, the folk religion of

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

, developed a diversity of schools and sects, outbranching from the original Ko-Shintō (ancient Shintō) since

Buddhism Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...

was introduced into Japan in the sixth century.

Early period schools and groups

The main Shinto schools with traditions traceable to early periods, according to authoritative published records are: ;Bukka Shintō :These were the various forms of Shintō developed by Buddhist thinkers, also known as Bukke Shintō. These doctrines combine Buddhist elements with Shintō elements ( Shinbutsu shūgō). ;Goryū Shintō :''Goryū'' refers to the Buddhist

Dharma Dharma (; sa, धर्म, dharma, ; pi, dhamma, italic=yes) is a key concept with multiple meanings in Indian religions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and others. Although there is no direct single-word translation for '' ...

lineage. This Shinto schools was part of

Ryōbu Shintō , the folk religion of Japan, developed a diversity of schools and sects, outbranching from the original Ko-Shintō (ancient Shintō) since Buddhism was introduced into Japan in the sixth century. Early period schools and groups The main Shinto s ...

. ;Hakke Shintō :The Shirakawa Hakuō House, in charge of the post of superintendent of the Ministry of Deities (

Jingi-kan The , also known as the Department of Shinto Affairs, Department of Rites, Department of Worship, as well as Council of Divinities, was a Japanese Imperial bureaucracy established in the 8th century, as part of the ''ritsuryō'' reforms. It was fi ...

) transmitted this school. Also called Shirakawa Shintō. ;Hokke Shintō :These doctrines were influenced by the

Nichiren Nichiren (16 February 1222 – 13 October 1282) was a Japanese Buddhist priest and philosopher of the Kamakura period. Nichiren declared that the Lotus Sutra alone contains the highest truth of Buddhist teachings suited for the Third Age of B ...

sect of Buddhism which incorporated

kami are the deities, divinities, spirits, phenomena or "holy powers", that are venerated in the Shinto religion. They can be elements of the landscape, forces of nature, or beings and the qualities that these beings express; they can also be the sp ...

cults within its own system. ;Inbe Shintō :This is the Inbe clan lineage and commonly held to have been created by Inbe Masamichi that was in charge of court rituals together with the

Nakatomi clan was a Japanese aristocratic kin group (''uji''). Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003)"Nakatomi," ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 39 retrieved 2013-5-5. The clan claims desce ...

. ;Ise Shintō :Transmitted by priests of the Watarai clan at the Outer Shrine (Gekū) of the Grand Shrine of Ise (Ise Jingū). It is also called Watarai Shintō. ;Jingidōke :A collective term for lineages which were mainly occupied with Shinto, these included the jingi clans (''jingi shizoku'') and clans connected to the

such as the Nakatomi and Inbe. ;Jūhachi Shintō :Yoshida Kanetomo, taught his principles in his work ''Essentials of Prime Shinto'' (''Yuiitsu Shintō myōbō yōshū''). ;Juka Shintō :Shinto explained by Japanese

Confucianists Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or a ...

. These teachings claim the unity of Shinto and Confucianism. ;Kaden Shintō :The Shinto transmitted by hereditary Shinto priests, known as ''shinshokuke'' or '' shake''. It is also called ''shake Shintō'', ''shaden Shintō'' or ''densha Shintō''. ;Kikke Shintō :Transmitted by the

Tachibana clan Tachibana clan may refer to: *Tachibana clan (kuge) (橘氏), a clan of ''kuge'' (court nobles) prominent in the Nara and Heian periods *Tachibana clan (samurai) The Tachibana clan (立花氏) was a Japanese clan of ''daimyō'' (feudal lords) d ...

. Kikke Shinto became widely known during the mid-

Edo Edo ( ja, , , "bay-entrance" or "estuary"), also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. Edo, formerly a ''jōkamachi'' (castle town) centered on Edo Castle located in Musashi Province, became the ''de facto'' capital of ...

