''Trochus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of medium-sized to large,

top A spinning top, or simply a top, is a toy with a squat body and a sharp point at the bottom, designed to be spun on its vertical axis, balancing on the tip due to the gyroscopic effect. Once set in motion, a top will usually wobble for a few ...

-shaped

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

s with an operculum and a pearly inside to their shells, marine

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

s in the subfamily Trochinae of the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Trochidae The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resemb ...

, the top snails.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Trochus Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138598 on 5 December 2012 When the word "trochus" or "Trochus" is used in reference to fishing sea snails for commercial purposes, the usual species targeted is ''

Tectus niloticus ''Rochia nilotica'', common name the commercial top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tegulidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Rochia nilotica (Linnaeus, 1767). Accessed through: World Register o ...

'', which is valued for its

nacre Nacre ( , ), also known as mother of pearl, is an organicinorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer; it is also the material of which pearls are composed. It is strong, resilient, and iridescent. Nacre is f ...

or mother of pearl layer, which was traditionally made into items such as pearl buttons and jewelry. ''Tectus niloticus'' is no longer classified as a ''Trochus'' species, and it is no longer classified in the family Trochidae; it is now placed in the family

Tegulidae Tegulidae is a family of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).Bouchet, P. (2013). Tegulidae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971. Access ...

History

The name ''Trochus'', according to P. FischerP. Fischer. Monog. Genre Troque, in Kiener's Coquilles Vivantes, Paris, 1880. was used for the first time by

Guillaume Rondelet Guillaume Rondelet (27 September 150730 July 1566), also known as Rondeletus/Rondeletius, was Regius professor of medicine at the University of Montpellier in southern France and Chancellor of the University between 1556 and his death in 1566. He ...

, in 1558, who assembled under this title a rather miscellaneous assortment of

univalve The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. ...

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

' genus ''Trochus'' is composed principally of true

, but it is now viewed as having contained species of several other very different families.

Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolog ...

still further restricted the group, by eliminating several genera; and in the 19th century the labors of

Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...

, H. Adams and A. Adams and others, contributed towards a more systematic arrangement of the family.Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
/ref> Further revisions have narrowed down the number of species in this genus, and most names have become synonyms.

Shell description

Sea snails in the genus ''Trochus'' have large, thick, solid shells that have a broadly conical

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are ...

and a flat base. The periphery is angulated. The base of the shell is flat or convex. The outer and basal lips are smooth within. The

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the wo ...

has a strong fold above, ending in an obtuse tooth below. The interior of the shell is

pearl A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as fossil conulariids. Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pearl is composed of calcium carb ...

y and

iridescent Iridescence (also known as goniochromism) is the phenomenon of certain surfaces that appear to gradually change color as the angle of view or the angle of illumination changes. Examples of iridescence include soap bubbles, feathers, butterfl ...

because of a thick layer of

(mother of pearl).

Species

Species within the genus ''Trochus'' include: * † ''

Trochus antipodum ''Trochus'' is a genus of medium-sized to large, top-shaped sea snails with an operculum and a pearly inside to their shells, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Trochinae of the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. ( ...

'' Wilckens, 1922 * ''

Trochus calcaratus ''Trochus calcaratus'', common name the actor top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2014). Trochus calcaratus Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875 ...

'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875 * ''

Trochus californicus ''Trochus'' is a genus of medium-sized to large, top-shaped sea snails with an operculum and a pearly inside to their shells, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Trochinae of the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2 ...

'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''

Trochus camelophorus ''Trochus camelophorus'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Marshall, B.; Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2014). Trochus camelophorus Webster, 1906. Accessed through: World Register of ...

'' Webster, 1906 * ''

Trochus cariniferus ''Trochus cariniferus'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2014). Trochus cariniferus Reeve, 1842. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...

'' Reeve, 1842 * ''

Trochus chloromphalus ''Trochus chloromphalus'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The height of the shell attains 19 mm, its diameter 22 mm. The thick, false-umbilicate shell ha ...

'' (A. Adams, 1851) * ''

Trochus concinnus ''Trochus'' is a genus of medium-sized to large, top-shaped sea snails with an operculum and a pearly inside to their shells, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Trochinae of the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. ( ...

'' Philippi, 1846 * ''

Trochus cumingii ''Trochus'' is a genus of medium-sized to large, top-shaped sea snails with an operculum and a pearly inside to their shells, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Trochinae of the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. ...

'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Trochus elegantulus'' W. Wood, 1828 * '' Trochus erithreus'' Brocchi, 1821 * '' Trochus fastigiatus'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Trochus ferreirai'' Bozzetti, 1996 * '' Trochus firmus'' Philippi, 1849 * '' Trochus flammulatus'' Lamarck, 1822 * '' Trochus fultoni'' Melvill, 1898 * ''

Trochus histrio ''Trochus'' is a genus of medium-sized to large, top-shaped sea snails with an operculum (gastropod), operculum and a pearly inside to their shells, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Trochinae of the family (biology), fam ...

'' Reeve, 1848 * ''

Trochus intextus ''Trochus intextus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2014). Trochus intextus Kiener, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespeci ...

'' Kiener, 1850 * ''

Trochus kochii ''Trochus kochii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2014). Trochus kochii Philippi, 1844. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.o ...

'' Philippi, 1844 * ''

Trochus kotschyi ''Trochus kotschyi'', common name the Kotschy's gibbula, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Trochinae of the family Trochidae, the top snails.Gofas, S. (2012). ''Priotrochus kotschyi'' (Philippi, 1849). Acce ...

'' Philippi, 1849 * '' Trochus laciniatus'' Reeve, 1861 * ''

Trochus maculatus ''Trochus maculatus'', common name the maculated top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 65 mm. This is an e ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

* '' Trochus nigropunctatus'' Reeve, 1861 * '' Trochus noduliferus'' Lamarck, 1822 * '' Trochus obesus'' Reeve, 1861 * '' Trochus ochroleucus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''

Trochus radiatus ''Trochus radiatus'', common name the radiate top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The thick, rather solid, trochoidal shell has a moderately elevated spire and ...

'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''

Trochus rota ''Trochus'' is a genus of medium-sized to large, top-shaped sea snails with an operculum (gastropod), operculum and a pearly inside to their shells, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Trochinae of the family (biology), fam ...

'' Dunker, 1860 * '' Trochus sacellum'' Philippi, 1855 * '' Trochus squarrosus'' Lamarck, 1822 * '' Trochus stellatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * † '' Trochus subanceps'' Sinzow, 1897 * '' Trochus subincarnatus'' P. Fisher, 1879 * ''

Trochus submorum ''Trochus'' is a genus of medium-sized to large, top-shaped sea snails with an operculum and a pearly inside to their shells, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Trochinae of the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2 ...

'' (Abrard, 1942) * '' Trochus tentorium'' Gmelin, 1791 * '' Trochus tubiferus'' Kiener, 1850 * '' Trochus venetus'' Reeve, 1862 * '' Trochus zhangi'' Dong, 2002

Synonyms

* ''Trochus abanteus'' Nardo, 1847: synonym of ''

Jujubinus montagui ''Jujubinus montagui'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 3 mm and 9 mm. The imperforate or very minutely p ...

