was a Japanese

domain Domain may refer to: Mathematics *Domain of a function, the set of input values for which the (total) function is defined **Domain of definition of a partial function **Natural domain of a partial function **Domain of holomorphy of a function * Do ...

of the

Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characteriz ...

. It was associated with

Mimasaka Province or was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is today northeastern Okayama Prefecture. Mimasaka bordered Bitchū, Bizen, Harima, Hōki, and Inaba Provinces. Mimasaka was landlocked, and was often ruled by the ''daimyō'' in Bizen. ...

in modern-day

Okayama Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Okayama Prefecture has a population of 1,906,464 (1 February 2018) and has a geographic area of 7,114 Square kilometre, km2 (2,746 sq mi). Okayama Prefectur ...

."Mimasaka Province" at JapaneseCastleExplorer.com
retrieved 2013-4-27. In the

han system ( ja, 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 283. or (daimyo domain) s ...

, Tsuyama was a

political Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies ...

and

economic An economy is an area of the Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution and trade, as well as Consumption (economics), consumption of Goods (economics), goods and Service (economics), services. In general, it is ...

abstraction based on periodic

cadastral A cadastre or cadaster is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property's metes-and-bounds of a country.Jo Henssen, ''Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,'/ref> Often it is represented graphically in a cad ...

surveys and projected agricultural yields. In other words, the domain was defined in terms of ''

kokudaka refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of ''koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 54 ...

'', not land area. This was different from the

feudalism Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was the combination of the legal, economic, military, cultural and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structur ...

of the West.

History

In 1600, the territory that became the Tsuyama domain formed part of the territory ruled from Okayama by

Kobayakawa Hideaki (1577 – December 1, 1602) was the fifth son of Kinoshita Iesada and the nephew of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. He was gained the rank of ''Saemon no Kami'' (左衛門督) or in China ''Shikkingo'' (執金吾) at genpuku and held the court title o ...

. However, as Hideaki died heirless in 1602, the domain was confiscated by the

shogunate , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...

. In 1603, Mori Tadamasa, the younger brother of

Oda Nobunaga was a Japanese ''daimyō'' and one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period. He is regarded as the first "Great Unifier" of Japan. Nobunaga was head of the very powerful Oda clan, and launched a war against other ''daimyō'' to unify ...

's page

Mori Ranmaru , also known as Mori Naritoshi (森成利), was the son of Mori Yoshinari, and had 5 brothers in total, from the province of Mino. He was a member of the Mori Clan, descendants of the Seiwa Genji. Biography From an early age, Ranmaru was an a ...

, was transferred to Tsuyama from the Kawanakajima Domain, and given landholdings worth 186,500

koku The is a Chinese-based Japanese unit of volume. 1 koku is equivalent to 10 or approximately , or about . It converts, in turn, to 100 shō and 1000 gō. One ''gō'' is the volume of the "rice cup", the plastic measuring cup that is supplied ...

. Up to this point, the domain was called Tsuruyama; it was with Tadamasa's entry that it became known as Tsuyama. Tadamasa was responsible for the construction of the castle town and the development of the domain's politics. In 1697, the Mori clan was transferred out of Tsuyama, and the following year,

Matsudaira Nobutomi The was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of t ...

, a great-grandson of

Yūki Hideyasu was a Japanese samurai who lived during the Azuchi–Momoyama and early Edo periods. He was the ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain in Echizen. Early life Hideyasu was born as in 1574, the second son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, by Lady Oman (also known as L ...

, was granted Tsuyama as his domain. The Matsudaira clan remained in Tsuyama until 1871. One of the Tsuyama domain's last daimyo,

Matsudaira Naritami was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late Edo period who ruled the Tsuyama Domain of Mimasaka Province. Born Tokugawa Ginnosuke (銀之助), the 16th son of the ''shōgun'' Tokugawa Ienari, Naritami was adopted by Matsudaira Naritaka of Tsuyama. ...

, achieved national prominence, as he was a son of

Tokugawa Ienari Tokugawa Ienari ( ja, 徳川家斉, November 18, 1773 – March 22, 1841) was the eleventh and longest-serving ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who held office from 1787 to 1837.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1991) ''Early Modern J ...

, and was very active in the affairs of the Tokugawa family after 1868. Naritami was also known as Matsudaira Kakudō. In 1871, the Tsuyama domain became Tsuyama Prefecture, before becoming Hōjō Prefecture and then Okayama Prefecture; the territory remains in Okayama Prefecture to the present day.

List of ''daimyōs''

The hereditary ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and n ...

s'' were head of the clan and head of the domain. * Japanese_crest_Turu_no_maru(White_background)

Mori clan, 1603–1697 ('' tozama'' 186,500 ''

'') *

Matsudaira clan The was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of th ...

1698–1868 ('' shinpan''; 100,000→50,000→100,000 ''koku'')

Simplified genealogy (Matsudaira)

Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fellow ...

, 1st Tokugawa ''shōgun'' (1543–1616; r. 1603–1605) **Yūki (Matsudaira) Hideyasu, 1st ''daimyō'' of Fukui (1574–1607) ***Naomoto, Lord of Himeji (1604–1648) **** Naonori, ''daimyō'' of Shirakawa (1642–1695) ***** I. Nobutomi, 1st ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama (cr. 1698) (1680–1721; ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama: 1698–1721) ****** II. Asagorō, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama (1716–1726; r. 1721–1726) ***** Chikakiyo, ''daimyō'' of Shirakawa (1682–1721) ****** III. Nagahiro, 3rd ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama (1720–1735; r. 1726–1735) *** Naomasa, 1st ''daimyō'' of Matsue (1601–1666) **** Chikayoshi, 1st ''daimyō'' of Hirose (1632–1717) ***** Chikatoki, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Hirose (1659–1702) ****** Chikatomo, 3rd ''daimyō'' of Hirose (1681–1728) ******* IV. Nagataka, 4th ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama (1725–1762; r. 1735–1762) ******** V. Yasuchika, 5th ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama (1752–1794; r. 1762–1794) ********* VI. Yasuharu, 6th ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama (1786–1805; r. 1794–1805) ********* VII. Naritaka, 7th ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama (1788–1838; r. 1805–1831) ********** IX. Yoshitomi, 9th ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama (1827–1871; Lord: 1855–1869; Governor: 1869–1871) ** Tokugawa Yorinobu, 1st ''daimyō'' of Kishū (1602–1671) *** Tokugawa Mitsusada, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Kishū (1627–1705) ****

Tokugawa Yoshimune was the eighth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lineage Yoshimune ...

, 8th Tokugawa ''shōgun'' (1684–1751; 5th Lord of Kishū: 1705–1716; 8th Tokugawa ''shōgun'': 1716–1745) ***** Tokugawa Munetada, 1st Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family head (1721–1765) ****** Tokugawa Harusada, 2nd Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family head (1751–1827) *******

, 11th Tokugawa ''shōgun'' (1773–1841; r. 1786–1837) ******** VIII. Matsudaira Naritami, 8th ''daimyō'' of Tsuyama (1814–1891; r. 1831–1855) Genealogy (Echizen-Matsudaira) (jp)
/ref>

References

{{Authority control Domains of Japan Tsuyama-Matsudaira clan

History

List of ''daimyōs''

Simplified genealogy (Matsudaira)

See also

References