Hōei era (1704–1710). ; Kōshin :Is a folk faith in Japan with Taoist origins, influenced by Shinto, Buddhism and other local beliefs. ; Koshintō :"Ancient Shintō". These were the various doctrines and myths of Shintō before the integration of Buddhism elements. ;Miwa-ryū Shintō :A form of Ryōbu Shintō that developed primarily at Byōdōji and Ōgorinji (Ōmiwadera), temples serving as the "parish temples" ('' jingū-ji'') of

Ōmiwa Shrine , also known as , is a Shinto shrine located in Sakurai, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The shrine is noted because it contains no sacred images or objects because it is believed to serve Mount Miwa, the mountain on which it stands. For the same reas ...

Nara Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,321,805 and has a geographic area of . Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Osaka Prefecture to the northwest, Wakayama P ...

. ;Mononobe Shintō :Based on the text ''Sendai kuji hongi taiseikyō''. ;Ōgimachi Shintō :Originated by Suika Shinto by Ōgimachi Kinmichi's (1653–1733) transmission to the sovereign and court retainers. In 1680 Kinmichi presented a Shinto oath to

Yamazaki Ansai was a Japanese philosopher and scholar. He began his career as a Buddhist monk, but eventually came to follow the teachings of Neo-Confucian Zhu Xi. He combined Neo-Confucian ideas with Shinto to create Suika Shinto. Life Early years/Budd ...

, taking up a full-scale study of Suika Shinto. ;Reisō Shintō :Buddhist Shintō (Bukka Shintō) created in the Edo period by Chōon Dō kai (1628–1695) and further developed by Jōin (1683–1739). ;Ritō Shinchi Shintō :Created by Confucian scholar Hayashi Razan (1583–1657). Razan was the only Confucian scholar officially employed by the Tokugawa government. ;Ryōbu Shintō :These are the Shintō doctrines derived from Shingon Buddhism. These doctrines relate the Inner Shrine of Ise with Dainichi of the

Womb Realm In Vajrayana Buddhism, the Womb Realm ( sa, garbhakoṣadhātu, Traditional Chinese: 胎蔵界; Pinyin: ''Tāizāngjiè''; Romanji: ''taizōkai'') is the metaphysical space inhabited by the Five Compassion Buddhas. The Womb Realm is based on the ...

(''taizōkai'') and the Outer Shrine with Dainichi of the Vajra realm (''kongōkai''). ;Sannō Shintō :

Tendai , also known as the Tendai Lotus School (天台法華宗 ''Tendai hokke shū,'' sometimes just "''hokke shū''") is a Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition (with significant esoteric elements) officially established in Japan in 806 by the Japanese m ...

sect Shintō, based on the cult of the Mountain King (Sannō) at the

Hiyoshi Taisha is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture Japan. This shrine is one of the Twenty-Two Shrines. Known before World War II as or Hie jinja, "Hiyoshi" is now the preferred spelling. It was also known as the . The head shri ...

. ;

Shugendō is a highly syncretic religion, a body of ascetic practices that originated in the Nara Period of Japan having evolved during the 7th century from an amalgamation of beliefs, philosophies, doctrines and ritual systems drawn from local fol ...

and its practitioners, ''shugen'', teaches the attainment of supranormal, magico-religious power through

ascetic Asceticism (; from the el, ἄσκησις, áskesis, exercise', 'training) is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals. Ascetics may withdraw from the world for their p ...

activities in the mountains. It was submissive to Buddhism for some time, later dividing into sects with more or less Buddhist or Koshintō influence. ;Suika Shintō :Created by

, a Confucian-Shintoist of the early Edo period. ;Taishi-ryū Shintō :Founded by Prince Shōtoku (

Shōtoku Taishi Shōtoku may refer to: * Prince Shōtoku (574-622), a politician of the Asuka period * Empress Kōken, or Empress Shōtoku (718-770), the 48th imperial ruler of Japan * Shōtoku (era) was a after ''Hōei'' and before '' Kyōhō.'' This period ...

, 574–622) and unifying Shintō, Confucianism, and Buddhism (sankyō itchi). ;Tsuchimikado Shintō :Created by the head court diviner Tsuchimikado Yasutomi. Yasutomi integrated the astrological and calendrical theories transmitted by the

Onmyōdō is a system of natural science, astronomy, almanac, divination and Magic (supernatural), magic that developed independently in Japan based on the Chinese philosophies of yin and yang and Wuxing (Chinese philosophy), wuxing (five elements). The p ...

specialists of the

Abe clan The was one of the oldest of the major Japanese clans (''uji''); and the clan retained its prominence during the Sengoku period and the Edo period.Meyer, Eva-Maria"Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit." Universität Tübingen (in German). The ...

