Tulalip Tribes Of The Tulalip Reservation, Washington
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The Tulalip Tribes of Washington (, lut, dxʷlilap), formerly known as the Tulalip Tribes of the Tulalip Reservation, is a
federally recognized tribe This is a list of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States of America. There are also federally recognized Alaska Native tribes. , 574 Indian tribes were legally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United ...
of
Duwamish Duwamish may refer to: * Duwamish tribe, a Native American tribe in Washington state * Duwamish River, in Washington state * ''Duwamish'' (fireboat) See also * Elliott Bay Elliott Bay is a part of the Central Basin region of Puget Sound. It is ...
, Snohomish, Snoqualmie, Skagit, Suiattle,
Samish The Samish are a Native American people who live in the U.S. state of Washington. They are a Central Coast Salish people. Through the years, they were assigned to reservations dominated by other Tribes, for instance, the Swinomish Indians of th ...
, and
Stillaguamish people Stillaguamish people ( lut, stuləgʷábš) are a Native American tribe located in northwest Washington in the United States near the city of Arlington, Washington, near the river that bears their name, the Stillaguamish River. They are an indi ...
. They are South and Central
Coast Salish people The Coast Salish is a group of ethnically and linguistically related Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, living in the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon. They speak one of the Coast ...
s of
indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast The Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast are composed of many nations and tribal affiliations, each with distinctive cultural and political identities. They share certain beliefs, traditions and prac ...
. Their tribes are located in the mid-
Puget Sound Puget Sound ( ) is a sound of the Pacific Northwest, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean, and part of the Salish Sea. It is located along the northwestern coast of the U.S. state of Washington. It is a complex estuarine system of interconnected ma ...
region of
Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...
. In November 2002, John McCoy, a Tulalip leader, was elected to the Washington State legislature, retired in April 2020. For a time he served as the only Native American in the legislature, joining Jeff Morris, an Alaskan Native (Tsimpshian) who was elected in 1996 with two other Alaskan Natives, Dino Rossi (Tlinget) and Jim Dunn (Aleut). In 2002 the Tulalip Tribes also exerted political power by allying with other tribes across the state and defeating a state Supreme Court candidate "with a long track record of opposing tribal interests."


Name

The term ''Tulalip'' (originally lut, dxʷlilap) comes from the
Snohomish dialect Lushootseed (txʷəlšucid, dxʷləšúcid), also Puget Salish, Puget Sound Salish or Skagit-Nisqually, is a language made up of a dialect continuum of several Salish tribes of modern-day Washington state. Lushootseed is one of the Coast Salish ...
. It was used in 1855 to describe the tribes who joined together on the Tulalip Reservation established by treaty with the federal government. They included the
Duwamish Duwamish may refer to: * Duwamish tribe, a Native American tribe in Washington state * Duwamish River, in Washington state * ''Duwamish'' (fireboat) See also * Elliott Bay Elliott Bay is a part of the Central Basin region of Puget Sound. It is ...
, Snohomish, Snoqualmie, Skagit, Suiattle,
Samish The Samish are a Native American people who live in the U.S. state of Washington. They are a Central Coast Salish people. Through the years, they were assigned to reservations dominated by other Tribes, for instance, the Swinomish Indians of th ...
, and
Stillaguamish people Stillaguamish people ( lut, stuləgʷábš) are a Native American tribe located in northwest Washington in the United States near the city of Arlington, Washington, near the river that bears their name, the Stillaguamish River. They are an indi ...
s, all of whom are South and Central
Coast Salish people The Coast Salish is a group of ethnically and linguistically related Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, living in the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon. They speak one of the Coast ...
s.


