a major agricultural pest *ZEA ...

'' * '' Zucchini shoestring virus'' * '' Zucchini tigre mosaic virus'' * '' Zucchini yellow fleck virus'' * '' Zucchini yellow mosaic virus'' A further four viruses were previously classified as species in this genus but were abolished due to lack of genetic sequence information: * ''Cowpea green vein banding virus'' * ''Groundnut eyespot virus'' * ''Helenium virus Y'' * ''Tropaeolum mosaic virus''

Species groups

Potyviruses were further divided into the PVY, SCMV, BYMV, BCMV species groups in 1992. Gibbs and Ohshima 2010 produced a more extensive molecular phylogeny with the same four, but also several new groups: the BtMV, ChVMV, DaMV, OYDV, PRSV, TEV, and TuMV.

PVY

Contains 16 species including the type species of the genus (potato virus Y). The primary hosts are: Nine

Solanaceae The Solanaceae , or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and orn ...

, three '' Amaranthus'', three

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

, one '' Lilium'', and one '' Amaryllis''.

References

Bibliography

* *

External links

UniProt taxonomy: ''Potyvirus''

ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3400142 Virus genera Potyviruses Viral plant pathogens and diseases