''Trigonobalanus'' is a genus of three species of evergreen

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

s in the family

Fagaceae The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as evergre ...

, related to

oak An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably ''L ...

beech Beech (''Fagus'') is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America. Recent classifications recognize 10 to 13 species in two distinct subgenera, ''Engleriana'' and ''Fagus''. The ''Engle ...

es and

chestnut The chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Castanea'', in the beech family Fagaceae. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. The unrelat ...

s. The species are widely scattered, with one in northern

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

and two in southeast

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

; some

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

s treat the three species in separate genera. The three species, with their

authors An author is the writer of a book, article, play, mostly written work. A broader definition of the word "author" states: "''An author is "the person who originated or gave existence to anything" and whose authorship determines responsibility f ...

, major synonyms, and distribution, are: *''

Trigonobalanus doichangensis ''Trigonobalanus doichangensis'' is a species of tree in the family Fagaceae that can reach in height. It is only found at few sites in Yunnan in China and at one site in Chiang Rai in Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Si ...

'' (A.Camus) Forman (syn. ''Formanodendron doichangensis'' (A.Camus) Nixon & Crepet) - subtropical

Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is ...

to northern

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

*''

Trigonobalanus excelsa ''Trigonobalanus excelsa'' is a species of plant in the family Fagaceae. It is a tree endemic to Colombia. It is commonly known as black oak. The genus '' Trigonobalanus'' is related to the true oaks (''Quercus'') and includes three known spe ...

'' Lozano, Hern. Cam. & Henao (syn. ''Colombobalanus excelsa'' (Lozano, Hern. Cam. & Henao) Nixon & Crepet) -

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

*''

Trigonobalanus verticillata ''Trigonobalanus verticillata'' is a species of plant in the family Fagaceae. It is a tree native to Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi, the Malay Peninsula, and Hainan. Description ''Trigonobalanus verticillata'' is a tree which grows 10 to 20 meter ...

'' Forman - tropical

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

and the

Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula (Malay: ''Semenanjung Tanah Melayu'') is a peninsula in Mainland Southeast Asia. The landmass runs approximately north–south, and at its terminus, it is the southernmost point of the Asian continental mainland. The area ...

External links

WCSP: ''Trigonobalanus''
* ttp://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000543 Flora of China: ''Formanodendron doichangensis'' (with drawing)br>Drawing of ''Trigonobalanus verticillata''Photo of ''Colombobalanus excelsa''
Fagaceae Fagales genera {{Fagales-stub