Tulchyn (,
translit.
Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping letters (thus '' trans-'' + '' liter-'') in predictable ways, such as Greek → , Cyrillic → , Greek → the digraph , Armenian → or ...
''Tul’chyn'', old name ''Nesterwar'' (from
Hungarian ''Nester'' -
Dniester
The Dniester, ; rus, Дне́стр, links=1, Dnéstr, ˈdⁿʲestr; ro, Nistru; grc, Τύρᾱς, Tyrās, ; la, Tyrās, la, Danaster, label=none, ) ( ,) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and th ...
and ''war'' -town),
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
Tulcinum, pl, Tulczyn, yi, טולטשין, ro, Tulcin) is a town in
Vinnytsia Oblast
Vinnytsia Oblast ( uk, Ві́нницька о́бласть, translit=Vinnytska oblast; ; also referred to as Vinnychchyna — uk, Ві́нниччина) is an oblast of western and southwestern Ukraine. Its administrative center is Vinnytsia. ...
(
province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...
) of western
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
, former
Podolia
Podolia or Podilia ( uk, Поділля, Podillia, ; russian: Подолье, Podolye; ro, Podolia; pl, Podole; german: Podolien; be, Падолле, Padollie; lt, Podolė), is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-central ...
. It is the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of
Tulchyn Raion
Tulchyn Raion ( uk, Тульчинський район) is one of the six regions of Vinnytsia Oblast, located in southwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion is the town of Tulchyn. Population:
On 18 July 2020, as part of the a ...
(
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
), and was the chief centre of the Southern Society of the
Decembrists
The Decembrist Revolt ( ru , Восстание декабристов, translit = Vosstaniye dekabristov , translation = Uprising of the Decembrists) took place in Russia on , during the interregnum following the sudden death of Emperor Ale ...
,
Pavel Pestel
Colonel Pavel Ivanovich Pestel (russian: Павел Иванович Пестель; in Moscow – in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian revolutionary and ideologue of the Decembrists.
Early life
Pestel came from a Lutheran family of Saxo ...
was located there during planning of the rebellion. The city is also known for being the home to
Ukrainian composer Mykola Leontovych
Mykola Dmytrovych Leontovych (23 January 1921; ua, Микола Дмитрович Леонтович, link=no (); also Leontovich) was a Ukrainian composer, conductor, ethnomusicologist and teacher. His music was inspired by the Ukrainian ...
who produced several of this choral masterpieces (including world famous "
Carol of the bells
"Carol of the Bells" is a popular Christmas carol, with music by Ukrainian composer Mykola Leontovych in 1914 and lyrics by Peter J. Wilhousky. The song is based on the Ukrainian folk chant " Shchedryk". The music is in the public domain; Wil ...
") when he lived here. An important landmark of the city is the palace of the
Potocki family
The House of Potocki (; plural: Potoccy, male: Potocki, feminine: Potocka) was a prominent Polish noble family in the Kingdom of Poland and magnates of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Potocki family is one of the wealthiest and ...
, built according to the principles of
Palladian architecture
Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from the work of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is today recognised as Palladian architecture evolved from his concepts of symmetry, perspective and ...
according to the plans drafted by
Joseph Lacroix
Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the mo ...
during the 1780s. Polish patriot
Józef Wysocki (general)
Józef Wysocki ( hu, Wysocki József; 1809, Tulchyn – 1873, Paris) was a Polish general, soldier in the November Uprising of 1830, the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 or fully Hungarian Civic Revolution and W ...
was born in Tulchin in 1809, author of ''Pamietnik Jenerala Wysockiego, Dowodcy Legionu Polskiego Na Wegrzech Z Czasu Kampanii Wegierskiej W Roku 1848 i 1849.'' Population:
History
![Tulchyn, Great Synagogue](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Tulchyn%2C_Great_Synagogue.jpg)
Polish ''Tulczyn'' was first mentioned in 1607. It was a
royal city
Royal may refer to:
People
* Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name
* A member of a royal family
Places United States
* Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community
* Royal, Illinois, a village
* Royal, Iowa, a ...
in the
Bracław Voivodeship
pl, Województwo bracławskie uk, Брацлавське воєводство
, subdivision = Voivodeship
, nation = Poland¹
, year_start = 1566
, event_end = Third partition
, year_end = 1793
, date_end = 24 October
, p1 ...
of the
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Latin: ''Corona Regni Poloniae''), known also as the Polish Crown, is the common name for the historic Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, includ ...