. ;Tsushima Shintō :Originated at

Tsushima Island is an island of the Japanese archipelago situated in-between the Tsushima Strait and Korea Strait, approximately halfway between Kyushu and the Korean Peninsula. The main island of Tsushima, once a single island, was divided into two in 1671 b ...

in the

Sea of Japan The Sea of Japan is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula, and the mainland of the Russian Far East. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it h ...

. ;Uden Shintō :Created by Kamo no Norikiyo (a.k.a. Umetsuji no Norikiyo, 1798–1862). Norikiyo developed his teachings on the basis of the Shinto transmissions at the shrine of Kamo wake Ikazuchi Jinja. ;Unden Shintō :Founded by Shingon monk Jiun Onkō (1718–1804). It is also known as Katsuragi Shintō because Jiun lived on Mt. Katsuragi. It integrates esoteric Buddhism, siddham (

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late ...

philology), and Zen, as well as

Confucianism Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or ...

and Shinto. ;

Yoshida Shintō , also frequently referred to as , was a prominent sect of Shintō that arose during the Sengoku period through the teachings and work of Yoshida Kanetomo. The sect was originally an effort to organize Shintō teachings into a coherent structure i ...

:Founded by

Yoshida Kanetomo was a Japanese Shinto priest of the Sengoku period. He was a seminal figure in the evolution of a coherent descriptive and interpretive schema of Shinto ritual and mythology.Itō Satoshi "Yoshida Kanetomo,"''Encyclopedia of Shinto.'' April 15, 20 ...

(1435–1511), who called his tradition ''yuiitsu shintō'' ("only-one Shintō"). His adherents and Yoshida Shrine, until the end of the

period, retained the right to award ranks to all shrines and priests except for a few associated with the Imperial family. ;Yoshikawa Shintō :This is a lineage transmitted by Shinto scholar

Yoshikawa Koretari is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 73,262 in 31,031 households and a population density of 2300 persons per km². The total area of the city is . Geography Located in far southeastern Saita ...

(1616–1694).

Present Shinto Sects

; Fusōkyō :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shintō. It was organized by Shishino Nakaba (1844–84) based on the mountain faith to

Mount Fuji , or Fugaku, located on the island of Honshū, is the highest mountain in Japan, with a summit elevation of . It is the second-highest volcano located on an island in Asia (after Mount Kerinci on the island of Sumatra), and seventh-highest p ...

(''Fuji shinkō'') founded by Hasegawa Kakugyō (1541?–1646?). ; Izumo Ōyashirokyō :One of the original thirteen pre-war sects of Shinto. It was founded by

Senge Takatomi Senge is an a capella vocal group from southern Madagascar. The group was formed as a male trio that performed the ''beko'' polyharmonic style of the Tandroy people, occasionally accompanied by an eight-piece acoustic band featuring traditional in ...

(1845–1918). ; Jikkōkyō :One of the thirteen sects of pre-war Shinto. Based on Fujidō, founded by

Hasegawa Kakugyō Hasegawa (written: 長谷川 literally "long valley river") is a Japanese surname. Hasegawa may refer to: People A * Akiko Hasegawa, Japanese voice actress and singer * Ariajasuru Hasegawa (born 1988), Japanese-Iranian footballer B * B ...

(born in Nagasaki, 1541–1646). A mountain faith focused on Mount Fuji (''Fuji shinkō''). ;

Konkōkyō , or just Konkō, is a Shintō sect, being a part of the ''Kyoha Shintō Rengokai'' (Association of Sectarian Shinto), and an independent faith with origins in Shinbutsu-shūgō beliefs. Konkokyo worships the spirit and energy that flows throug ...

:One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto. Founded by Konkō Daijin (1814–83) (born Akazawa Bunji). ;

Kurozumikyō Kurozumikyō (黒住教), literally "the Teachings of Kurozumi," is a Japanese new religion largely derived from Shinto roots and founded in 1846. The founder, a Shinto priest by the name of Kurozumi, is claimed to have had a Divine union with Ama ...

