''Triunfo'' (

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Cana ...

: ''Triumph'') was a weekly cultural and political magazine published from 1946 to 1982 in Madrid,

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

. Launched as an illustrated film magazine it was became one of the most significant publications in the country during and after the Franco rule.

History and profile

''Triunfo'' was founded by José Ángel Ezcurra in

Valencia Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...

in 1946 as an illustrated film magazine. He was also owner and editor of the magazine. In 1962, Ezcurra moved the magazine to

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

where it was published weekly until August 1982. ''Triunfo'' focused on general politics, social studies and popularized economics from 1945 to 1967. However, its orientation was changed and began to offer literary articles beginning by the mid-1960s. The magazine folded 1982. Particularly from 1968, deputy editor

Eduardo Haro Tecglen Eduardo Haro Tecglen (1924–2005) was a Spanish journalist, writer and theatre critic. Born in Madrid, he studied at the Official School of Journalism where he graduated in 1943. After having been the Paris correspondent for ''Informaciones'' and ...

published lead

editorial An editorial, or leading article (UK) or leader (UK) is an article written by the senior editorial people or publisher of a newspaper, magazine, or any other written document, often unsigned. Australian and major United States newspapers, suc ...

s in the magazine, and the magazine became one of the intellectual references against the

Francoist State Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spai ...

. In the words of

Paul Preston Sir Paul Preston CBE (born 21 July 1946) is an English historian and Hispanist, biographer of Francisco Franco, and specialist in Spanish history, in particular the Spanish Civil War, which he has studied for more than 30 years. He is the win ...

, the magazine was one of two "champions of democratic ideals", together with '' Cuadernos para el Diálogo''. The articles in ''Triunfo'' on taboo subjects such as

capital punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that t ...

or marriage led to it being subject to numerous trials and suspensions. The

monographic A monograph is a specialist work of writing (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on a single subject or an aspect of a subject, often by a single author or artist, and usually on a scholarly subject. In library cataloging, ''monograp ...

issue on marriage led to the entire edition being confiscated, publication of the journal suspended for four months by the council of ministers, together with a fine of a quarter of a million pesetas, and the corresponding trial before the

Tribunal de Orden Público The ''Court of Public Order'' (Spanish: atribunal de Orden Público) was a court created in Francoist Spain to deal with most political crimes. It was instated as the supreme body in the newly created Public Order Jurisdiction, which also comprise ...

.Digital archive of ''Triunfo''
Retrieved 26 May 2013. As a result, thousands of people took out subscriptions to the journal. The four-month suspension ordered by the council of ministers in April 1975, for "attacks against the state security", as a result of an article by José Aumente "¿Estamos preparados para el cambio?" ("Are we ready for change?") was followed that same year by another four-month suspension for Montserrat Roig's interview with José Andreu Abelló. Following the death of

Franco Franco may refer to: Name * Franco (name) * Francisco Franco (1892–1975), Spanish general and dictator of Spain from 1939 to 1975 * Franco Luambo (1938–1989), Congolese musician, the "Grand Maître" Prefix * Franco, a prefix used when ref ...

, the first monarchic government's general

pardon A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction. A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime, depending on the laws of the ju ...

for the journals and journalists accused of violating

Manuel Fraga Manuel Fraga Iribarne (; 23 November 1922 – 15 January 2012) was a Spanish professor and politician in Francoist Spain, who was also the founder of the People's Party. Fraga was Minister of Information and Tourism between 1962 and 1969, Ambas ...

's 1966 Press Law ( Ley de Prensa e Imprenta) excluded ''Triunfo''. When the journal reappeared on 10 January 1976, its 166,000 copies were sold out within hours. Writing in ''

El País ''El País'' (; ) is a Spanish-language daily newspaper in Spain. ''El País'' is based in the capital city of Madrid and it is owned by the Spanish media conglomerate PRISA. It is the second most circulated daily newspaper in Spain . ''El Pa ...

'',

Francisco Tomás y Valiente Francisco Tomás y Valiente (8 December 1932 – 14 February 1996) was a Spanish jurist, historian, and writer. He was professor of history of law in the Autonomous University of Madrid. He presided Spain's Constitutional Court from 1986 to 199 ...

, the former president of Spain's

Constitutional Court A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional, i.e. whether they conflict with constitutionally established ...

who was later assassinated by

ETA Eta (uppercase , lowercase ; grc, ἦτα ''ē̂ta'' or ell, ήτα ''ita'' ) is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the close front unrounded vowel . Originally denoting the voiceless glottal fricative in most dialects, ...

, referred to the journal as "the name of a political battle for freedom, and from there, for a democratic society."Francisco Tomás y Valiente. (1995)
'Triunfo'
''El País''. . Retrieved 26 May 2013. Apart from Haro Tacglen who, as well as writing under his own name, also contributed using the pen-names "Juan Aldebarán", "Pablo Berbén" and "Pozuelo", other leading collaborators included Enrique Miret Magdalena,

Ramón Chao Ramón Luís Chao Rego (21 July 1935 – 20 May 2018) was a Spanish journalist and writer. He won the Premio de Virtuosismo for Piano in 1955. The same year he moved to Paris, France to study music with Nadia Boulanger and Lazare Lévy. In 1960 ...

, Luis Carandell,

Juan Goytisolo Juan Goytisolo Gay (6 January 1931 – 4 June 2017) was a Spanish poet, essayist, and novelist. He lived in Marrakesh from 1997 until his death in 2017. He was considered Spain's greatest living writer at the beginning of the 21st century, yet ...

Aurora de Albornoz Aurora de Albornoz (January 22, 1926 – June 6, 1990) was born in Luarca, Asturias, Spain. As a youth, she lived in Luarca with her parents, sister, and extended family, throughout the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939— an event that ins ...

and Manuel Vázquez Montalbán.

References

External links

Digital archive of ''Triunfo''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Triunfo 1946 establishments in Spain 1982 disestablishments in Spain Anti-Francoism Censorship in Spain Film magazines published in Spain Defunct political magazines published in Spain Magazines established in 1946 Magazines disestablished in 1982 Magazines published in Madrid Mass media in Valencia Spanish-language magazines Weekly magazines published in Spain

History and profile

See also

References

External links