'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus abrodiaetus'' Nardo, 1847: synonym of ''

Gibbula adriatica ''Steromphala adriatica'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Steromphala adriatica (Philippi, 1844). Accessed through: World Register of Marine ...

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus abyssorum'' E.A. Smith, 1891: synonym of '' Bathybembix abyssorum'' (E. A. Smith, 1891) * ''Trochus acinosus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of '' Coelotrochus viridis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus acuminatus'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Bembicium nanum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus acuminatus'' Perry, 1811: synonym of '' Cantharidus opalus'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Trochus acutangulus'' Philippi : synonym of ''

* ''Trochus adansoni'' ic synonym of ''

Gibbula adansonii ''Steromphala adansonii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Steromphala adansonii (Payraudeau, 1826). Accessed through: World R ...

'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus adansonii'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of ''

'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus adriaticus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of ''

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus adspersus'' Philippi, 1851: synonym of '' Calliostoma adspersum'' (Philippi, 1851) * ''Trochus aeglees'' Watson, 1879: synonym of '' Calliotropis aeglees'' (Watson, 1879) * ''Trochus aegyptius'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Rubritrochus declivis'' (Forskål, 1775) * ''Trochus agathensis'' Récluz, 1843: synonym of ''

Gibbula umbilicalis ''Steromphala umbilicalis'', common name the flat top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Steromphala umbilicalis (da Costa, 1778). Acces ...

'' (

da Costa Costa (, , , , ), sometimes Costas, da Costa, Da Costa, or Dalla Costa, is an Italian, Portuguese and Spanish surname. The surname spread throughout the world through colonization. It is also a surname chosen by Jews and other religious groups due ...

, 1778) * ''Trochus agrestis'' Philippi, 1843: synonym of ''

Calliostoma zizyphinum ''Calliostoma zizyphinum'', common name the European painted top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae. Description The solid, regularly conical shell is straight-sided and imperforate. T ...

'' (

) * ''Trochus alabastrum'' Reeve, 1858: synonym of '' Euchelus alabastrum'' (Reeve, 1858) * ''Trochus alabastrum'' Lovén, 1846: synonym of ''

Calliostoma occidentale ''Calliostoma occidentale'', common name the boreal topsnail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae. Description The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 17 mm. The shell is rat ...

'' (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842) * ''Trochus albidus'' Wood W., 1828: synonym of ''

'' (

) * ''Trochus albidus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Gibbula albida ''Gibbula albida'', common name the whitish gibbula, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Gofas, S. (2013). Gibbula albida (Gmelin, 1791). Accessed through: World Register of Mari ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus altus'' Reeve (non Philippi), 1862: synonym of ''

* ''Trochus alveolatus'' Philippi, 1851: synonym of '' Gibbula spratti'' (Forbes, 1844) * ''Trochus amabilis'' Jeffreys, 1865: synonym of '' Solariella amabilis'' (Jeffreys, 1865) * ''Trochus americanus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Lithopoma americanum ''Lithopoma americanum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Distribution This marine snail occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and off the Lesser Antilles. Descri ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus angulatus'' Tokunaga, 1906: synonym of '' Conotalopia ornata (''G. B. Sowerby III, 1903) * ''Trochus anomala'' d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of '' Vitrinella anomala'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) * ''Trochus ardens'' Salis Marschlins, 1793: synonym of '' Gibbula ardens'' (Salis Marschlins, 1793) * ''Trochus areola'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Heliacus (Heliacus) areola areola'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of ''

Heliacus areola ''Heliacus'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Architectonicidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: *'' Heliacus anaglyptus'' *'' Heliacus areola'' *'' Heliacus asteleformis'' *'' Heliacus bisulcatus'' *'' He ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus argenteonitens'' Lischke, 1872: synonym of '' Ginebis argenteonitens'' (Lischke, 1872) * ''Trochus armillatus'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Astele armillata'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus articulatus'' (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of ''

Phorcus articulatus ''Phorcus articulatus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.Gofas, S. (2012). ''Phorcus articulatus'' (Lamarck, 1822). Accessed through: World Register o ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus asper'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Euchelus asper'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus asteriscus'' Reeve, 1843: synonym of ''

Astralium asteriscum ''Astralium asteriscum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium asteriscum'' (Reeve, 1843). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species The W ...

'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Trochus atratus'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Osilinus atratus'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus attenuatus'' Jonas, 1844: synonym of '' Tosatrochus attenuatus'' (Jonas, 1844) * ''Trochus auratus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of ''

Bembicium auratum ''Bembicium auratum'', commonly known as the gold-mouthed conniwink, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae The Littorinidae are a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of over 200 ...

'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Trochus aureus'' Jonas, 1844: synonym of '' Bellastraea aurea'' (Jonas, 1844) * ''Trochus baccatus'' G.B. Sowerby, 1889: synonym of ''

Infundibulops cariniferus ''Trochus cariniferus'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2014). Trochus cariniferus Reeve, 1842. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species ...

'' (Reeve, 1842) * ''Trochus basteroti'' Hoernes, 1848: synonym of ''

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus baudoni'' Monterosato, 1891: synonym of '' Jujubinus baudoni'' (Monterosato, 1891) * ''Trochus belcheri'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of ''

Monilea belcheri ''Monilea belcheri'', common name Belcher's top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G.; Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Monilea belcheri'' Philippi, 1849. Accessed through: Worl ...

'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus bellardii'' Issel, 1869: synonym of '' Ethalia bellardii'' (Issel, 1869) * ''Trochus biasoletti'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus bicanaliculatus'' Dunker in Philippi, 1844: synonym of ''

Diloma bicanaliculata ''Diloma bicanaliculatum'', common name the knobbed top shell, is a species of small sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk, in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails. The size of the shell varies between 10 mm ...

'' (Dunker in Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus bicarinatus'' Gray J.E., 1834: synonym of '' Gibbula magus'' (

) * ''Trochus bicolor'' Perry, G., 1811: synonym of ''

'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus bicolor'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus bilabiatus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of ''

Danilia tinei ''Danilia tinei'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Chilodontidae (gastropods), Chilodontidae. Taxonomy Tommaso di Maria Allery Monterosato, Monterosato (1914) figured the holotype from Calca ...

'' (Calcara, 1839) * ''Trochus bornii'' Cantraine, 1835: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus brevispina'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

Lithopoma brevispina ''Lithopoma brevispina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Lithopoma brevispina'' (Lamarck, 1822). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at htt ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus broderipi'' Philippi, 1855: synonym of ''

Astele rubiginosa ''Astele rubiginosa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Calliostomatidae.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Astele rubiginosa'' (Valenciennes, 1846). Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...