. In 1609 King
Sigismund III Vasa
Sigismund III Vasa ( pl, Zygmunt III Waza, lt, Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632
N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 to ...
granted the town to
Walenty Aleksander Kalinowski. Until 1728 Tulchin was part of the estates of the Polish magnates of the
Kalinowski family
Kalinowski was a notable Polish noble family that belonged to a limited and small circle of Magnates of Poland and Lithuania.
History
Like many other Szlachta houses of the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Duchy of Rut ...
(other distinguished members of Tulchin family were
Adam Kalinowski
Adam; el, Ἀδάμ, Adám; la, Adam is the name given in Genesis 1-5 to the first human. Beyond its use as the name of the first man, ''adam'' is also used in the Bible as a pronoun, individually as "a human" and in a collective sense as " ...
and
Marcin Kalinowski
Marcin Kalinowski (c. 1605 – 1652) was a Polish magnate and nobleman (szlachcic), Kalinowa coat of arms, Field Crown Hetman. He was the son of Walenty Aleksander Kalinowski who fell at the Battle of Cecora (1620).
He began his studies in Po ...
), and then passed into the hands of
Stanisław Potocki bypassing other Kalinowskis' branch, then in 1734 to
Franciszek Salezy Potocki
Franciszek Salezy Potocki (1700–1772) was a Polish nobleman, diplomat, politician and knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded on August 3, 1750 in Warsaw. Potocki was the wealthiest magnate of his time and the owner of large properti ...
and his son
Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki
Count Stanisław Szczęsny Feliks Potocki (; 1751–1805), of the Piława coat of arms, known as Szczęsny PotockiE. Rostworowski, Potocki Stanisław Szczęsny (Feliks) herbu Pilawa, n:Polski Słownik Biograficzny, t. XXVIII, Wrocław–Warszawa ...
, who was the most memorable and infamous member of the Tulczyn branch of the Potocki family. During the
Targowica confederation
The Targowica Confederation ( pl, konfederacja targowicka, , lt, Targovicos konfederacija) was a Confederation (Poland), confederation established by Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish and Lithuanian magnates on 27 April 1792, in Saint Pe ...
Tulchin was the headquarters of the confederates. Mieczysław Potocki sold Tulchin to his brother-in-law Grzegorz Strogonow, who sold it to Piotr Oldenburski, who in turn sold it to Russian Imperial Treasury. Ancient archives of the Polish magnate families of Struś, Łaszcz, Mniszech, Modrzewski,
Potocki
The House of Potocki (; plural: Potoccy, male: Potocki, feminine: Potocka) was a prominent Polish noble family in the Kingdom of Poland and magnates of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Potocki family is one of the wealthiest and ...
, and
Tarło collected at the palace, were lost during these transfers in ownership, while furniture and art collections were shipped to Paris, where Mieczysław Potocki resided. After the
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
-
Odessa
Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...
train line had been built Tulchin went into economic decay. Prior to
October Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...
Tulchin was home a large
Jewish
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
population, and there were two trade fairs, July 24 and October 1 each year, and separate 26 market days annually. Between 1917 and 1920 the town frequently changed ownership, between the Poles, the
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
,
White Russians and Ukrainians.
During World War II, the German conquerors turned over Tulchyn and the surrounding area to Romanian control. After first being confined to a ghetto, most Jews from Tulchyn were deported to the nearby
Pechora concentration camp
Pechora (also Pechera or Pecioara; Russian: Печера or Печора) was a concentration camp operated by Romania during World War II in the village of Pechora, now in Ukraine.
The concentration camp was established on the gated grounds of wh ...
where they perished.
