''Trivia'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of small
sea snails,
marine gastropod molluscs in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Triviidae
Triviidae is a taxonomic family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cypraeoidea of the order Littorinimorpha. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Triviidae Troschel, 1863. Accessed through: World Register of ...
, the trivias.
[Gofas, S. (2010). Trivia. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138582 on 2010-11-04]
These are known in Britain as "cowries". The shell of these species does superficially resemble the shell of a very small
cowry
Cowrie or cowry () is the common name for a group of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.
The term ''porcelain'' derives from the old Italian term for the cowrie shell (''porcellana'') d ...
, but ''Trivia'' species are not very closely related to true cowries.
Species
The genus ''Trivia'' has recently been split into many genera, including ''Cleotrivia'', ''Niveria'', ''Pusula'', ''Triviella'', ''Trivirostra'' etc., but this information is not yet shown completely in the species list below. There is currently no consensus about definition of the genera backed by a reliable phylogenetic scheme, for which reason all European species in the ERMS context are maintained under genus ''Trivia'', around the type species ''Trivia arctica''.
Species within the genus ''Trivia'' include, according to the
World Register of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms.
Content
The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialis ...
(WoRMS)
* ''
Trivia arctica
''Trivia arctica'', the northern cowrie, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Triviidae, the trivias. This is a similar species to ''Trivia monacha'' and it often occurs in the same areas. The name ''Triv ...
''
( Pulteney, 1799) - unspotted cowrie, northern cowrie, in
Scotland
Scotland (, ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a Anglo-Scottish border, border with England to the southeast ...
a "groatie-buckie"
* ''
Trivia candidula''
Gaskoin, 1836 - little white trivia,
* †''
Trivia coccinelloides''
(J. de C. Sowerby I, 1822)
* ''
Trivia cylindrica''
Dolin, 2001
* ''
Trivia dakarensis''
Schilder, 1967
* ''
Trivia grohorum''
(Fehse & Grego, 2008)
* ''
Trivia leditae''
Rios, 2009
*''
Trivia levantina''
(Smriglio, Mariottini & Buzzurro, 1998)
* ''
Trivia mediterranea''
( Risso, 1826)
* † ''
Trivia merlini''
Fehse & Van de Haar, 2015
*''
Trivia monacha
''Trivia monacha'', also known as the European cowrie or spotted cowrie, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Triviidae, the trivias.
The name ''Trivia'' means "common" and the word ''monacha'' means "solita ...
''
(da Costa
Costa (, , , , ), sometimes Costas, da Costa, Da Costa, or Dalla Costa, is an Italian, Portuguese and Spanish surname. The surname spread throughout the world through colonization. It is also a surname chosen by Jews and other religious groups due ...
, 1778) - spotted cowrie
* ''
Trivia multilirata''
( Sowerby, 1870)
* ''
Trivia napolina''
( Kiener, 1843)
* † ''
Trivia parvula''
Schilder, 1933
*
† ''
Trivia pinguior''
Marwick, 1926
* ''
Trivia spongicola''
( Monterosato, 1923)
* † ''
Trivia testudinella''
S.V. Wood, 1842 †
;Species named in other databases:
* ''
Trivia californiana''
(Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1827) - California trivia
* ''
Trivia sanguinea''
(Sowerby, 1832)
* ''
Trivia solandri''
(Sowerby, 1832) - Solander's trivia
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Trivia abyssicola''
Schepman, 1909: synonym of ''
Trivellona abyssicola''
( Schepman, 1909)
* ''Trivia acuminata''
Schilder, 1932: synonym of ''Trivia monacha''
(da Costa
Costa (, , , , ), sometimes Costas, da Costa, Da Costa, or Dalla Costa, is an Italian, Portuguese and Spanish surname. The surname spread throughout the world through colonization. It is also a surname chosen by Jews and other religious groups due ...