'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus brunneus'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Tegula brunnea'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus caelatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Lithopoma caelatum ''Lithopoma caelatum'', common name the carved star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Distribution This species occurs in the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea and the Le ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus calcaratus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875: synonym of '' Infundibulum calcaratum'' (Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1874) * ''Trochus callicoccus'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of ''

* ''Trochus calliferus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Monilea callifera'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus callosus'' Koch in Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Ethalia sanguinea'' Pilsbry, 1905 * ''Trochus calyptraeformis'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Sigapatella calyptraeformis'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus canaliculatus'' Lamarck, 1818: synonym of '' Euchelus atratus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus cancellatus'' Jeffreys, 1883: synonym of '' Vetulonia paucivaricosa'' (Dautzenberg, 1889) * ''Trochus candei'' d'Orbigny, 1844: synonym of ''

Gibbula candei ''Gibbula candei'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The naturalist Alcide d'Orbigny named the gastropod after Ferdinand de Candé. The size of an adult shell varies b ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1844) * ''Trochus capensis'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Gibbula capensis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus carinatus'' d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of ''

Vitrinella carinata ''Vitrinella'' is a genus of minute sea snails, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Vitrinellidae.Rosenberg, G.; Bouchet, P. (2015). Vitrinella. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) * ''Trochus carmesinus'' Webster, 1908: synonym of '' Coelotrochus carmesinus'' (Webster, 1908) * ''Trochus charopus'' Watson, 1879: synonym of ''

Solariella charopa ''Solariella charopa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae. Description The height of the shell is 1.95 cm (0.77-inch), its diameter 1.98 cm (0.78-inch). The thin, translucent, umbilica ...

'' (Watson, 1879) * ''Trochus chemnitzii'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of ''

'' (

) * ''Trochus chinensis'' Philippi, 1841: synonym of ''

Stellaria chinensis ''Stellaria chinensis'' is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Xenophoridae, the carrier shells. Description Similarly to other species within the family of the Carrier Shells, the beautiful sea snail collects ...

'' (Philippi, 1841) * ''Trochus chrysolaemus'' Martens, 1880: synonym of '' Priotrochus goudoti'' (Fischer, 1878) * ''Trochus cicatricosus'' Philippi, 1843: synonym of ''

'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Trochus cicer'' Menke, 1844: synonym of '' Gibbula cicer'' (Menke, 1844) * ''Trochus ciliaris'' Menke, 1843: synonym of '' Astele ciliaris'' (Menke, 1843) * ''Trochus cinctus'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of ''

Solariella cincta ''Solariella cincta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Solariellidae. Description Distribution This species can be found in the Northern Atlantic and off the coasts of West Africa. In the p ...

'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus cinerarius''

: synonym of ''

Gibbula cineraria ''Steromphala cineraria'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Steromphala cineraria (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of ...

'' (

) * ''Trochus cinerascens'' Anton, 1838: synonym of ''

Gibbula leucophaea ''Gibbula leucophaea'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 7 mm. Compared with ''Gibbula adansonii'', is the shell mor ...

'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus cinereus'' Blainville, 1826 non

: synonym of ''

'' (

, 1778) * ''Trochus cingulatus'' Grube, 1839: synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (

) * ''Trochus circulatus'' Anton, 1849: synonym of '' Euchelus circulatus'' (Anton, 1849) * ''Trochus clanguloides'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Clanculus clanguloides'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus clathratus'' Aradas, 1847: synonym of '' Putzeysia wiseri'' (Calcara, 1842) * ''Trochus clelandi'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of ''

Clelandella miliaris ''Clelandella miliaris'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 7 mm and 18 mm. The imperforate, rather thin, but pretty solid ...

'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Trochus clodianus'' Nardo, 1847: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus colubrinus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of '' Phorcus sauciatus'' (Koch, 1845) * ''Trochus concameratus'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Diloma concamerata'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus concavus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Infundibulum concavum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus conchyliophorus'' Born, 1780: synonym of ''

Xenophora conchyliophora ''Xenophora conchyliophora'' is a species of medium-sized to large sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Xenophoridae, the carrier shells. Distribution This is a Western Atlantic species. Descrip ...

'' (Born, 1780) * ''Trochus concinnus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Trochus tubiferus'' Kiener, 1850 * ''Trochus conicus'' Donovan, 1803: synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus conoidalis'' Pease, 1868: synonym of ''

Peasiella conoidalis ''Peasiella conoidalis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae The Littorinidae are a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine ...

'' (Pease, 1868) * ''Trochus consors'' Lischke, 1872: synonym of ''

Calliostoma consors ''Tristichotrochus consors'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Calliostomatidae. Description The height of the shell attains 20 mm. The imperforate, rather thin shell has a broadly conica ...

'' (Lischke, 1872) * ''Trochus constellatus'' Souverbie, 1863: synonym of ''

Diloma constellata ''Austrocochlea constellata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Diloma constellata'' Souverbie, 1863. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http: ...

'' Souverbie, 1863 * ''Trochus conuloides'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus conulus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

Calliostoma conulus ''Calliostoma conulus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae. This is the type species of the genus. The variety ''Calliostoma conulus'' var. ''livida'' Dautzenberg, 1927 is a synonym of '' Ca ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus cookii'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Cookia sulcata ''Cookia sulcata'', or Cook's turban, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). Cookia sulcata (Lightfoot, 1786). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spe ...

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Trochus corallinus'' E.A. Smith, 1875: synonym of '' Homalopoma amussitatum'' (Gould, 1861) * ''Trochus corallinus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Clanculus corallinus ''Clanculus corallinus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 10 mm. The umbilicate shell has a globose-conic shape. ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus corcyrensis'' Stossich, 1865: synonym of ''

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus corrugata'' Koch, 1843: synonym of '' Monilea callifera'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus cossurensis'' Monterosato, 1875: synonym of '' Gibbula rarilineata'' (Michaud, 1829) * ''Trochus costalis'' Gould, 1841: synonym of ''

Margarites costalis ''Margarites costalis'', common name the boreal rosy margarite or the northern ridged margarite, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Margaritidae. ;Subspecies: * ''Margarites costalis baxteri'' ...

'' (Gould, 1841) * ''Trochus cranchi'' Leach, 1852: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus crassus'' (Pulteney, 1799): synonym of '' Osilinus lineatus'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Trochus creniferus'' Kiener: synonym of ''

Trochus incrassatus ''Trochus stellatus'', common name the stellate trochus, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.

'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Trochus crenulatus'' Brocchi, 1814: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus crispulus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Putzeysia wiseri'' (Calcara, 1842) * ''Trochus crispus'' König, 1825: synonym of '' Xenophora (Xenophora) crispa'' (König, 1825) * ''Trochus cruciatus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

Clanculus cruciatus ''Clanculus cruciatus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 10 mm. The narrowly umbilicate shell has a globose-coni ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus cruentatus'' Mühlfeld, 1824: synonym of '' Arene cruentata'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Trochus cumingii'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of ''

Tectarius cumingii ''Tectarius'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. Species Species within the genus ''Tectarius'' include: * '' Tectarius antonii'' (Philippi, 1846) * '' Tectarius coronat ...

'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus cunninghami'' Gray, 1834: synonym of ''

Calliostoma selectum ''Calliostoma selectum'', common name the select maurea, is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calliostomatidae, the calliostoma top snails. Some authors place this taxon in the subgenus ''Calliostoma ...

