Tube-dwelling spiders (Segestriidae) are a family of
araneomorph
The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha) are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their ...
spider
Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...
s first described by
Eugène Simon in 1893.
It consists of five
genera, two large and widespread, ''
Segestria'' and ''
Ariadna
''Ariadna'' is a genus of tube-dwelling spider (family Segestriidae).
Species
, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:
*'' Ariadna abbreviata'' Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Tasmania
*''Ariadna abrilae'' Grismado, 20 ...
'', and three smaller genera, ''
Citharoceps'', ''
Gippsicola'' and ''
Indoseges''.
They are
haplogyne
The Haplogynae or haplogynes are one of the two main groups into which araneomorph spiders have traditionally been divided, the other being the Entelegynae. Morphological phylogenetic studies suggested that the Haplogynae formed a clade; more rece ...
spiders, related to the
Dysderidae
Dysderidae, also known as woodlouse hunters, sowbug-eating spiders, and cell spiders, is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837. They are found primarily in Eurasia, extending into North Africa with very few s ...
and placed in clade or superfamily
Dysderoidea.
Members of this family are easily recognized because their first three pairs of legs are arranged forward instead of two and they have six eyes instead of eight, arranged in a semicircle.
The leg structure appears to be an adaptation for living in silken tubes. Unlike those of the
atypical tarantulas, these tubes may branch and are often built in
tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...
bark fissures, as well as under stones.
Both ''Segestria'' and ''Ariadna'' live in
North America,
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout ...
,
Eurasia
Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago ...
,
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
and
New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...
, though ''Ariadna'' also lives in Australia.
Genera
, the
World Spider Catalog
The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ...
accepts the following genera:
* ''
Ariadna
''Ariadna'' is a genus of tube-dwelling spider (family Segestriidae).
Species
, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:
*'' Ariadna abbreviata'' Marsh, Stevens & Framenau, 2022 – Tasmania
*''Ariadna abrilae'' Grismado, 20 ...
''
Audouin, 1826—South America, Europe, North America, Oceania, Africa, Asia, Central America, Dominican Republic
* ''
Citharoceps''
Chamberlin, 1924—United States, Mexico
* ''
Gippsicola''
Hogg, 1900—Australia
* ''
Indoseges''
Siliwal, Das, Choudhury & Giroti, 2021—India
* ''
Segestria''
Latreille, 1804—Asia, North America, Europe, South America, Africa, New Zealand
See also
*
List of Segestriidae species
References
External links
*
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q11712
Segestriidae