Reservation

The Tulalip Indian Reservation was established by the
Treaty of Point Elliot The Treaty of Point Elliott of 1855, or the Point Elliott Treaty,—also known as Treaty of Point Elliot (with one ''t'') / Point Elliott Treaty—is the lands settlement treaty between the United States government and the Native American tribes ...
in 1855 and by Executive Order of US President
Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant ; April 27, 1822July 23, 1885) was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. As Commanding General, he led the Union Ar ...
on January 22, 1873. The reservation lies on
Port Susan Port Susan is a bay and strait located in the U.S. state of Washington. Part of the Whidbey Island Basin of Puget Sound, Port Susan is bounded by Camano Island to the west and the mainland to the east. The Stillaguamish River empties into the nort ...
in western
Snohomish County Snohomish County () is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. With a population of 827,957 as of the 2020 census, it is the third-most populous county in Washington, after nearby King and Pierce counties, and the 75th-most populous ...
, adjacent to the western border of the city of Marysville. It has a land area of and a 2000 census population of 9,246 persons residing within its boundaries. Its largest community is
Tulalip Bay Tulalip Bay is a former census-designated place (CDP) in western Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 1,561 at the 2000 census. The CDP was discontinued at the 2010 census. It is the largest community within the reserva ...
. The Tulalip people settled onto reservation lands after signing the
Point Elliott Treaty The Treaty of Point Elliott of 1855, or the Point Elliott Treaty,—also known as Treaty of Point Elliot (with one ''t'') / Point Elliott Treaty—is the lands settlement treaty between the United States government and the Native American tribes ...
with the former
Washington Territory The Territory of Washington was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. It was created from the ...
on January 22, 1855. The reservation now comprises the western half of the Marysville-Tulalip community, which was divided by the 20th-century construction of
Interstate 5 Interstate 5 (I-5) is the main north–south Interstate Highway on the West Coast of the United States, running largely parallel to the Pacific coast of the contiguous U.S. from Mexico to Canada. It travels through the states of Califor ...
. Marysville is an incorporated city and lies east of the freeway. The
Marysville School District Marysville School District No. 25 is a public school district in Marysville, Washington, United States. It serves the city of Marysville and members of the nearby Tulalip Tribes. In May 2013, the district had an enrollment of 11,426 students. I ...
serves both the city and the reservation. To accommodate a growing population, in 2008 it opened three new schools, built of prefab, modular units that operate and look like traditional construction, at its site on the reservation. This large campus is now called the Marysville Secondary Campus; it contains Heritage High School,
Marysville Arts and Technology High School Marysville Mountain View Arts and Technology High School, located in Marysville, Washington, USA.Mountain View Arts and Technology High School was a public secondary school for grades 9-12 and is part of the Marysville School District Marysvi ...
, and an elementary school. The two high schools share a gym and commons center.


Economy

The tribe has developed
Quil Ceda Village Quil Ceda Village ( in Lushootseed) is a municipality established by the federally recognized Tulalip Tribes of Washington within the Tulalip Indian Reservation in Snohomish County. It includes the Quil Ceda Village Business Park, a commercial de ...
as a municipality within the reservation. It also developed a business park to provide jobs and tax income for the tribe, and to diversify its economy. Situated alongside
Interstate 5 Interstate 5 (I-5) is the main north–south Interstate Highway on the West Coast of the United States, running largely parallel to the Pacific coast of the contiguous U.S. from Mexico to Canada. It travels through the states of Califor ...
, the business park includes the tribe's first gaming casino, Quil Ceda Creek Casino; the second, the $72 million Tulalip Resort Casino, and a $130 million associated 12-story luxury hotel. Retail businesses include
Walmart Walmart Inc. (; formerly Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets (also called supercenters), discount department stores, and grocery stores from the United States, headquarter ...
and
Home Depot The Home Depot, Inc., is an American multinational corporation, multinational home improvement retail corporation that sells tools, construction products, appliances, and services, including fuel and transportation rentals. Home Depot is the l ...
. In 2004, the tribe signed a deal with Chelsea Property Group to develop an outlet mall on the reservation. The company agreed to develop 100 to 120 stores on 47 acres of land near the tribe's casino and the Quil Ceda Business Park. The contract is expected to yield $1.2 million annually in revenues for the tribe. The deal runs for 75 years. The outlet mall, Seattle Premium Outlet, opened in 2005; a variety of restaurants have also opened. In August 2011, the tribe opened the on the reservation. The center includes museum exhibits of Tulalip history and artifacts, classrooms, an archaeological repository, a
longhouse A longhouse or long house is a type of long, proportionately narrow, single-room building for communal dwelling. It has been built in various parts of the world including Asia, Europe, and North America. Many were built from timber and often rep ...
, and research library. Attached is a nature preserve.