'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Trochus cylindraceus'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of ''

Heliacus cylindricus ''Heliacus'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Architectonicidae Architectonicidae, common name the staircase shells or sundials, are a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the informal group "Lower Heterobranchia" ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus cylindricus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus cyrnaeus'' Requien, 1848: synonym of ''

'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus dama'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Monodonta dama'' (Philippi, 1848) * ''Trochus dejacobi'' Aradas & Benoit, 1841: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus delicatulus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Coelotrochus tiaratus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Trochus delicatus'' Jeffreys, 1883: synonym of '' Margarites luciae'' (G. Seguenza, 1876) * ''Trochus delpretei'' Caramagna, 1888: synonym of ''

Vaceuchelus delpretei ''Vaceuchelus delpretei'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chilodontidae.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Vaceuchelus delpretei'' (Caramagna, 1888). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.ma ...

'' (Caramagna, 1888) * ''Trochus dentatus'' Forskål in Niebuhr, 1775: synonym of '' Tectus (Tectus) dentatus'' (Forskål in Niebuhr, 1775) * ''Trochus depictus'' Deshayes, 1835: synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus depressus'' Martens, 1874: synonym of '' Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Trochus dianthus'' P. Fischer, 1879: synonym of '' Spectamen bellulum'' (Angas, 1869) * ''Trochus diaphanus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Calliostoma punctulatum'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Trochus diaphanus'' d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of '' Vitrinella diaphana'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) * ''Trochus dilectus'' Sowerby III, 1899: synonym of '' Pseudominolia articulata'' (Gould, 1861) * ''Trochus diminutivus'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of ''

Peasiella tantilla ''Peasiella tantilla'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae The Littorinidae are a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine ga ...

'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Trochus discrepans'' Brown, 1818: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus divaricatus'' Fabricius, 1780: synonym of '' Lacuna vincta'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Trochus divaricatus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Gibbula divaricata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus dnopherus'' Watson, 1879: synonym of ''

Margarites dnopherus ''Margarites dnopherus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Margaritidae.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Margarites dnopherus'' (Watson, 1879). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinesp ...

'' (Watson, 1879) * ''Trochus dolabratus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Pyramidella dolabrata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus drepanensis'' Brugnone, 1873: synonym of '' Gibbula drepanensis'' (Brugnone, 1873) * ''Trochus dubius'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of ''Calliostoma conulum'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus dumerili'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus elatus'' Brusina, 1865: synonym of ''

Gibbula varia ''Steromphala varia'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Steromphala varia (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus electissimus'' Bean in Thorpe, 1844: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus elegans'' de Blainville, 1830: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus elegan''s Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Cantharidus purpureus ''Micrelenchus purpureus'', common name the red opal top shell, is a species of medium-sized sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc in the family (biology), family Trochidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Micrelenchus purp ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus elegantissimus'' Costa O.G., 1861: synonym of '' Mathilda cochlaeformis'' Brugnone, 1873 * ''Trochus elongatus'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Tosatrochus attenuatus'' (Jonas, 1844) * ''Trochus eltoniae'' Lowe, 1861: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus episcopus'' Hombron & Jacquinot, 1954: synonym of '' Cantharidus capillaceus'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus erithreus'' Brocchi, 1821: synonym of ''

Infundibulops erithreus ''Trochus erithreus'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G.; Gofas, S. (2014). Trochus erithreus Brocchi, 1821. Accessed through: World Register of Marine ...

'' (Brocchi, 1821) * ''Trochus erythraeus'' Brocchi, 1821: synonym of ''

'' (Brocchi, 1821) * ''Trochus erythreus'' ic synonym of ''

'' (Brocchi, 1821) * ''Trochus erythroleucos'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus euryomphalus'' Jonas, 1844: synonym of ''

Tegula euryomphala ''Tegula euryomphala'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tegulidae.Bouchet, P. (2013). Tegula euryomphala (Jonas, 1844). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.ph ...

'' (Jonas, 1844) * ''Trochus eucosmus'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of ''

'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus euxinicus'' Andrzeiewsky, 1837: synonym of ''

'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus exasperatus'' Pennant, 1777: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus excavatus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''

Tegula excavata ''Tegula excavata'', common name the green-based tegula, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tegulidae. Description The height of the shell varies between 12 mm and 18 mm. The umbilicate shell has a con ...

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus exiguus'' Pulteney, 1799: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus exilis'' ''Philippi, 1844'': synonym of '' Dikoleps cutleriana'' (Clark, 1849) * ''Trochus fanuloides'' ''P. Fischer, 1874'': synonym of '' Rubritrochus pulcherrimus'' (A. Adams, 1855) * ''Trochus fanulum'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Gibbula fanulum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus fermoni'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Gibbula ardens'' (Salis Marschlins, 1793) * ''Trochus festivus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of ''

'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus fictilis'' Jonas, 1846: synonym of '' Trochus erithreus'' Brocchi, 1821 * ''Trochus filosus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Cantrainea peloritana'' (Cantraine, 1835) * ''Trochus flavus'' Anton in Philippi, 1849: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus flosculus'' P. Fischer, 1878: synonym of '' Clanculus flosculus'' P. Fischer, 1880 * ''Trochus fonki'' Philippi, 1860: synonym of '' Calliostoma fonki'' (Philippi, 1860) * ''Trochus formosus'' McAndrew & Forbes, 1847: synonym of ''

'' (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842) * ''Trochus forskali'' (Bolt.) Morch: synonym of '' Trochus noduliferus'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Trochus fossulatulus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875: synonym of '' Hybochelus cancellatus'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Trochus fragilis'' Pulteney, 1799: synonym of ''

Calliostoma granulatum ''Calliostoma granulatum'', common name the European granular top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae. Some authors place this taxon in the subgenus ''Calliostoma (Maurea)''. Descripti ...

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus fragum'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of ''

Calliostoma fragum ''Calliostoma fragum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Calliostomatidae. Description The height of the shell attains 8 mm. The subperforate shell has a conical shape. It is pale purplis ...

'' (Philippi, 1848) * ''Trochus fultoni'' G.B. Sowerby III, 1890: synonym of '' Cantharidus fultoni'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1890) * ''Trochus fulvolabris'' Hmobron & Jacquinot, 1854: synonym of '' Coelotrochus viridis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus fuscatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Gibbula umbilicaris ''Steromphala umbilicaris'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Steromphala umbilicaris (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Mar ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus gemmatus'' Gould, 1845: synonym of '' Euchelus gemmatus'' (Gould, 1845) * ''Trochus gemmosus'' Reeve, 1842: synonym of ''

'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus gibberosus'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of ''

Pomaulax gibberosus ''Pomaulax gibberosus'', common name the red turban, is a species of medium-sized to large sea snail with a calcareous operculum, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2011). Pomaulax gibberosus ...

