Trương Minh Giảng ( vi-hantu, 張明講, 1792 – 1841) was a general and official of

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

during the

Nguyễn dynasty The Nguyễn dynasty (chữ Nôm: 茹阮, vi, Nhà Nguyễn; chữ Hán: 阮朝, vi, Nguyễn triều) was the last Vietnamese dynasty, which ruled the unified Vietnamese state largely independently from 1802 to 1883. During its existence, ...

Early life

Trương-Minh Giảng was born in Gia Định (modern

Ho Chi Minh City , population_density_km2 = 4,292 , population_density_metro_km2 = 697.2 , population_demonym = Saigonese , blank_name = GRP (Nominal) , blank_info = 2019 , blank1_name = – Total , blank1_ ...

). He came from an important aristocratic family of southern Vietnam, the Trương-Minh family from which also comes the scholar Trương Minh Ký (1855-1900). His father, Trương-Minh Thành was the minister of ceremony (Lễ bộ Thượng thư) of Emperor

Gia Long Gia Long ( (''North''), ('' South''); 8 February 1762 – 3 February 1820), born Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (阮福暎) or Nguyễn Ánh, was the founding emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last dynasty of Vietnam. His dynasty would rule the unif ...

. Giảng passed the triennial exam with the grade of '' hương cống'' in 1819. He became a military mandarin in the service of Emperor Minh-Mang and was appointed major general.

Career

A rebellion was launched by

Lê Văn Khôi ( vi-hantu, 黎文 ; died 1834) was the adopted son of the Vietnamese general Lê Văn Duyệt. He led the 1833–1835 Lê Văn Khôi revolt against Emperor Minh Mạng, but died in 1834. As Duyệt was being prosecuted and his relatives condem ...

in Gia Định in 1833. This was an important revolt in southern Vietnam, Giảng was sent to put down the rebellion together with Tống Phúc Lương, Nguyễn Xuân, Phan Văn Thúy and Trần Văn Năng. Two

Siam Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 mi ...

ese generals, Bodindecha and Phra Klang, led troops to attack the Vietnamese provinces of

Hà Tiên Hà Tiên is a Provincial city in Kiên Giang Province, Mekong Delta in Vietnam. Its area is and the population as of 2019 is 81,576. The city borders Cambodia to the west. Hà Tiên is a tourist site of the region thanks to its beaches and l ...

and

An Giang An Giang () is a province of Vietnam. It is located in the Mekong Delta, in the southwestern part of the country. Geography An Giang occupies a position in the upper reaches of the Mekong Delta. The Hậu Giang and Tiền Giang branches of t ...

and Vietnamese imperial forces in

Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...

and

Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand t ...

. Giảng and his 10,000 soldiers defeated the Siamese army in Cambodia, and installed

Ang Chan II Ang Chan II ( km, ព្រះបាទអង្គចន្ទទី២; 1791 – 7 January 1835) was King of Cambodia from 1806 to his death in 1835. He reigned under the name of Outey Reachea III ( km, ឧទ័យរាជាទី៣). Ang ...

as a client king of Cambodia. Giảng was appointed Governor-General of Cambodia and stayed in

Phnom Penh Phnom Penh (; km, ភ្នំពេញ, ) is the capital and most populous city of Cambodia. It has been the national capital since the French protectorate of Cambodia and has grown to become the nation's primate city and its economic, indus ...

to watch the king. In 1835 Ang Chan II died without heir. Giảng installed Ang Mey as a client queen. He ordered all Cambodian women to wear Vietnamese-style pyjamas instead of the khmer

sampot A ''sampot'' ( km, សំពត់, ), a long, rectangular cloth worn around the lower body, is a traditional dress in Cambodia. It can be draped and folded in several different ways. The traditional dress is similar to the dhoti of Southern As ...

(similar to the

sarong A sarong or sarung () is a large tube or length of fabric, often wrapped around the waist, worn in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, Northern Africa, East Africa, West Africa, and on many Pacific islands. The fabric often has woven plaid o ...

), grow their hair long in Vietnamese style. Phnom Penh was renamed with a Vietnamese name: ''Trấn Tây Thành'' (鎮西城), or "Western Commandery". Many

Wat A wat ( km, វត្ត, ; lo, ວັດ, ; th, วัด, ; khb, 「ᩅᨯ᩠ᨰ」(waD+Dha); nod, 「ᩅ᩠ᨯ᩶」（w+Da2)) is a type of Buddhist temple and Hindu temple in Cambodia, Laos, East Shan State, Yunnan, the Southern Provi ...

s (temples) were destroyed during this period,Cambodian people by Sipar, p. 29 and numerous ethnic Vietnamese came to Cambodia. Cambodia became a part of Vietnam in 1841, and Ang Mey was deposed and exiled to Gia Định. Many Cambodian were infuriated, and revolted against the Vietnamese rule. Seizing the opportunity, Siam invaded Cambodia in an attempt to install

Ang Duong Ang Duong ( km, អង្គឌួង ; 12 June 1796 – 19 October 1860) was the King of Cambodia from 1841 to 1844 and from 1845 to his death in 1860. Formally invested in 1848, his rule benefited a kingdom that suffered from several centuries ...

on the throne as their own puppet, triggering the Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–45). Giảng tried to resist but failed. The new emperor

Thiệu Trị Thiệu Trị (, vi-hantu, 紹治, lit. "inheritance of prosperity"; 6 June 1807 – 4 November 1847), personal name Nguyễn Phúc Miên Tông or Nguyễn Phúc Tuyền, was the third emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty. He was the eldest son of Em ...

suddenly decided to withdraw all Vietnamese troops from Cambodia following the advice of Tạ Quang Cự. Giảng died suddenly on his way back to

Huế Huế () is the capital of Thừa Thiên Huế province in central Vietnam and was the capital of Đàng Trong from 1738 to 1775 and of Vietnam during the Nguyễn dynasty from 1802 to 1945. The city served as the old Imperial City and admi ...

. Sources stated that he committed suicide by taking poison together with other two senior generals to avoid punishment from the emperor.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Truong, Minh Giang Nguyen dynasty officials Nguyen dynasty generals 1841 deaths