:One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, founded by Kurozumi Munetada (1780–1850). ; Misogikyō :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto. Founded by

Inoue Masakane Inoue (kanji: , historical kana orthography: ''Winouhe'') is the 16th most common Japanese surname. Historically, it was also romanized as Inouye, and many Japanese-descended people outside of Japan still retain this spelling. A less common varia ...

(1790–1849). ; Ontakekyō :One of the thirteen sects of Shinto in the prewar period centered on faith in Mount Ontake (''ontake shinkō''). ; Shinrikyō :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, founded by Sano Tsunehiko (1834–1906). ;

Shinshūkyō Japanese new religions are new religious movements established in Japan. In Japanese, they are called or . Japanese scholars classify all religious organizations founded since the middle of the 19th century as "new religions"; thus, the term refe ...

:One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, founded by Yoshimura Masamochi (1839–1915). ;

Shintō Shūseiha Shinto () is a religion from Japan. Classified as an East Asian religion by scholars of religion, its practitioners often regard it as Japan's indigenous religion and as a nature religion. Scholars sometimes call its practitioners ''Shintoists ...

:One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, founded by

Nitta Kuniteru (1829–1902) was a founder of a Sect Shinto group. He founded Shinto Shusei in 1849. He read the Analects at age 9. He founded the sect at age twenty, and considered Japanese people to be descendants of deities. He considered allegiance to the ...

(1829–1902). ; Shintō Taikyō :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, known previously as Shintō Honkyoku (its formal name was simply "Shintō"). ; Shintō Taiseikyō :One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shintō, founded by

Hirayama Seisai Hirayama Seisai (1815–1890) was a Japanese samurai and Shinto priest during the late Edo period and early Meiji era. He was born in Mitsu, Fukushima, and at the age of 20, traveled to Edo (now Tokyo) to study Chinese literature, Japanese literat ...

(1815–1890).

Shintō-derived religious movements

;Ananaikyō :An

Ōmoto ''Chōseiden'' in Ayabe , also known as , is a religion founded in 1892 by Deguchi Nao (1836–1918), often categorised as a new Japanese religion originated from Shinto. The spiritual leaders of the movement have always been women within t ...

-lineage religion founded by Nakano Yonosuke (1887–1974). ;Art of Ninzuwu :A spiritual practice claimed to have originated during the

Jōmon period The is the time in Japanese history, traditionally dated between 6,000–300 BCE, during which Japan was inhabited by a diverse hunter-gatherer and early agriculturalist population united through a common Jōmon culture, which reached a c ...

from The Ivory Tablets of the Crow. ;Chikakusan Minshukyō Kyōdan :Based on the mountain-worship cult of Mount Ontake in the Kiso region founded by Nehashi Umetarō (1868–1922) as the Chikaku Kōsha (Chikaku Religious Association). ;Chūshinkai :A movement focused on

divination Divination (from Latin ''divinare'', 'to foresee, to foretell, to predict, to prophesy') is the attempt to gain insight into a question or situation by way of an occultic, standardized process or ritual. Used in various forms throughout histor ...

and

onomancy Onomancy (or nomancy) is divination based on a subject's name. Onomancy was popular in Europe during the Late Middle Ages but is said to have originated with the Pythagoreans. Several methods of analyzing a name are possible, some of which are bas ...

, founded by Kumazaki Ken'ō (1881–1961). ;Daihizenkyō :Founded by Orimo Nami (1893–1966). ;Ennōkyō :Founded by Fukada Chiyoko (1887–1925). ;Hachidai Ryūō Daishizen Aishinkyōdan :Founded by Ishikawa Sen (1886–1961), who declared to be

possessed Possessed may refer to: Possession * Possession (disambiguation), having some degree of control over something else ** Spirit possession, whereby gods, demons, animas, or other disincarnate entities may temporarily take control of a human body *** ...