Communities

*
Cathan Saint Cathan, also known as Catan, Cattan, etc., was a 6th-century Irish monk revered as a saint in parts of the Scottish Hebrides. Source Material This Saint appears in the ''Aberdeen Breviary'', Walter Bower's ''Scotichronicon'', and the ''Ac ...
* John Sam Lake * Priest Point *
Quil Ceda Village Quil Ceda Village ( in Lushootseed) is a municipality established by the federally recognized Tulalip Tribes of Washington within the Tulalip Indian Reservation in Snohomish County. It includes the Quil Ceda Village Business Park, a commercial de ...
* Shaker Church * Stimson Crossing *
Tulalip Bay Tulalip Bay is a former census-designated place (CDP) in western Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The population was 1,561 at the 2000 census. The CDP was discontinued at the 2010 census. It is the largest community within the reserva ...
* Weallup Lake


Government

The Tulalip Tribes are headquartered in Tulalip, Washington. The tribe is governed by a seven-member, democratically elected General Council, whose members fill designated roles as officers and boardmembers. The current tribal administration is as follows: * Chairwoman: Teri Gobin * Vice Chairwoman: Misty Napeahi * Treasurer: Pat Contraro * Secretary: Debra Posey * Board member: Melvin Sheldon, Jr. * Board member: Hazen Shopbell * Board member: Marie Zackuse The Tulalip Tribes has defined its rules for membership in the tribe. Membership is based on January 1, 1935 Tulalip census roll; new applicants must prove descent from persons on that roll and that their parents were residents of the Tulalip Reservation at the time of the individual's birth. It does not require a minimum
blood quantum Blood quantum laws or Indian blood laws are laws in the United States that define Native American status by fractions of Native American ancestry. These laws were enacted by the federal government and state governments as a way to establ ...
.


Judicial system: Pilot project of VAWA 2013

The
US Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point of ...
's majority opinion in ''
Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe ''Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe'', 435 U.S. 191 (1978), is a United States Supreme Court case deciding that Indian tribal courts have no criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians.. The case was decided on March 6, 1978 with a 6–2 majority. Th ...
'' (1978) affirmed that
tribal court Tribal sovereignty in the United States is the concept of the inherent authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States. Originally, the U.S. federal government recognized American Indian tri ...
s were not allowed to have jurisdiction over a non-Indian person in a criminal case on the reservation. Through the passage of the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 (VAWA 2013), signed into law on March 7, 2013 by President
Barack Obama Barack Hussein Obama II ( ; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, Obama was the first African-American president of the U ...
, tribal courts have been authorized to exercise special criminal jurisdiction over certain crimes of domestic and dating violence. This new law generally took effect on March 7, 2015. It also authorized a voluntary "Pilot Project" to allow certain tribes to begin exercising special jurisdiction beginning February 20, 2014.Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation are the federally recognized confederations of three Sahaptin-speaking Native American tribes who traditionally inhabited the Columbia River Plateau region: the Cayuse, Umatilla, and ...
(
Oregon Oregon () is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of it ...
), the
Pascua Yaqui Tribe The Pascua Yaqui Tribe of Arizonais a federally recognized tribe of Yaqui Native Americans in state of Arizona. Descended from the Yaqui people whose original homelands include the Yaqui River valley in western Sonora, Mexico and southern Arizon ...
(
Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...
), and the Tulalip Tribes of Washington.


Language

The tribes speak
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
and
Lushootseed Lushootseed (txʷəlšucid, dxʷləšúcid), also Puget Salish, Puget Sound Salish or Skagit-Nisqually, is a language made up of a dialect continuum of several Salish tribes of modern-day Washington state. Lushootseed is one of the Coast Salish ...
, a Central
Salish language The Salish or Séliš language , also known as Kalispel–Pend d'oreille, Kalispel–Spokane–Flathead, or Montana Salish to distinguish it from other Salishan languages, is a Salishan language spoken (as of 2005) by about 64 elders of the Fla ...
. The language is written in the
Latin script The Latin script, also known as Roman script, is an alphabetic writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae, in southern Italy ...
. A dictionary and grammar have been published. The tribe established its own language department in the 1990s to promote and preserve the use of Lushootseed across the region.
Marysville Pilchuck High School Marysville Pilchuck High School, located in Marysville, Washington, is a public secondary school serving grades 9–12. It is part of the Marysville School District. History MPHS is a combination of two local schools. The first high school in Ma ...
began offering Lushootseed classes to its students in 2019.