, 1778)
* ''Trivia acutisulcata''
Kenyon, 1900: synonym of ''
Cleotrivia globosa''
(Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
in G. B. Sowerby II, 1832)
* ''Trivia affinis''
Marrat, 1867: synonym of ''
Purpurcapsula corinneae''
(Shaw, 1909)
* ''Trivia antillarum''
Schilder, 1922 - Antilles trivia : synonym of ''
Cleotrivia antillarum''
( Schilder, 1922)
* ''Trivia aperta''
( Swainson, 1822): synonym of ''
Triviella aperta''
( Swainson, 1822)
* ''Trivia atomaria''
Dall, 1902: synonym of ''
Cleotrivia atomaria''
( Dall, 1902)
* ''Trivia bipunctata''
Odhner, 1917: synonym of ''
Ellatrivia bipunctata''
( Odhner, 1917)
* ''Trivia bitou''
Pallary, 1912: synonym of ''Trivia candidula''
(Gaskoin, 1836)
* ''Trivia caelatura''
Hedley, 1918: synonym of ''
Ellatrivia caelatura''
(Hedley, 1918)
* ''Trivia calvariola''
Kilburn, 1980: synonym of ''
Triviella calvariola''
(Kilburn, 1980)
*
† ''Trivia canariensis''
Rothpletz & Simonelli, 1890: synonym of
† ''
Pseudopusula canariensis''
(Rothpletz & Simonelli, 1890)
* ''Trivia corinneae''
Shaw, 1909: synonym of ''
Purpurcapsula corinneae''
(Shaw, 1909)
* ''Trivia corrugata''
Pease, 1868: synonym of ''
Trivirostra corrugata''
( Pease, 1868)
* ''Trivia cosmoi''
Dautzenberg, 1921: synonym of ''
Cleotrivia globosa''
(Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
in G. B. Sowerby II, 1832)
* ''Trivia costata''
( Gmelin, 1791): synonym of ''
Triviella costata''
( Gmelin, 1791)
* ''Trivia dalmatica''
Coen, 1937: synonym of ''Trivia multilirata''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1870)
* ''Trivia dartevellei''
Knudsen, 1955: synonym of ''
Pseudopusula depauperata''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
* ''Trivia debruini''
Lorenz, 1994: synonym of ''
Triviella goslineri''
(Liltved & Millard, 1994)
* ''Trivia desirabilis''
Iredale, 1912: synonym of ''
Semitrivia desirabilis''
(Iredale, 1912)
* ''Trivia dorsolevigata''
Schilder, 1932: synonym of ''Trivia arctica''
(Pulteney, 1799)
* ''Trivia edgari''
Shaw, 1909: synonym of ''
Trivirostra edgari''
(Shaw, 1909)
* ''Trivia elsiae''
Howard & Sphon, 1960: synonym of ''
Pusula elsiae''
(Howard & Sphon, 1960)
* ''Trivia eos''
Roberts, 1913: synonym of ''
Trivellona eos''
(Roberts, 1913)
* ''Trivia eratoides''
Liltved, 1986: synonym of ''
Trivellona eratoides''
(Liltved, 1986)
* ''Trivia europaea''
(Montagu, 1808): synonym of ''Trivia monacha''
(da Costa
Costa (, , , , ), sometimes Costas, da Costa, Da Costa, or Dalla Costa, is an Italian, Portuguese and Spanish surname. The surname spread throughout the world through colonization. It is also a surname chosen by Jews and other religious groups due ...
, 1778)
* ''Trivia exigua''
(Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1832) : synonym of ''
Trivirostra exigua''
(Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1831)
* ''Trivia flora''
Marwick, 1928: synonym of ''Trivia zealandica'' Kirk, 1882: synonym of
† ''
Ellatrivia zealandica''
(Kirk, 1882)
* ''Trivia gaskoini''
Roberts, 1870: synonym of ''
Trivirostra scabriuscula''
(Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1827)
* ''Trivia globosa''
(Sowerby II, 1832): synonym of ''
Cleotrivia globosa''
(Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
in G.B. Sowerby II, 1832)
* ''Trivia globulosa''
Locard & Caziot, 1900: synonym of ''Trivia arctica''
(Pulteney, 1799)
* ''Trivia goslineri''
Liltved & Millard, 1994: synonym of ''
Triviella goslineri''
(Liltved & Millard, 1994)
* ''Trivia hallucinata''
Liltved, 1984: synonym of ''
Semitrivia hallucinata''
(Liltved, 1984)
* ''Trivia hispania''
Cate, 1979: synonym of ''Trivia arctica''
(Pulteney, 1799)
* ''Trivia hordacea''
(Keiner, 1843): synonym of ''
Trivirostra hordacea''
(Kiener, 1843)
* ''Trivia hybrida''
Schilder, 1931: synonym of ''
Pusula hybrida''
( Schilder, 1931)
*'' Trivia insecta''
( Mighels, 1845): synonym of ''
Trivirostra hordacea''
(Kiener, 1844)
* ''Trivia jousseaumei''
Locard, 1886: synonym of ''
Trivia monacha
''Trivia monacha'', also known as the European cowrie or spotted cowrie, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Triviidae, the trivias.
