Triphenylborane, often abbreviated to BPh₃ where Ph is the phenyl group C₆H₅-, is a

chemical compound A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element ...

with the formula B(C₆H₅)₃. It is a white crystalline solid and is both air and moisture sensitive, slowly forming

benzene Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms ...

and triphenylboroxine. It is soluble in

aromatic In chemistry, aromaticity is a chemical property of cyclic ( ring-shaped), ''typically'' planar (flat) molecular structures with pi bonds in resonance (those containing delocalized electrons) that gives increased stability compared to satur ...

solvent A solvent (s) (from the Latin '' solvō'', "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for ...

Structure and properties

The core of the compound, BC₃, has a trigonal planar structure. The

phenyl In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6 H5, and is often represented by the symbol Ph. Phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen ...

groups are rotated at about a 30° angle from the core plane. Even though triphenylborane and

tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, sometimes referred to as "BCF", is the chemical compound . It is a white, volatile solid. The molecule consists of three pentafluorophenyl groups attached in a "paddle-wheel" manner to a central boron atom; the c ...

are structurally similar, their Lewis acidity is not. BPh₃ is a weak Lewis acid while B(C₆F₅)₃ is a strong Lewis acid due to the

electronegativity Electronegativity, symbolized as , is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons (or electron density) when forming a chemical bond. An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the ...

of the fluorine atoms. Other boron Lewis acids include BF₃ and BCl₃.

Synthesis

Triphenylborane was first synthesized in 1922. It is typically made with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and the Grignard reagent, phenylmagnesium bromide. : BF₃•O(C₂H₅)₂ + 3 C₆H₅MgBr → B(C₆H₅)₃ + 3 MgBrF + (C₂H₅)₂O Triphenylborane can also be synthesized on a smaller scale by the

thermal decomposition Thermal decomposition, or thermolysis, is a chemical decomposition caused by heat. The decomposition temperature of a substance is the temperature at which the substance chemically decomposes. The reaction is usually endothermic as heat is re ...

of trimethylammonium tetraphenylborate. : (C₆H₅)₄NH(CH₃)₃] → B(C₆H₅)₃ + N(CH₃)₃ + C₆H₆

Applications

Triphenylborane is made commercially by a process developed by DuPont (1802–2017), Du Pont for use in its

hydrocyanation In organic chemistry, hydrocyanation is a process for conversion of alkenes to nitriles. The reaction involves the addition of hydrogen cyanide and requires a catalyst. This conversion is conducted on an industrial scale for the production of ...

butadiene 1,3-Butadiene () is the organic compound with the formula (CH2=CH)2. It is a colorless gas that is easily condensed to a liquid. It is important industrially as a precursor to synthetic rubber. The molecule can be viewed as the union of two vi ...

adiponitrile Adiponitrile is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH2)4(CN)2. This viscous, colourless dinitrile is an important precursor to the polymer nylon 66. In 2005, about one million tonnes of adiponitrile were produced.M. T. Musser, "Adip ...

, a

nylon Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers composed of polyamides ( repeating units linked by amide links).The polyamides may be aliphatic or semi-aromatic. Nylon is a silk-like thermoplastic, generally made from pe ...

intermediate. DuPont (1802–2017), Du Pont produces triphenylborane by reacting

sodium Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na (from Latin ''natrium'') and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable ...

metal, a

haloaromatic In organic chemistry, an aryl halide (also known as haloarene) is an aromatic compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms, directly bonded to an aromatic ring are replaced by a halide. The haloarene are different from haloalkanes because they exhi ...

(

chlorobenzene Chlorobenzene is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5Cl. This colorless, flammable liquid is a common solvent and a widely used intermediate in the manufacture of other chemicals. Uses Historical The major use of chlorob ...

), and a secondary alkyl borate ester.C. R. Guibert and J. L. Little, “Alkyl- and Arylboranes,” ''Ullmanns’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 2005. Triphenylborane can be used to make triarylborane amine complexes, such as pyridine-triphenylborane. Triarylborane amine complexes are used as

catalyst Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recyc ...

s for the

polymerization In polymer chemistry, polymerization (American English), or polymerisation (British English), is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks. There are many fo ...

of acrylic esters.

References

{{reflist Organoboranes Phenyl compounds Substances discovered in the 1920s