Economic development

The Tulalip Tribes own and operate Tulalip Bingo, Quil Ceda Deli, Tulalip Casino, Canoes Carvery, Cedars Cafe, Eagles Buffet, Tulalip Bay Restaurant, Journeys East, The Draft Sports Bar & Grill, Tulalip Resort Casino, Quil Ceda Creek Nightclub and Casino, Torch Grill, and Q Burgers, all located in Tulalip, Washington. With revenues generated by their successful casinos, they have invested and developed other businesses to diversify their economy. The tribe began development of a major shopping and business center along Interstate 5 in the 1990s, aiming to attract the auxiliary support facility of
Naval Station Everett Naval Station Everett (NAVSTA Everett) is a military installation located in the city of Everett, Washington, north of Seattle. The naval station, located on the city's waterfront on the northeastern end of Puget Sound, was designed as a homepor ...
as its main tenant, but an agreement broke down. The center, named
Quil Ceda Village Quil Ceda Village ( in Lushootseed) is a municipality established by the federally recognized Tulalip Tribes of Washington within the Tulalip Indian Reservation in Snohomish County. It includes the Quil Ceda Village Business Park, a commercial de ...
, was built in the early 2000s alongside a new casino and
outlet mall An outlet store, factory outlet or factory shop is a brick and mortar or online store in which manufacturers sell their stock directly to the public. Traditionally, a factory outlet was a store attached to a factory or warehouse, sometimes allowin ...
. The Tulalip Tribes has begun to act more in local and state politics, at times in alliance with other Native American tribes in the state. In November 2002, John McCoy, a longtime Tulalip leader, was elected to the Washington state legislature, where he first served as the only Native American member. In addition, in the 2002 election, the Tulalip worked with other tribes in the state to defeat a candidate for the state Supreme Court who had a long record of opposing tribal interests. Seven other Native Americans have since been elected to the state legislature, including Julie Johnson (
Lummi The Lummi ( ; Lummi: ''Xwlemi'' ; also known as Lhaq'temish (), or ''People of the Sea''), governed by the Lummi Nation, are a Native American tribe of the Coast Salish ethnolinguistic group. They are based in the coastal area of the Pacific No ...
). Only one Native American state representative is Republican; all the others are members of the
Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to: *Democratic Party (United States) Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to: Active parties Africa *Botswana Democratic Party *Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea *Gabonese Democratic Party *Demo ...
.


Events

The tribes host numerous annual events, including Treaty Days, typically in January to commemorate the signing of the
Point Elliot Treaty The Treaty of Point Elliott of 1855, or the Point Elliott Treaty,—also known as Treaty of Point Elliot (with one ''t'') / Point Elliott Treaty—is the lands settlement treaty between the United States government and the Native American tribes ...
on January 22, 1855; First King Salmon Ceremony, to bless the fishermen and celebrate catching the first king salmon of the season; Winter Dancing; and a Veteran's
Pow Wow A powwow (also pow wow or pow-wow) is a gathering with dances held by many Native American and First Nations communities. Powwows today allow Indigenous people to socialize, dance, sing, and honor their cultures. Powwows may be private or pu ...
during the first weekend of every June.


References


Further reading

* Pritzker, Barry M. ''A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. .


External links

*
Tulalip Tribes
official website
Tulalip Tribes Codes

Tulalip Lushootseed
language project
Fishing rights / Tulalip tribes vs. Suquamish Indian tribe
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tulalip Tribes Of Washington Coast Salish Duwamish tribe Native American tribes in Washington (state) Geography of Snohomish County, Washington Federally recognized tribes in the United States Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast Tulalip Tribes