The name ''Trivia'' means "common" and the word ''monacha'' means "solita ...
''
(da Costa
Costa (, , , , ), sometimes Costas, da Costa, Da Costa, or Dalla Costa, is an Italian, Portuguese and Spanish surname. The surname spread throughout the world through colonization. It is also a surname chosen by Jews and other religious groups due ...
, 1778)
* ''Trivia khanya''
Liltved, 1986: synonym of ''
Triviella khanya''
(Liltved, 1986)
* ''Trivia lemaitrei''
Liltved, 1986: synonym of ''
Triviella lemaitrei''
(Liltved, 1986)
* ''Trivia leucosphaera''
Schilder, 1931 - little white trivia : synonym of ''
Dolichupis leucosphaera''
( Schilder, 1931)
* ''Trivia liltvedi''
Gofas, 1984: synonym of ''
Niveria liltvedi''
(Gofas, 1984)
* ''Trivia magnidentata''
Liltved, 1986: synonym of ''
Triviella magnidentata''
(Liltved, 1986)
* ''Trivia maltbiana''
Schwengel and McGinty, 1942: synonym of ''
Pusula maltbiana''
(Schwengel & McGinty, 1942)
* ''Trivia marlowi''
Rosenberg & Finley, 2001: synonym of ''
Trivellona marlowi''
(Rosenberg & Finley, 2001)
* ''Trivia massieri''
Martin & Poppe, 1991: synonym of ''
Triviella massieri''
(Martin & Poppe, 1991)
* ''Trivia merces''
( Iredale, 1924) - New Zealand cowry: synonym of ''
Ellatrivia merces''
(Iredale, 1924)
* ''Trivia millardi''
(Cate, 1979) - West Coast baby's toes : synonym of ''
Triviella millardi''
(Cate, 1979)
* ''Trivia mollerati''
Locard, 1894: synonym of ''Trivia arctica''
(Pulteney, 1799)
* ''Trivia multicostata''
Liltved, 1986: synonym of ''
Trivellona multicostata''
(Liltved, 1986)
* ''Trivia myrae''
Campbell, 1961: synonym of ''
Dolichupis myrae''
(Campbell, 1961)
* ''Trivia neglecta''
( Schilder, 1930): synonym of ''
Triviella neglecta''
Schilder, 1930
* ''Trivia nix''
( Schilder, 1922) - snowy trivia: synonym of ''
Niveria nix''
( Schilder, 1922)
* ''Trivia oryza''
(Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1810): synonym of ''
Trivirostra oryza''
(Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1810)
* ''Trivia occidentalis''
Schilder, 1922: synonym of ''
Cleotrivia antillarum''
( Schilder, 1922)
* ''Trivia ovulata''
(Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1810) - baby's toes: synonym of ''
Triviella ovulata''
(Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1811)
* ''Trivia pacei''
Petuch, 1987: synonym of ''
Pusula cimex''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1870)
* ''Trivia paucicostata''
Schepman, 1909: synonym of ''
Trivellona paucicostata''
( Schepman, 1909)
* ''Trivia pediculus''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758) - coffeebean trivia: synonym of ''
Pusula pediculus''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758)
* ''Trivia pediculus'' var. ''permagna''
Johnson
Johnson is a surname of Anglo-Norman origin meaning "Son of John". It is the second most common in the United States and 154th most common in the world. As a common family name in Scotland, Johnson is occasionally a variation of ''Johnston'', a ...
, 1910: synonym of
† ''
Pusula permagna''
(Johnson
Johnson is a surname of Anglo-Norman origin meaning "Son of John". It is the second most common in the United States and 154th most common in the world. As a common family name in Scotland, Johnson is occasionally a variation of ''Johnston'', a ...
, 1910)
* ''Trivia pellucidula''
(Gaskoin, 1846): synonym of ''
Trivirostra pellucidula''
(Gaskoin, 1846)
* ''Trivia phalacra''
( Schilder, 1930): synonym of ''
Triviella phalacra''
Schilder, 1930
* ''Trivia procella''
Cate, 1979: synonym of ''
Trivia monacha
''Trivia monacha'', also known as the European cowrie or spotted cowrie, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Triviidae, the trivias.
