''Troglocaris'' is a genus of

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include ...

shrimp Shrimp are crustaceans (a form of shellfish) with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – most commonly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata of the decapod order, although some crustaceans outside of this order are refer ...

in the family

Atyidae Atyidae is a family of shrimp, present in all tropical and most temperate waters of the world. Adults of this family are almost always confined to fresh water. This is the only family in the superfamily Atyoidea. Genera and species The follow ...

. These

stygobitic Stygofauna are any fauna that live in groundwater systems or aquifers, such as caves, fissures and vugs. Stygofauna and troglofauna are the two types of subterranean fauna (based on life-history). Both are associated with subterranean environme ...

, whitish and eyeless shrimp are found in Southern Europe (

Dinaric Alps The Dinaric Alps (), also Dinarides, are a mountain range in Southern and Southcentral Europe, separating the continental Balkan Peninsula from the Adriatic Sea. They stretch from Italy in the northwest through Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herz ...

and West

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically ...

). Although locally very common, the small ranges of the individual species make them highly vulnerable to habitat loss, for example by water extraction. Their underground habitat is often extremely stable; for example, the Vipavska jama cave in Slovenia is home to a population of ''T. anophthalmus'', and its water only varies from in the winter to in the summer. In some Dinaric caves, notably Vjetrenica, as many as three species may occur together. These shrimp sometimes fall prey to

olm The olm or proteus (''Proteus anguinus'') is an aquatic salamander in the family Proteidae, the only exclusively cave-dwelling chordate species found in Europe. In contrast to most amphibians, it is entirely aquatic, eating, sleeping, and br ...

salamanders, but are able to survive injuries if the attack fails. The Dinaric ''Troglocaris'' are the main host of several species of

parasitic Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has c ...

epizoic An epibiont (from the Ancient Greek meaning "living on top of") is an organism that lives on the surface of another living organism, called the basibiont ("living underneath"). The interaction between the two organisms is called epibiosis. An epi ...

flatworms of the family

Scutariellidae Scutariellidae is a family of flatworms belonging to the order Rhabdocoela. Genera: * ''Bubalocerus'' Matjasic, 1958 * ''Caradinicola'' Annandale, 1912 * ''Caridinicola'' Annandale, 1912 * ''Cercomeria'' * ''Monodiscus'' Plate, 1914 * ''Paracarid ...

(order Temnocephalida).

Species

''Troglocaris'' currently contains 15 described species, but there are also a number of

undescribed species In taxonomy, an undescribed taxon is a taxon (for example, a species) that has been discovered, but not yet formally described and named. The various Nomenclature Codes specify the requirements for a new taxon to be validly described and named. U ...

. '' Gallocaris inermis'', a stygobitic shrimp from southern France, was formerly included in ''Troglocaris''. ;Subgenus ''Troglocaris'' *''

Troglocaris anophthalmus ''Troglocaris anophthalmus'' is a species of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. It lives in karstic caves in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy and Slovenia. Although morphologically similar across its range, molecular phylogenetics su ...

'' (Kollar, 1848) *''

Troglocaris bosnica ''Troglocaris'' is a genus of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. These stygobitic, whitish and eyeless shrimp are found in Southern Europe (Dinaric Alps and West Caucasus). Although locally very common, the small ranges of the individual ...

'' Sket & Zakšek, 2009 *''

Troglocaris planinensis ''Troglocaris'' is a genus of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. These stygobitic, whitish and eyeless shrimp are found in Southern Europe (Dinaric Alps and West Caucasus). Although locally very common, the small ranges of the individual s ...

'' Birštejn, 1948 ;Subgenus ''Xiphocaridinella'' *''

Troglocaris ablaskiri ''Troglocaris'' is a genus of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. These stygobitic, whitish and eyeless shrimp are found in Southern Europe (Dinaric Alps and West Caucasus). Although locally very common, the small ranges of the individual ...

'' Birštejn, 1939 *''

Troglocaris birsteini ''Troglocaris'' is a genus of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. These stygobitic, whitish and eyeless shrimp are found in Southern Europe (Dinaric Alps and West Caucasus). Although locally very common, the small ranges of the individual ...

'' Mugue, Zueva & Ershov, 2001 *''

Troglocaris fagei ''Troglocaris'' is a genus of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. These stygobitic, whitish and eyeless shrimp are found in Southern Europe (Dinaric Alps and West Caucasus). Although locally very common, the small ranges of the individual ...

'' Birštejn, 1939 *''

Troglocaris jusbaschjani ''Troglocaris'' is a genus of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. These stygobitic, whitish and eyeless shrimp are found in Southern Europe (Dinaric Alps and West Caucasus). Although locally very common, the small ranges of the individual ...

'' Birštejn, 1948 *''

Troglocaris kutaissiana ''Troglocaris'' is a genus of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. These stygobitic, whitish and eyeless shrimp are found in Southern Europe (Dinaric Alps and West Caucasus). Although locally very common, the small ranges of the individual ...

'' (Sadovskij, 1930) *''

Troglocaris osterloffi ''Troglocaris'' is a genus of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. These stygobitic, whitish and eyeless shrimp are found in Southern Europe (Dinaric Alps and West Caucasus). Although locally very common, the small ranges of the individual ...

'' Juzbaš'jan, 1940 *''

Troglocaris otapi ''Troglocaris'' is a genus of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. These stygobitic, whitish and eyeless shrimp are found in Southern Europe (Dinaric Alps and West Caucasus). Although locally very common, the small ranges of the individual s ...

'' Marin, 2018 ;Subgenus ''Troglocaridella'' *''

Troglocaris hercegovinensis ''Troglocaris'' is a genus of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae. These stygobitic, whitish and eyeless shrimp are found in Southern Europe (Dinaric Alps and West Caucasus). Although locally very common, the small ranges of the individual ...

'' (Babić, 1922) ;Subgenus ''Spelaeocaris'' *'' Troglocaris kapellana'' Sket & Zakšek, 2009 *'' Troglocaris neglecta'' Sket & Zakšek, 2009 *'' Troglocaris prasence'' Sket & Zakšek, 2009 *'' Troglocaris pretneri'' (Matjašič, 1956)

References

External links

* Atyidae Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Caridea-stub

Species

See also

References

External links