'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Trochus gibbosulus'' Brusina, 1865: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus gilberti'' Montrouzier in Fischer, 1878: synonym of '' Cantharidus polychroma'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''Trochus girgyllus'' Reeve, 1861: synonym of '' Bolma girgyllus'' (Reeve, 1861) * ''Trochus glabratus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Cantrainea peloritana'' (Cantraine, 1835) * ''Trochus gmelini'' Jonas, 1846: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus goudoti'' (Fischer, 1878): synonym of '' Priotrochus goudoti'' (Fischer, 1878) * ''Trochus granatum'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Calliostoma tigris ''Calliostoma tigris'', common name the tiger maurea, is a large species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Calliostomatidae, the Calliostoma top snails.WoRMS (2010). ''Calliostoma tigris'' (Gmelin, 1791). In: Bouchet, P ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus grandinatus'' Röding, P.F., 1798: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus granosus'' Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de, 1818: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus granosus'' Martyn, 1784: synonym of '' Turbo granosus'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Trochus granulatus'' Born, 1778: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus gravesi'' Forbes, 1844: synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus gravinae'' Dautzenberg, 1881: synonym of '' Jujubinus gravinae'' (Dautzenberg, 1881) * ''Trochus grayanus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Gibbula magus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus groenlandicus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Margarites groenlandicus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus gualterianus'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Calliostoma gualterianum'' (Philippi, 1848) * ''Trochus gualtierii'' Weinkauff, 1868: synonym of '' Calliostoma gualterianum'' (Philippi, 1848) * ''Trochus guildfordiae'' Reeve, 1842: synonym of ''

Guildfordia triumphans ''Guildfordia triumphans'', common name the triumphant star turban, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 35 mm ...

'' (Philippi, 1841) * ''Trochus guttadauri'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of '' Gibbula guttadauri'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus haematragus'' Menke, 1829: synonym of ''

Astralium haematragum ''Astralium haematragum'', common name the Pacific star shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 15 mm and 25 mm. The ...

'' (Menke, 1829) * ''Trochus hanleyanus'' Krauss, 1848: synonym of '' Trochus nigropunctatus'' Reeve, 1861 * ''Trochus helicinus'' (Phipps, 1774): synonym of '' Margarites helicinus'' (Phipps, 1774) * ''Trochus heliotropium'' Martyn, 1784: synonym of ''

Astraea heliotropium ''Astraea heliotropium'', common name the sunburst star turban or the circular saw shell, is a large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc of the family Turbinidae, the turbans and star snails.WoRMS (2010). ''Astraea heliotropium'' (Martyn, 1784 ...

'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Trochus hornungi'' Bisacchi, 1931: synonym of ''

Ethminolia hornungi ''Ethminolia hornungi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description Distribution This species occurs in the Red Sea The Red Sea ( ar, البحر الأحمر - بحر ال� ...

'' (Bisacchi, 1931) * ''Trochus horridus'' Costa O.G., 1861: synonym of ''

'' (Calcara, 1839) * ''Trochus horridus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of ''

Euchelus horridus ''Euchelus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Chilodontaidae (formerly in the family Trochidae). Description The umbilicate or imperforate shell has a globose-turbinate shape. It ...

'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus hyacinthinus'' de Blainville, 1830: synonym of '' Calliostoma laugieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus hybridus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Philippia hybrida'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus imperialis'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Trochus impervius'' Menke, 1843: synonym of '' Oxystele impervia'' (Menke, 1843) * ''Trochus incrassatus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Trochus stellatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus indicus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Onustus indicus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus inflatus'' Blainville, 1826: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus infundibuliformis'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Heliacus (Teretropoma) infundibuliformis infundibuliformis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus infundibulum'' Watson, 1879: synonym of '' Calliotropis infundibulum'' (Watson, 1879) * ''Trochus inornatus'' d’Orbigny, 1842: synonym of '' Episcynia inornata'' (d’Orbigny, 1842) * ''Trochus instrictus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of ''

Herpetopoma instrictum ''Herpetopoma instrictum'', common name the basket-like false top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chilodontidae.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Herpetopoma instrictum'' (Gould, 1849). Retrieved through: World ...

'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Trochus intermedius'' Monterosato, 1872: synonym of '' Phorcus mutabilis'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus interruptus'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Calliostoma interruptus'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus iridescens'' Schrenck, 1863: synonym of ''

Lirularia iridescens ''Lirularia iridescens'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2014). Lirularia iridescens (Schrenck, 1863). Accessed through: World Register o ...

'' (Schrenck, 1863) * ''Trochus iris'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Cantharidus iris ''Cantharidus opalus'', common name the opal top shell or in the Māori language matangongore, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). Cantharidus opalus (Mart ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus irisodontes'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of '' Phasianotrochus irisodontes'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Trochus irregularis'' Leach, 1852: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus japonicus'' (Dunker, 1845): synonym of '' Pomaulax japonicus'' (Dunker, 1845) * ''Trochus jonasi'' Philippi: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus jujubinus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Calliostoma jujubinum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus kochii'' Kiener: synonym of '' Trochus erithreus'' Brocchi, 1821 * ''Trochus labio'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

Monodonta labio ''Monodonta labio'', common name the toothed top shell or the lipped periwinkle, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Distribution This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Madaga ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus laceyi'' (G.B. Sowerby, 1889): synonym of '' Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Trochus laevigatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus laevigatus'' Sowerby J., 1817: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus laevigatus'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of '' Calliostoma gualterianum'' (Philippi, 1848) * ''Trochus laevissimus'' Martens, 1881: synonym of '' Ilanga laevissima'' (Martens, 1881) * ''Trochus lamberti'' Souverbie, 1875: synonym of '' Vaceuchelus roseolus'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869) * ''Trochus laminarum'' Jeffreys, 1883: synonym of ''

Margarites laminarum ''Margarites laminarum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Margaritidae.Gofas, S. (2012). ''Margarites laminarum'' (Jeffreys, 1883). Accessed through: World Register of Marine S ...

'' (Jeffreys, 1883) * ''Trochus lapistina'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of ''

Astralium latispina ''Astralium latispina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Astralium latispina'' (Philippi, 1844). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus largillierti'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Clanculus largillierti'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus latior'' Monterosato, 1880: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus laugieri'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Calliostoma laugieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus leachii'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of ''

'' (Gould, 1841) * ''Trochus lehmanni'' Menke, 1843: synonym of '' Prothalotia lehmanni'' (Menke, 1843) * ''Trochus lentiginosus'' Fischer: synonym of '' Monilea lentiginosa'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''Trochus lepidus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Strigosella lepida'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus leucophaeus'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of ''

(''Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus lifuanus'' Fischer, 1878: synonym of '' Monilea lifuana'' (P. Fischer, 1878) * ''Trochus ligulatus'' Menke, 1850: synonym of '' Tegula ligulata'' (Menke, 1850) * ''Trochus lima'' Watson, 1879: synonym of '' Trochus rhina'' Watson, 1886 * ''Trochus lineatus'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus lineatus'' Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de, 1822: synonym of ''

'' (Menke, 1829) * ''Trochus lineolatus'' O. G. Costa, 1830: synonym of '' Gibbula divaricata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus lineolatus'' Potiez & Michaud, 1838: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus lineolatus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus listeri'' Kiener: synonym of ''

'' Philippi, 1844 * ''Trochus lithophorus'' Blumenbach, 1803: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1780) * ''Trochus littoralis'' Brusina, 1865: synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus lucidus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''Calliostoma conulum'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus luctuosus'' d'Orbigny, 1841: synonym of '' Tegula luctuosa'' (d'Orbigny, 1841) * ''Trochus lugubris'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Diloma aethiops'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus lunaris'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Limacina retroversa ''Limacina retroversa'' is a species of swimming predatory sea snail in the family Limacinidae, that belongs to the group commonly known as sea butterflies (Thecosomata). There is one subspecies, ''Limacina retroversa australis'' (Eydoux & Sou ...