(''kamigakari'') by a spirit. ;Hachidai Ryūōjin Hakkō Seidan :Founded by Demura Ryūsei (1926– ). ;Hachirakukai Kyōdan :Founded by Ogawa Kōichirō (1919–80). ;Hi no Oshie :Teaching of the Sun. Founded by Sakuma Nikkō (1884–1954) (Nikkō means "sun-light"). ;Hikari Kyōkai :Derived from Ōmoto. Founded by painter Okamoto Tenmei (1897–1963). ;Hizuki no Miya :Founded by Fujimoto Toshinari (1930–1989). The founding of the religion is dated from January 11, 1956, when Fujimoto received a revelation from the

Amaterasu ōmikami Amaterasu, also known as Amaterasu Ōmikami () or Ōhirume no Muchi no Kami (), is the goddess of the sun in Japanese mythology. One of the major deities (''kami'') of Shinto, she is also portrayed in Japan's earliest literary texts, the ''Kojik ...

. ;Honbushin :A group from Tenrikyō lineage. Founded by Ōnishi Tama (1916–1969), the group originated in 1961 within Honmichi as the Tenri Mirokukai (Tenri Miroku Association) and later seceded. ;Honmichi :Founded by Ōnishi Aijirō (1881–1958) a teacher in Tenrikyō. ;Ijun :Founded by Takayasu Ryūsen (1934–) as an

Okinawa is a prefecture of Japan. Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan, has a population of 1,457,162 (as of 2 February 2020) and a geographic area of 2,281 km2 (880 sq mi). Naha is the capital and largest city ...

n religion. ;Ishinkyō :Founded by Hashiguchi Reizui (1879–1963). ;Izumo Shin’yū Kyōkai :Founded in 1968 by Hosoya Seiko (1927–) after she had practiced austerities in Izumo, Nara and Eiheiji. ;Izumokyō :This is a religion reminiscent of sectarian Shinto (Kyōha Shintō). It was started by Kitajima Naganori (1834–93). ;Jieidō :Lineage of Sekai Kyūseikyō, founded by Katsunuma Hisako (1927–). ;Jingūkyō :With characteristics of sect Shinto (kyōha Shintō) and founded by Urata Nagatami and others. ;Kakushin Shūkyō Nipponkyō :Originated in 1940, when the "Father-deity Kotoshironushi no ōkami" descended upon Chitose Makami (1879–1986). ;Kannagarakyō :Founded by Mizuno Fusa (1883–1970). ;Kikueikai Kyōdan :Founded in 1928 by the sculptor of Buddhist images Hayashi Shikō (1901–88). Shikō claimed that a golden sphere with the form of a "nine-star divination pattern" came floating towards him, after which he began to engage in spiritual healing. ;Kogi Shintō :Founded by the Shinto priest Kuwabara Yachio (1910–) after World War II. ;Koshintō Senpōkyō :Founded by Masai Yoshimitsu (1907–1970), and known for its claim to be related to the tradition of "ancient Shinto" ( Koshintō). ; :Founded by Takeuchi Kiyomaro (also Ōmaro) (1874–1965) based on an ancient text known as the (''Takeuchi monjo''). ;Kuzuryū Taisha :Founded by Ōnishi Masajirō (1913–88) after receiving a dream oracle from the deity Benzaiten (Sanskrit

Sarasvati Saraswati ( sa, सरस्वती, ) is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, art, speech, wisdom, and learning. She is one of the Tridevi, along with the goddesses Lakshmi and Parvati. The earliest known mention of Saraswati as a god ...

) during a dream in 1954. ;Kyūseishukyō :Resulting from the merging of four branches of Sekai Kyūseikyō, it began its activities in 1955 after the death of the founder of Sekai Kyūseikyō, Okada Mōkichi (1882–1955). ;Makoto no Michi :Founded by Ogiwara Makoto (1910–81) who experienced paranormal powers since before World War II. ;Makoto no Michikyō :Founded by Matsumoto Jōtarō (September 1881–1944). ;Maruyamakyō :Founded by Itō Rokurobei (1829–94). ;Misogikyō Shinpa :Founded by Sakata Yasuhiro (1962–). ;Mitamakyō :Founded by Nagata Fuku (1891–1975). ;Miyaji Shinsendō :Founded by Miyaji Suii (known as Kakiwa, 1852–1904) and with strong

