Tuanku Nan Renceh
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Tuanku Nan Renceh was an Islamic cleric (
ulama In Islam, the ''ulama'' (; ar, علماء ', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ''ulema''; feminine: ''alimah'' ingularand ''aalimath'' lural are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious ...
), leader and commanding figure highly regarded in Indonesia as a fighter against the Dutch colonialism in the battle known as the
Padri War The Padri War (also called the Minangkabau War) was fought from 1803 until 1837 in West Sumatra, Indonesia between the Padri and the Adat. The Padri were Muslim clerics from Sumatra who wanted to impose Sharia in Minangkabau country in West Su ...
from 1803-1838. Not much is known about this figure, other than his charismatic status. He is also known for his commitment to upholding the
Shari'a Sharia (; ar, شريعة, sharīʿa ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the ...
. From the Dutch record, he was considered an antagonist figure, who was responsible for the violence in the Plateau of Padang. The real name of Tuanku Nan Renceh was Abdullah. He was born in Nagari Kamang in 1780 and died during the Padri War. He was a disciple of the prominent ulama of his time, Tuanku Nan Tuo.Azra, A., (2004), ''The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia: Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern 'Ulamā' in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries'', University of Hawaii Press, . After receiving Tuo's teaching, he became a ''padri'', a group of people who advocated for the puritanical approach in Islam inspired by
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab ; "The Book of Monotheism") , influences = , influenced = , children = , module = , title = Imam, Shaykh , movement = Muwahhidun (Wahhabi) , native_name = محمد بن ...
. He later became the teacher who gave birth to many padri warfighters. The arrival of three pilgrims from
Mecca Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red ...
in 1803 inspired Tuanku Nan Renceh. He then began to initiate
jihad Jihad (; ar, جهاد, jihād ) is an Arabic word which literally means "striving" or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim. In an Islamic context, it can refer to almost any effort to make personal and social life conform with Go ...
against all the perceived heresy practiced in Minangkabau society by promoting and the propagation of the
Sunnah In Islam, , also spelled ( ar, سنة), are the traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that constitute a model for Muslims to follow. The sunnah is what all the Muslims of Muhammad's time evidently saw and followed and passed ...
. His reformist vision on the societal custom including the matriarchal ''
adat Alesis Digital Audio Tape (ADAT) is a magnetic tape format used for the recording of eight digital audio tracks onto the same S-VHS tape used by consumer VCRs. Although it is a tape-based format, the term ''ADAT'' now refers to its successo ...
'' (local customary) system was challenged by the ''
penghulu Penghulu ( Jawi: ; also Pěnghulu) is the headman or chief of a region in traditional societies on the Malay archipelago in Maritime Southeast Asia. The term is currently used in Brunei and Malaysia as the community leader of the smaller country ...
s'' (headman of the traditional Minangkabau society) in some '' nagaris'' (traditional settlement), who insisted on fighting for the Minangkabau hereditary tradition, thus giving birth to the branch of padris with the conflicting approach toward the Islamic reform.Susanto, B., ''Ge(mer)lap Nasionalitas Postkolonial'', Kanisius, .


Padri War

Tuan Ko Nan Renceh was an extremist Wahabbi puritan. Nan Renceh with Tuan Ku Lintau and Tuan Ku Pasaman were at war with the ''Adat'' and would forbid cock-fighting, gambling and sireh; and forced women to cover up. Any that disagreed with their interpretation of Islam were punishable by death. They grew wealthy by enslaving the population to grow coffee and other agriculture. While forcing residents to wear white and grow beards, they would wear red.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Renceh, Tuanku Nan 1780 births Minangkabau people Indonesian Muslims Indonesian imams Padris Year of death missing