'' (Fleming, 1823) * ''Trochus luteus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of '' Bembicium melanostoma'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus lyciacus'' Forbes, 1844: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus lyonsii'' Leach, 1852: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus macandreae'' Carpenter, 1857: synonym of '' Calliostoma leanum'' (C. B. Adams, 1852) * ''Trochus maculatus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Calliostoma laugieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus maculatus verrucosus'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791: synonym of '' Trochus tubiferus'' Kiener, 1850 * ''Trochus magulus'' Deshayes, 1835: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus magus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Gibbula magus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus margaritarius'' (Philippi, 1846): synonym of '' Clanculus margaritarius'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus mariei'' Fischer, 1886: synonym of '' Pagodatrochus variabilis'' (H. Adams, 1873) * ''Trochus marmoreus'' Pease, 1868: synonym of ''

Cantharidus marmoreus ''Cantharidus marmoreus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Cantharidus marmoreus'' (Pease, 1868). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http:// ...

'' (Pease, 1868) * ''Trochus martini'' Smith J., 1839: synonym of ''

'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Trochus matoni'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus mauritianus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Tectus mauritianus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus mediterraneus'' Wood W., 1828: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus melanostoma'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Bembicium melanostoma'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus merula'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of ''

Oxystele merula ''Oxystele merula'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2013). Oxystele merula (Dillwyn, 1817). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http: ...

'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Trochus metallicus'' Reeve, 1861: synonym of ''

'' Kiener, 1850 * ''Trochus meyeri'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Astele armillata'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus michaudi'' de Blainville, 1830: synonym of '' Gibbula philberti'' (Récluz, 1843) * ''Trochus miliaris'' Brocchi, 1814: synonym of ''

'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Trochus millegranus'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of ''

'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Trochus miniatus'' Anton, 1838: synonym of '' Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Trochus minimum'' Benoit, 1843: synonym of '' Homalopoma sanguineum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus minutulus'' Jeffreys, 1883: synonym of '' Lissotesta minima'' (Seguenza, 1876) * ''Trochus modestus'' Reeve, 1843: synonym of '' Bolma modesta'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Trochus modulus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Modulus modulus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus mongenii'' Monterosato, 1872: synonym of '' Phorcus mutabilis'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus montacuti'' Jeffreys, 1865: synonym of ''

'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus montagui'' Wood, 1828: synonym of ''

'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus multicolor'' Krauss, 1848: synonym of '' Gibbula multicolor'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Trochus multigranus'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus muricatus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Cenchritis muricatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus mutabilis'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Phorcus mutabilis'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus nabateus'' Issel, 1869: synonym of '' Priotrochus obscurus obscurus'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus nanus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Bembicium nanum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus nebulosus'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus neritoides'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Monodonta neritoides'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus nigerrimus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Omphalius nigerrimus ''Omphalius'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The p ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus niloticus'' Linnaeus, 1767: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Trochus nobilis'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of ''

'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus nucleus'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Rossiteria nucleus'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus obliquatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Trochus obscurus'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Priotrochus obscurus'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus occidentalis'' Mighels & Adams, 1842: synonym of ''

'' (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842) * ''Trochus ochotensis'' Philippi, 1851: synonym of '' Margarites ochotensis'' (Philippi, 1851) * ''Trochus ochraceus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of ''

'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Trochus ochroleurcus'' ic synonym of '' Trochus ochroleucus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus olfersii'' Philippi, 1850: synonym of ''

Lithopoma tectum ''Lithopoma tectum'', common name the West Indian starsnail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Distribution This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the ...

'' ( ightfoot 1786) * ''Trochus olivaceus'' Anton, 1838: synonym of ''

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus ornatus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Calliostoma ornatum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus ottoi'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Calliotropis ottoi'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus pagodus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

Tectarius pagodus ''Tectarius pagodus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae. That family is commonly known as the winkles or periwinkles. Description This species is the largest member of the genus Tectarius, and (li ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus pallidus'' Hombron & Jacquinot, 1854: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus papillosum'' Da Costa, 1778: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus papillosus'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus parvulus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of ''

'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus patagonicus'' d'Orbigny, 1835: synonym of '' Tegula patagonica'' (d'Orbigny, 1835) * ''Trochus patholatus'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of '' Gibbula tumida'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Trochus pauperculus'' Lischke, 1872: synonym of '' Herpetopoma pauperculum'' (Lischke, 1872) * ''Trochus pellucidus'' Valenciennes, 1846: synonym of '' Calliostoma pellucidum'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus pennanti'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Gibbula pennanti'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus perlatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''Modulus perlatus'' (Gmelin, 1791) represented as '' Modulus modulus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus perspectiviunculus'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of '' Heliacus variegatus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus perspectivus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

Architectonica perspectiva ''Architectonica perspectiva'', whose common name is the clear or perspective sundial shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family Architectonicidae, which are known as the staircase shells or sundi ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus perversus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

Monophorus perversus ''Monophorus per versus'' is a species of minute sea snail with left-handed shell-coiling, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Triphoridae.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). ''Monophorus perversus'' (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed th ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus pharaonius'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

Clanculus pharaonius ''Clanculus pharaonius'', common name the strawberry topshell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. It is the type species of this genus. Description The size of the shell varies bet ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus phasianellus'' (Deshayes, 1863): synonym of '' Calliotrochus marmoreus'' (Pease, 1861) * ''Trochus philberti'' Récluz, 1843: synonym of '' Gibbula philberti'' (Récluz, 1843) * ''Trochus philippensis'' R. B. Watson, 1881: synonym of '' Spectamen philippense'' (Watson, 1881) * ''Trochus philippii'' Aradas, 1847: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus pictus'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of ''

Thalotia conica ''Thalotia conica'', common name the conical top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Thalotia conica'' (Gray, 1827). Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...

'' (Gray, 1827) * ''Trochus pictus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Gibbula spratti'' (Forbes, 1844) * ''Trochus pileus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Trochita pileus'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus piperinus'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Diloma piperina'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus planus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of '' Bembicium nanum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus polaris'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of ''

'' (Gould, 1841) * ''Trochus ponsonbyi'' G.B. Sowerby, 1888: synonym of '' Priotrochus obscurus ponsonbyi'' (G. B. Sowerby, 1888) * ''Trochus poupineli'' Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875: synonym of ''

Calliostoma comptum ''Fautor comptus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Calliostomatidae Calliostomatidae is a family of sea snails within the superfamily Trochoidea and the clade Vetigastropoda.Gofas, S. (2013). Calliosto ...

'' A. Adams, 1855 * ''Trochus prodicta'' Fischer, 1879: synonym of '' Ethminolia probabilis'' Iredale, 1924 * ''Trochus profugus'' de Gregorio, 1889: synonym of ''

'' (Calcara, 1839) * ''Trochus pruninus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of '' Cantharidus capillaceus'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus pulligo'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Tegula pulligo ''Tegula pulligo'', common name the dusky tegula, is a species of medium-sized sea snail with gills and an operculum, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tegulidae.Rosenberg, G. (2013). Tegula pulligo (Gmelin, 1791). Accessed through: World ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus punctulatus'' Martyn, 1784: synonym of '' Calliostoma punctulatum'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Trochus puniceus'' (Philippi, 1846): synonym of ''

Clanculus puniceus ''Clanculus puniceus'', common names the strawberry top shell or purplish clanculus, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top shells.WoRMS (2011). Clanculus puniceus (Philippi, 1846). Acce ...