The area was liberated by the
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...
in March 1944.
The current estimated population is around 13,500 (as of 2005).
Gallery
File:Tulchyn Suvorov SAM 0863.JPG, Dominican Church in Tulchyn
File:Kostjol tulchin.jpg, Catholic church
File:Успенська церква DSC 0899.JPG, Church of the Assumption
File:Тульчин - Малий (новий) палац Потоцьких DSC 0773.JPG, New Potocki Palace in Tulchyn
File:Тульчинський краєзнавчий музей P1400059.jpg, City museum
Personalities
*
Stanisław Trembecki
Stanisław Trembecki (8 May 1739 – 12 December 1812) was a Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
*Polish broth ...
(1739–1812), Polish poet
*
Włodzimierz Potocki (1789-1812), Polish Count, artillery colonel
*
Mieczysław Potocki
Mieczysław () or Mečislovas (Lithuanian) is a Slavic name of Polish origin and consists of two parts: miecz "sword", and sław "glory, famous". Feminine form: Mieczysława. Alternate form: Mieszko.
This name may refer to:
People Mečislovas
*M ...
(1799-1878), Polish
magnate
The magnate term, from the late Latin ''magnas'', a great man, itself from Latin ''magnus'', "great", means a man from the higher nobility, a man who belongs to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or ot ...
, owner of estates in Tulczyn, one of the richest Poles in the 19th century
*
Alexander Veltman
Alexander Fomich Veltman (russian: Алекса́ндр Фоми́ч Ве́льтман) ( — ) was one of the most successful Russian prose writers of the 1830s and 1840s, "popular for various modes of Romantic fiction — historical, Gothic ...
(1800-1870), the Russian writer, was stationed here for some years (and met
Pushkin
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (; rus, links=no, Александр Сергеевич ПушкинIn pre-Revolutionary script, his name was written ., r=Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ ˈpuʂkʲɪn, ...
here)
*
Józef Wysocki
Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the mo ...
(1809-1873), Polish military commander,
general
A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of highest military ranks, high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry.
In some usages the term "general officer" refers t ...
of
Polish Army
The Land Forces () are the land forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 62,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stret ...
, participant of Polish National Uprisings and the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
*
Marian Dziewicki
Marian may refer to:
People
* Mari people, a Finno-Ugric ethnic group in Russia
* Marian (given name), a list of people with the given name
* Marian (surname), a list of people so named
Places
*Marian, Iran (disambiguation)
* Marian, Queensland, ...
(1872-1935), Polish lawyer, President of
Wilno
Vilnius ( , ; see also #Etymology and other names, other names) is the capital and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389 (according to the state register) or 625,107 (according to the munic ...
, local government activist
*
Bronisław Matyjewicz-Maciejewicz (1882-1911), Polish aviator
*
Mykola Leontovych
Mykola Dmytrovych Leontovych (23 January 1921; ua, Микола Дмитрович Леонтович, link=no (); also Leontovich) was a Ukrainian composer, conductor, ethnomusicologist and teacher. His music was inspired by the Ukrainian ...
(1877-1921), the Ukrainian composer (who composed the
Carol of the Bells
"Carol of the Bells" is a popular Christmas carol, with music by Ukrainian composer Mykola Leontovych in 1914 and lyrics by Peter J. Wilhousky. The song is based on the Ukrainian folk chant " Shchedryk". The music is in the public domain; Wil ...
), lived here
*
Sophie Tucker
Sophie Tucker (born Sofia Kalish; January 13, 1886 – February 9, 1966) was an American singer, comedian, actress, and radio personality. Known for her powerful delivery of comical and risqué songs, she was one of the most popular entertaine ...
, Ukrainian-born American singer, comedian, actress, and radio personality
References
Notes
Sources
* Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich,(1880–1914) Tom (vol.) XII, pages 611–613.
{{Authority control
Cities in Vinnytsia Oblast
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1607 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Bratslav Voivodeship
Bratslavsky Uyezd
Cities of district significance in Ukraine
Tulchyn Raion