Taoist Taoism (, ) or Daoism () refers to either a school of philosophical thought (道家; ''daojia'') or to a religion (道教; ''daojiao''), both of which share ideas and concepts of Chinese origin and emphasize living in harmony with the ''Tao'' ...

influence. ;Nihon Jingū Honchō :Founded by Nakajima Shūkō (1902–88) who was deeply interested in the study of the traditional calendar (''rekigaku'') and the theory of five phases of matter (''gogyō''). ;Nihon Seidō Kyōdan :Founded by Iwasaki Shōō (1934–) who had a mystical experience while in a coma. ;Nikkōkyō :Founded by Teraguchi Kōjirō (1881–1960). ;Ōkanmichi :Founded by Yamada Baijirō (1875–1941), a Tenrikyō teacher. ;Ōmiwakyō (Sako) :Founded by Sako Kan (1878–1937). ;Ōmiwakyō　(Kojima) :Founded by Kojima Moriyoshi in 1872. ;

:Founded by Deguchi Nao (1836–1918) and Deguchi Onisaburō (1871–1948) after a "spirit dream" at the lunar New Year in 1892. ;Ōmoto Hikari no Michi :Founded by Hōkan Meikyō (1923–) based on Ōmoto and Sekai Kyūseikyō. ;Ōyamanezu no Mikoto Shinji Kyōkai :Founded by Inai Sadao (1906–88). ;Perfect Liberty Kyōdan ( PL Kyōdan) :Known as Church of Perfect Liberty frequently abbreviated as merely "PL", founded by Miki Tokuharu (1871–1938), a Zen monk. ;Reiha no Hikari Kyōkai :Founded by Hase Yoshio (1915–84). ;Renmonkyō :Founded by Shimamura Mitsu (1831–1904) who was saved from serious illness by Yanagita Ichibei, who had studied the "marvelous law of things" (''myōhō no ji''). ;Renshindō Kyōdan :Founded by Tanaka Jigohei (1886–1973). ;Samuhara Jinja :Started in 1935 when Tanaka Tomisaburō (1868–1967) rebuilt a dilapidated shrine in Okayama. ; Seichō no Ie :Connected to Ōmoto and founded by Taniguchi Masaharu (1893–1985). ;Seikōkyō :Founded by Fujita Nobuhiko (1889–1977). ;Seimeikyō :Derived from Sekai Kyūseikyō and created in 1955 by Kihara Yoshihiko. ;Seishin Myōjōkai :Founded by Fujita Motonari (1903–85). ; Sekai Kyūseikyō :Church of World Messianity from the Ōmoto lineage. It was founded by Okada Mokichi. ;Sekai

Mahikari Mahikari is a Japanese new religious movement ( shinshūkyō) that was founded in 1959 by Yoshikazu Okada (岡田良一) (1901–1974). The word "Mahikari" means "True (真, ma) Light (光, hikari)" in Japanese. Foundation The Mahikari organizat ...

Bunmei Kyōdan :Derivation from Ōmoto and Sekai Kyūseikyō, founded by Okada Kōtama (1901–1974, born Yoshikazu). ; Sekai Shindōkyō :Founded by Aida Hide (1898–1973). ;Shidaidō :Founded by Nagahashi Yasuhiko (1895–1981) in 1931. ;Shin Nihon Shūkyō Dantai Rengōkai :Federation of New Religious Organizations of Japan, founded by and for new Japanese religious movements. Established in 1951 with a membership of twenty-four groups. ;Shindō Tenkōkyo :Founded by Tomokiyo Yoshizane (1888–1952). ; Shinji Shūmeikai :Founded by Koyama Mihoko (1910–). ; Shinmei Aishinkai :Founded by Komatsu Shin'yō (1928– ). ;Shinreikai Kyōdan :Founded by Ishii Reizan (born Iwayoshi, 1884–58) who had a revelation in 1932. ;Shinreikyō :Founded by Ōtsuka Kan'ichi (1891–72). ;Shinri Jikkō no Oshie :Founded by Honjō Chiyoko (1902–1957). ;Shinsei Tengan Manaita no Kai :Founded by Kurata Chikyū (1906–91). ;Shintō Shinkyō :Founded by Unigame Ito (1876–1976). ;Shintō Shinshinkyō :Founded by Adachi Taijūrō (1841–1895) who received a divine revelation after nine years of his own unique form of practice. ;Shizensha :Founded by Hashimoto Satomi (1899–1984). ;