'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus purpureus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * * ''Trochus pustulosus'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of ''Trochus calcaratus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875 * ''Trochus pyramidatus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus quadricarinatus'' Holten, 1802: synonym of '' Euchelus asper'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus quadricostatus'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Tegula quadricostata'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus racketti'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Gibbula racketti'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus radians'' Lamarck, 1816: synonym of '' Trochita trochiformis'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus radiatus'' Anton, 1838: synonym of '' Phorcus richardi'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus rarilineatus'' Michaud, 1829: synonym of '' Gibbula rarilineata'' (Michaud, 1829) * ''Trochus reinierius'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus rhina'' Watson, 1886: synonym of ''

Calliotropis rhina ''Solariella rhina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae. Description The shell grows to a length of 10 mm. The shell has a conical shape, with a broad and tumid base and a wide narrowed umbilic ...

'' (Watson, 1886) * ''Trochus rhodostomus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Astralium rhodostomum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus rhysus'' Watson, 1879: synonym of '' Calliotropis rhysa'' (Watson, 1879) * ''Trochus richardi'' (Payraudeau, 1826): synonym of '' Phorcus richardi'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus rigatus'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Monilea callifera'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus roissyi'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus roseolus'' G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869: synonym of '' Vaceuchelus roseolus'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869) * ''Trochus roseus'' Salis Marschlins, 1793: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus rostratus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus rotellina'' Gould, 1849: synonym of '' Camitia rotellina'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Trochus rotularius'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Astralium rotularium'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus rubiginosus'' Valenciennes, 1846: synonym of ''

'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus rugulosus'' Koch, 1848: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus ruscurianus'' Weinkauff, 1868: synonym of '' Jujubinus ruscurianus'' (Weinkauff, 1868) * ''Trochus rusticus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Omphalius rusticus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus sacellus'' Philippi, R.A., 1854: synonym of ''

'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875 * ''Trochus sagittiferus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Phorcus sauciatus'' (Koch, 1845) * ''Trochus sandwichiensis'' Souleyet, F.L.A., 1852: synonym of ''

'' Kiener, L.C., 1850 * ''Trochus sarniensis'' Norman, 1888: synonym of ''

'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Trochus sauciatus'' Koch, 1845: synonym of '' Phorcus sauciatus'' (Koch, 1845) * ''Trochus saulcyi'' d'Orbigny, 1840: synonym of '' Phorcus sauciatus'' (Koch, 1845) * ''Trochus scaber'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

Euchelus scaber ''Euchelus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Chilodontaidae (formerly in the family Trochidae). Description The umbilicate or imperforate shell has a globose-turbinate shape. It is umbilicate or imperforate. ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus scabrosus'' Philippi, 1850: synonym of '' Clanculus scabrosus'' (Philippi, 1850) * ''Trochus scabrosus'' Jeffreys, 1883: synonym of '' Putzeysia wiseri'' (Calcara, 1842) * ''Trochus schantaricus'' Middendorff, 1849: synonym of ''

Margarites schantaricus ''Margarites schantaricus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Margaritidae.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Margarites schantaricus'' (Middendorff, 1849). Accessed through: World Register ...

'' (Middendorff, 1849) * ''Trochus scrobiculatus'' Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1866: synonym of '' Vaceuchelus clathratus'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''Trochus scrobiculatus'' Souverbie, 1886: synonym of '' Vaceuchelus scrobiculatus'' (Souverbie, 1866) * ''Trochus selectus'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of ''

'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Trochus semicostatus'' Kiener, 1850: synonym of '' Astralium semicostatum'' (Kiener, 1850) * ''Trochus semiglobosus'' Aradas, 1847: synonym of '' Gibbula pennanti'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus semistriatus'' d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of '' Teinostoma semistriatum'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) * ''Trochus seriatus'' Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1824: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus seriopunctatus'' de Blainville, 1830: synonym of '' Calliostoma laugieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus shinagawaensis'' Tokunaga, 1906: synonym of ''

Calliostoma shinagawaense ''Calliostoma shinagawaense'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae. Some authors place this taxon in the subgenus ''Calliostoma (Tristichotrochus)''. ;Subspecies: * ''Calliostoma shinagawense ...

'' (Tokunaga, 1906) * ''Trochus signatus'' Jonas, 1844: synonym of '' Priotrochus obscurus obscurus'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus sinensis'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Oxystele sinensis ''Oxystele sinensis'', common name the pink-lipped topshell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 18 mm and 51 mm. Distribu ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus sismondae'' Issel, 1869: synonym of ''

Peasiella isseli ''Peasiella isseli'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae The Littorinidae are a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gas ...

'' (Semper in Issel, 1869) * ''Trochus smaragdinus'' Monterosato, 1880: synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus smaragdus'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus smithi'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Monilea smithi'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus socius'' Fischer P., 1895: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus solaris'' Linnaeus, 1764: synonym of '' Stellaria solaris'' (Linnaeus, 1764) * ''Trochus solaris'' Brocchi, 1814: synonym of '' Bolma rugosa'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Trochus solidus'' Jonas: synonym of '' Trochus firmus'' Philippi, 1849 * ''Trochus splendidus'' Philippi, 1855: synonym of ''

'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus spongiarum'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1885: synonym of '' Calliostoma laugieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus spratti'' Forbes, 1844: synonym of '' Gibbula spratti'' (Forbes, 1844) * ''Trochus spurcus'' Gould, 1856: synonym of '' Gibbula spurca'' (Gould, 1856) * ''Trochus squamiferus'' Koch, 1844: synonym of '' Bellastraea squamifera'' (Koch, 1844) * ''Trochus stellaris'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Trochus stellatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus stenomphalus'' G. B. Sowerby III, 1890: synonym of ''Jujubinus suarezensis fultoni'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1890) † * ''Trochus stramineus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Heliacus (Grandeliacus) stramineus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus striatulus'' Garrett, 1857: synonym of '' Calliotrochus marmoreus'' (Pease, 1861) * ''Trochus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus strigosus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus suavis'' Philippi, 1850: synonym of '' Pictodiloma suavis'' (Philippi, 1850) * ''Trochus subcarinatus'' (Swainson, 1855): synonym of '' Astele subcarinata'' Swainson, 1855 * ''Trochus subviridis'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Trochus nigropunctatus'' Reeve, 1861 * ''Trochus succinctus'' Monterosato, 1880: synonym of '' Gibbula ardens'' (Salis Marschlins, 1793) * ''Trochus sulcatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Trochus sulcatus'' Martyn, 1784: synonym of ''

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Trochus surgillatus'' Reeve, 1861: synonym of ''

'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus suturalis'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of '' Callumbonella suturalis'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus tampaensis'' Conrad, 1846: synonym of ''

Calliostoma tampaense ''Calliostoma tampaense'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Calliostomatidae. Description The shell grows to a height of 24 mm. The shell has a straight conical form, broader than ''Call ...