The name ''Trivia'' means "common" and the word ''monacha'' means "solita ...
''
(da Costa, 1778)
* ''Trivia producta''
(Gaskoin, 1836): synonym of ''
Dolichupis producta''
(Gaskoin, 1836)
* ''Trivia pulex''
(Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1827): synonym of ''Trivia mediterranea''
(Risso, 1826)
* ''Trivia pullicina''
Mollerat, 1890: synonym of ''Trivia mediterranea''
(Risso, 1826)
* ''Trivia quadripunctata''
(Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1827) - four-spot trivia,: synonym of ''
Niveria quadripunctata''
* ''Trivia ritteri''
Raymond, 1903: synonym of ''
Dolichupis ritteri''
(Raymond, 1903)
* ''Trivia rubra''
Shaw, 1909: synonym of ''
Triviella rubra''
(Shaw, 1909)
* ''Trivia sanctispiritus''
Shikama, 1974: synonym of ''
Triviella sanctispiritus''
(Shikama, 1974)
* ''Trivia sibogae''
Schepman, 1909: synonym of ''
Trivellona sibogae''
( Schepman, 1909)
* ''Trivia splendidissima''
( Tomlin & Schilder, 1934): synonym of ''
Triviella splendidissima''
( Tomlin & Schilder, 1934)
* ''Trivia suavis''
Schilder, 1931: synonym of ''
Trivellona suavis''
( Schilder, 1931)
* ''Trivia suffusa''
(Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1832) - pink trivia,: synonym of''
Niveria suffusa''
* ''Trivia tortuga''
Cate, 1979: synonym of ''Trivia hispania''
C. N. Cate, 1979 accepted as
Trivia arctica
''Trivia arctica'', the northern cowrie, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Triviidae, the trivias. This is a similar species to ''Trivia monacha'' and it often occurs in the same areas. The name ''Triv ...
(Pulteney, 1799)
* ''Trivia valerieae''
Hart, 1996: synonym of ''
Trivellona valerieae''
(Hart, 1996)
* ''Trivia vemacola''
Liltved, 1987: synonym of ''
Quasipusula vemacola''
(Liltved, 1987)
* ''Trivia verhoefi''
Gosliner & Liltved, 1982: synonym of ''
Triviella verhoefi''
(Gosliner & Liltved, 1981)
* ''Trivia vesicularis''
(Gaskoin, 1836): synonym of ''
Trivellona vesicularis''
(Gaskoin, 1836)
* ''Trivia virginiae''
Liltved, 1986: synonym of ''
Triviella virginiae''
(Liltved, 1986)
* ''Trivia vitrosphaera''
Dolin, 2001: synonym of ''
Gregoia vitrosphaera''
(Dolin, 2001) (original combination)
* ''Trivia zealandica''
Kirk, 1882: synonym of
† ''
Ellatrivia zealandica''
(Kirk, 1882)
European species:
''Trivia arctica'', ''T. candidula'', ''T. monacha'' and ''T. multirilata''
Western Atlantic species with updated genera
* ''
Cleotrivia antillarum''
( Schilder, 1922)
* ''
Cleotrivia candidula''
(Gaskoin, 1836)
* ''
Cleotrivia leucosphaera''
( Schilder, 1931)
* ''
Niveria nix''
( Schilder, 1922)
* ''
Niveria quadripunctata''
(Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1827)
* ''
Niveria suffusa''
(Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1827)
* ''
Pusula hybrida''
( Schilder, 1931)
* ''
Pusula maltbiana''
(Schwengel & McGinty, 1942)
* ''
Pusula pacei''
(Petuch, 1987)
* ''
Pusula pediculus''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758)
* ''
Trivia procella''
Cate, 1979
* ''
Trivirostra corinneae''
(Shaw, 1909) (extralimital)
References
*
* Liltved, W. R. 2000 ''Cowries and their relatives of southern Africa''
*
Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'',
William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
* Glen Pownall, ''New Zealand Shells and Shellfish'', Seven Seas Publishing Pty Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand 1979
* Sea Slug Foru
* Malacolog list of western Atlantic specie
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3539741
Triviidae
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
Gastropod genera