Shōroku Shintō Yamatoyama is a Shintō-derived religious movement headquartered in the town of Hiranai in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. History Shōroku Shintō Yamatoyama originates from Tazawa Seishirō's dedication of a shrine in 1919 to a Yama-no-Kami after he witnes ...

:Founded by Tazawa Seishirō (1884–1966) after dedicating a shrine to a "mountain kami" (''yama no kami'') in 1919, witnessing extraordinary astronomical phenomena, and hearing divine voices. ;Shūkyō Hōjin Byakkō Shinkōkai :Founded by Goi Masahisa (1916–1980) emphasizes two characteristic Ōmoto doctrines, the notion that all religions emanate from the same root (''bankyō dōkon''), and the principle of world peace. ;Shūkyō Hōjin Shikō Gakuen :Founded by Kawakami Seizan (1908–51). ;Shūyōdan Hōseikai :Founded by Idei Seitarō (1899–1983). ;Soshindō :Started focused on Matsushita Matsuzō (1873–1947), a spirit medium (''reinōsha'') active from the Taisho era (1912–26) to the World War II period. ;Soshindō Kyōdan :Founded by Yoshioka Tajūrō (1905–87). ;Subikari Kōha Sekai Shindan :Founded by the spiritualist

manga Manga (Japanese: 漫画 ) are comics or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, and the form has a long prehistory in earlier Japanese art. The term ''manga'' is u ...

artist Kuroda Minoru (1928– ). ;Sukui no Hikari Kyōdan :A new religion deriving from Sekai Kyūseikyō, one several groups in opposition to that religion's policy of centralization (''ichigenka'') implemented in the mid-1960s. ; Sūkyō Mahikari :Derived from the lineages of Ōmoto and Sekai Kyūseikyō, founded by Kōtama Okada (Sukuinushisama) (1901–74) on August 28, 1959 and established as a registered religious organisation on 1978 by Mr Okada's daughter Sachiko Keishu Okada (Oshienushisama), (1929– ). ;Sumerakyō :Founded by Onikura Taruhiko after having experienced possession (''kamigakari'') by a deity around 1919. ;Taireidō :Founded by Tanaka Morihei (1884–1928) who was said to have acquired a kind of supranormal power (''reishiryoku'') after a four-month ascetic seclusion in the mountains. ;Taiwa Kyōdan :Emerged from Yamatokyō, founded by Hozumi Kenkō (1913–76) and his wife Hisako (1908–2003). ;Tamamitsu Jinja :Founded by the spirit medium Motoyama Kinue (1909–74). ;Ten'onkyo :Founded by Hachiro Fukuji (1899–1962) who experienced the ability to converse with a spirit, and thereafter received visitations from various deities. ;Tenchikyō :Founded by Uozumi Masanobu (1852–1928). ;Tengenkyō :Founded by Naniwa Hisakazu (1902–84). ;Tenjōkyō :Founded by Ishiguro Jō (1908– ). ;Tenjōkyō Hon'in :Founded by Kuramoto Ito (1895–1985). ;Tenkōkyō :Founded by Fujita Shinshō (?–1966) who received at age nineteen a revelation from a deity he called ''Tenchikane no kami'' ("heaven-earth gold deity"). ;

Tenrikyō is a Japanese new religion which is neither strictly monotheistic nor pantheistic, originating from the teachings of a 19th-century woman named Nakayama Miki, known to her followers as "Oyasama". Followers of Tenrikyo believe that God of Origin ...