'' (Conrad, 1846) * ''Trochus tamsii'' Dunker in Philippi, 1845: synonym of '' Phorcus atratus'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus tantillus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of ''

'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Trochus tectum'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Modulus tectum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus tectumchinense'' Noodt, 1819: synonym of

(Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Trochus tectus'' Lightfoot, 1786: synonym of ''

'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Trochus tenebricus'' Reeve, 1861: synonym of ''

'' Kiener, 1850 * ''Trochus tentoriiformis'' Jonas, 1845: synonym of '' Astralium tentoriiforme'' (Jonas, 1845) * ''Trochus tentorium'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Tectus tentorium ''Trochus tentorium'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tegulidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Trochus tentorium Gmelin, 1791. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.mari ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus tenuis'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus tessulatus'' Born, 1778: synonym of '' Phorcus turbinatus'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus tetragonostoma'' Jordan, 1895: synonym of '' Callumbonella suturalis'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus textilis'' Reeve, 1861: synonym of '' Trochus nigropunctatus'' Reeve, 1861 * ''Trochus texturatus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus tiaratus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of '' Coelotrochus tiaratus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Trochus tiberianus'' Crosse, 1863: synonym of '' Cantharidella tiberiana'' (Crosse, 1863) * ''Trochus tigrinus'' Anton, 1838: synonym of '' Oxystele tigrina'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Trochus tigris'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus tornatus'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Calliostoma tornatum'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Trochus torosus'' Kiener, 1850: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus torquatus'' Anton in Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Calliostoma pellucidum'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus tranquebaricus'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Calliostoma tranquebaricum'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Trochus tricarinatus'' Lamarck, 1818: synonym of '' Euchelus asper'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus tricolor'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus trisulcatus'' Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775: synonym of ''

Terebralia palustris ''Terebralia palustris'', common name the giant mangrove whelk, is a species of brackish-water snail, a gastropod mollusk in the family Potamididae. This tropical species which inhabits mangrove environments of the Indo-West Pacific region,Houbr ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Trochus triumphans'' Philippi, 1841: synonym of ''

'' (Philippi, 1841) * ''Trochus tuber'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

Lithopoma tuber ''Lithopoma tuber'', common name the green star shell, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 75 mm. The ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus tuberculatus'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of '' Gibbula magus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus tuberculatus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Gibbula fanulum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus tuberculosus'' d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of '' Parviturbo tuberculosus'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) * ''Trochus tubifer'' ic synonym of '' Trochus tubiferus'' Kiener, 1850 * ''Trochus tumidulus'' Nardo, 1847: synonym of ''

'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus tumidulus'' Aradas, 1846: synonym of '' Jujubinus tumidulus'' (Aradas, 1846) * ''Trochus tumidus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Gibbula tumida'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Trochus turbiformis'' Salis Marschlins, 1793: synonym of ''

'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus turbinatus'' Born, 1778: synonym of '' Osilinus turbinatus'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus turbinoides'' Deshayes, 1835: synonym of '' Gibbula turbinoides'' (Deshayes, 1835) * ''Trochus umbilicalis'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of ''

'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Trochus umbilicaris'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus umbilicatus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of ''

'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Trochus undosus'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of ''

Megastraea undosa ''Megastraea undosa'', common name the wavy turban snail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Turbinidae, the turban snails. This species is native to the coast of California. Distribution This ...

'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus undulatus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Gibbula fanulum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus unguis'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of ''

Uvanilla unguis ''Uvanilla unguis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Uvanilla unguis'' (W. Wood, 1828). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.ma ...

'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus unicus'' Dunker, 1860: synonym of ''

Calliostoma unicum ''Calliostoma unicum'', common name Dall's unicum top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calliostomatidae. Some authors place this taxon in the subgenus ''Calliostoma (Tristichotrochus)'' Description ...

'' (Dunker, 1860) * ''Trochus unidentatus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Jujubinus unidentatus'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus vaillanti'' P. Fisher, 1882: synonym of '' Solariella vaillanti'' (P. Fischer, 1882) * ''Trochus varians'' O. G. Costa, 1830: synonym of '' Gibbula divaricata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus varians'' Deshayes, 1835: synonym of ''

'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus variegatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Heliacus (Heliacus) variegatus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus varius'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus venosus'' Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1816: synonym of '' Jujubinus unidentatus'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus vernus'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus verrucosus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus vestiarius'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Umbonium vestiarium'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus vieillioti'' (Payraudeau, 1826): synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus villicus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Gibbula philberti'' (Récluz, 1843) * ''Trochus violaceus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''Calliostoma conulum'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus virgatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Tectus virgatus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus viridis'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Coelotrochus viridis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus viridulus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Tegula viridula ''Agathistoma viridulum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Tegulidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Agathistoma viridulum (Gmelin, 1791). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus vividus'' Reeve, 1861 : synonym of ''

'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus vulgaris'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus wilsi'' Pickery, 1989: synonym of ''

'' Reeve, 1842 * ''Trochus wiseri'' Calcara, 1842: synonym of '' Putzeysia wiseri'' (Calcara, 1842) * ''Trochus yokohamensis'' Bock, 1878: synonym of '' Kanekotrochus infuscatus'' (Gould, 1861) * ''Trochus zelandicus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of '' Diloma zelandica'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Trochus ziczac'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Echinolittorina ziczac ''Echinolittorina ziczac'', previously known as ''Littorina ziczac'', common name the "zebra periwinkle", is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Littorinidae. This species lives in the tropical Western Atlantic ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus zizyphinus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus zonatus'' Jeffreys, 1856: synonym of '' Phorcus turbinatus'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus (Collonia) verruca'' Gould, 1845: synonym of '' Collonista verruca'' (Gould, 1845) ;The following species are nomina dubia (names of unknown or doubtful application): * ''Trochus bicinctus'' Philippi, 1849 * ''Trochus quadricinctus'' Mühlfeld, 1824 ;Species inquirenda: * ''Trochus artensis'' P. Fischer, 1878 * ''Trochus fabrei'' Montrouzier in Fischer, 1878 * ''Trochus incarnatus'' Philippi, 1846 * ''Trochus pulchellus'' Philippi, 1846 * ''Trochus reevei'' Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1866 * ''Trochus rhodomphalus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875 * ''Trochus saga'' Philippi, 1846 * ''Trochus scrobiculatus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1866 * ''Trochus sublaevis'' Geinitz, 1842 * ''Trochus subviridis'' Philippi, 1848

References

* A. Adams, ''Contributions toward a Monograph of the Trochidae'', in Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851, pp. 150–192. * R- A. Philippi, ''Monograph of Trochus'' in Syst. Conchylien Cabinet, ed. 2 (1846 to about 1856). * Lovell Reeve, In Conchologia Iconica vol. xiii. (1861) (a very incomplete work) * Herbert G.G. (1993). ''Revision of the Trochinae, tribe Trochini (Gastropoda: Trochidae) of southern Africa''. Annals of the natal Museum 34(2):239-308. * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

History

Shell description

Species

Synonyms

References

Further reading