The Artiopoda is a grouping of extinct arthropods that includes
trilobites and their close relatives. It was erected by Hou and Bergström in 1997 to encompass a wide diversity of arthropods that would traditionally have been assigned to the Trilobitomorpha. Hou and Bergström used the name
Lamellipedia as a superclass to replace Trilobitomorpha that was originally erected at the subphylum level, which they considered inappropriate. Trilobites, in part due to their mineralising exoskeletons, are by far the most diverse and long lived members of the clade, with most records of other members, which lack mineralised exoskeletons, being from
Cambrian
The Cambrian Period ( ; sometimes symbolized C with bar, Ꞓ) was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 53.4 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran Period 538.8 million ...
deposits.
Description
According to Stein and Selden (2012) artiopods are recognised by the possession of
filiform antennulae,
limbs with bilobate
exopod The arthropod leg is a form of jointed appendage of arthropods, usually used for walking. Many of the terms used for arthropod leg segments (called podomeres) are of Latin origin, and may be confused with terms for bones: ''coxa'' (meaning hip, plur ...
s, with the proximal lobe being elongate and bearing a lamella, while the distal lobe is paddle-shaped and
setiforous (bearing hair-or bristle like structures). The limb
endopod has seven
podomere The arthropod leg is a form of jointed appendage of arthropods, usually used for walking. Many of the terms used for arthropod leg segments (called podomeres) are of Latin origin, and may be confused with terms for bones: ''coxa'' (meaning hip, pl ...
s, with first four podomeres bearing inward facing (
endite) structures, while podomeres five and six are stenopodous (cylindrical and stout). Common
plesiomorphies also include the antellules and at least three sets of post-antellulae limbs being incorporated into the head shield, the postantennular limbs having no or little differentiation into distinct morphologies, and broad paratergal folds which contribute to the
dorsoventrally flattened look of artiopods.
The limbs of artiopods also bear
exite The arthropod leg is a form of jointed appendage of arthropods, usually used for walking. Many of the terms used for arthropod leg segments (called podomeres) are of Latin origin, and may be confused with terms for bones: ''coxa'' (meaning hip (anat ...
s, which are similar to those of the
megacheiran ''
Leanchoilia'' and are likely not
homologous
Homology may refer to:
Sciences
Biology
*Homology (biology), any characteristic of biological organisms that is derived from a common ancestor
*Sequence homology, biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences
* Homologous chrom ...
to those present in crustaceans.
Taxonomy
Internal taxonomy
Leif Størmer recognised on the basis of limb types that a diverse group of
Cambrian
The Cambrian Period ( ; sometimes symbolized C with bar, Ꞓ) was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 53.4 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran Period 538.8 million ...
arthropods, known largely from the
Burgess Shale, were likely to be relatives of the trilobites. Hou and Bergström formalised this grouping into the Lamellipedia, consisting of two clades: the
Marrellomorpha and the Artiopoda. The Artiopoda have subsequently been considered to consist of two major clades; one reusing Trilobitomorpha to encompass trilobites,
nektaspids, concilitergans and xandarellids, and the other called
Vicissicaudata encompassing
aglaspidids,
xenopods and
cheloniellids.
Relationships with other arthropods
The relationship of Artiopoda with the two major clades of modern arthropods, the
Chelicerata and the
Mandibulata, are unresolved, with some phylogenies recovering Artiopoda as more closely to chelicerates, forming the clade
Arachnomorpha, while others recover Artiopoda as more closely related to mandibulates, forming the clade
Antennulata.
Gallery
Phylogeny
After Jiao et al. 2021.
References
Arthropods
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