:It was one of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto. Founded by Nakayama Miki (1798–1887) after having a sudden experience of spirit possession (''kamigakari'')from a deity she called Tenri-O-no-Mikoto. in the tenth lunar month of 1863. Tenrikyo removed itself from its Sect Shinto classification when it was free to do so after World War II. ;Tensei Shinbikai :Founded by Iwanaga Kayoko (1934–). ;Tensenku Monkyō (Tendan) :Known locally as Tinsinkun Munchu (Tinkha), emerged from ancient Shintō (Koshintō) in the southern Ryukyu islands. ;Tensha Tsuchimikado Shintō Honchō :Inspired in Tsuchimikado Shintō (Tensha Shintō). ;Tenshin Seikyō :Founded by Shimada Seiichi (1896–1985). ;Tenshindō Kyōdan :Founded by Tamura Reishō (1890–1968) who received the revelation of

Kami are the deities, divinities, spirits, phenomena or "holy powers", that are venerated in the Shinto religion. They can be elements of the landscape, forces of nature, or beings and the qualities that these beings express; they can also be the sp ...

on April 3, 1927

While working in the office of the Governor-General of Korea, Reishō studied the Daoistic magical arts transmitted in Korea since ancient times.Tenshindō Kyōdan
By Yumiyama Tatsuya, 2006/ 5/ 25, Establishment of a National Learning Institute for the Dissemination of Research on Shinto and Japanese Culture ;Tenshinkyō Shin'yūden Kyōkai :Founded by Kamiide Fusae (1922–1980) who had a sudden experience of spirit possession (''kamigakari'') in 1958. ;

Tenshō Kōtai Jingūkyō Tenshō Kōtai Jingūkyō (Japanese ) is a Japanese new religious movement which emerged from Shinto. It was established by Sayo Kitamura () (1900–1967), with activities beginning in 1945. The movement includes 450,000 members. Kitamura claime ...

:Founded by

Kitamura Sayo was the founder of the "dancing religion", Tensho Kotai Jingukyo. Early life Kitamura was born on January 1, 1900, in what is now Yanai city, Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan. She was the fourth daughter in a farming family of Jodo Shinshu Budd ...

(1900–1967). ;Tenshōkyō :Founded by Senba Hideo (1925–) and his wife Senba Kimiko. ;Tenshūkyō :Founded by Unagami Haruho (1896–1965). ;Tokumitsukyō :Founded by Kanada Tokumitsu (1863–1919). ;Worldmate (formerly Cosmomate) :Founded by Fukami Seizan (aka Fukami Tōshū, born

Haruhisa Handa is a Japanese religious leader and a businessman. Handa is the Chairman and spiritual leader of the Shinto-based religion World Mate. He is also known by the name in his artistic career, as well as the pen name . He also uses the pseudonym , w ...

) (1951–). ;Yamakage Shintō :Emerged from "ancient Shinto" ( Koshintō) tradition, founded by the Yamakage family. ;Yamatokyō :Founded by Hozumi Kenkō (1913–76), a practitioner of Shugendō at Dewa Sanzan. ; Zenrinkyō :Founded by Rikihisa Tatsusai (1906–77).

Other sects and schools

There may be some Shinto schools and sects, that even having a structure and followers, are not included in authoritative publications. This may be because of their small size and influence, fairly unknown presence or practices, or because those schools are new branches from older schools and still considered within their structure.

Notes

References

* Breen, John and

Mark Teeuwen Mark J. Teeuwen (Marcus Jacobus Teeuwen, born 9 February 1966, Eindhoven) is a Dutch academic and Japanologist. He is an expert in Japanese religious practices, and he is a professor at the University of Oslo.University of Oslo faculty CV/ref> In a ...

. (2000)
''Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami.''
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. . * Encyclopedia of New Religions, Shinshūkyō jiten. Inoue Nobutaka et al., eds., Kōbundō, 1990. * Encyclopedia of Shinto, Schools, Groups and Personalities. Institute of Japanese Culture and Classics, Kokugakuin University (2006) Edit Norman Havens * Religions Yearbook,

Agency for Cultural Affairs The is a special body of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). It was set up in 1968 to promote Japanese arts and culture. The agency's budget for FY 2018 rose to ¥107.7 billion. Overview The ag ...

, Shūkyō nenkan (1993), eds Japan Monbushō, Japan Bunkachō. ISSN 0583-1571 {{DEFAULTSORT:Shinto Sects And Schools Sects Religious denominations