''Triglops'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical

sculpin A sculpin is a type of fish that belongs to the superfamily Cottoidea in the order Scorpaeniformes.Kane, E. A. and T. E. Higham. (2012)Life in the flow lane: differences in pectoral fin morphology suggest transitions in station-holding demand a ...

s. These fishes are found in the North Pacific, Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans.

Taxonomy

''Triglops'' was first proposed as a monospecific subgenus of '' Cottus'' in 1830 by the Danish zoologist Johan Reinhardt when he described ''Triglops pingelii'', giving its

type locality Type locality may refer to: * Type locality (biology) * Type locality (geology) See also * Local (disambiguation) * Locality (disambiguation) {{disambiguation ...

as Quanneoen, south of Frederikshaab in western Greenland. The 5th edition of ''

Fishes of the World ''Fishes of the World'' by the American ichthyologist Joseph S. Nelson (1937–2011) is a standard reference for fish systematics. Now in its fifth edition (2016), the work is a comprehensive overview of the diversity and classification of the ...

'' classifies the genus ''Triglops'' within the

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

Cottinae of the family Cottidae, however, other authors classify the genus within the subfamily Triglopinae of the family Psychrolutidae.

Species

''Triglops'' currently contains 10 recognized species in this genus: * ''

Triglops dorothy ''Triglops'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the North Pacific, Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans. Taxonomy ''Triglops'' was first proposed as a monospecifi ...

Pietsch Pietsch is a German surname. It may refer to: * Bill Pietsch (1935–2004), American politician and businessman * Charles Francis Pietsch (1844–1920), American German-language newspaper publisher * Coral Wong Pietsch (born 1947), American bri ...

J. W. Orr John William Orr (1815–1887) was an American Wood engraving, wood engraver who drew many of his own illustrations and owned his own engraving and printing business. He was born in Ireland on March 31, 1815, and was brought to Buffalo, New York ...

, 2006 (Dorothy's sculpin) * ''

Triglops forficatus ''Triglops'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the North Pacific, Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans. Taxonomy ''Triglops'' was first proposed as a monospecifi ...

'' (

Gilbert Gilbert may refer to: People and fictional characters *Gilbert (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters *Gilbert (surname), including a list of people Places Australia * Gilbert River (Queensland) * Gilbert River (South A ...

, 1896) (Scissortail sculpin) * ''

Triglops jordani ''Triglops'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the North Pacific, Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans. Taxonomy ''Triglops'' was first proposed as a monospecifi ...

'' ( Schmidt, 1904) (Jordan's sculpin) * ''

Triglops macellus ''Triglops'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the North Pacific, Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans. Taxonomy ''Triglops'' was first proposed as a monospecifi ...

'' ( T. H. Bean, 1884) (Roughspine sculpin) * ''

Triglops metopias ''Triglops'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the Family (biology), family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the North Pacific, Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans. Taxonomy ''Triglops'' was first proposed ...

'' Gilbert & Burke, 1912 (Alaskan sculpin) * ''

Triglops murrayi ''Triglops murrayi'', the moustache sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the Family (biology), family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This fish is found in the North Atlantic Ocean. Taxonomy ''Triglops murrayi'' was first ...

'' Günther, 1888 (Moustache sculpin) * '' Triglops nybelini'' A. S. Jensen, 1944 (Bigeye sculpin) * ''

Triglops pingelii ''Triglops'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the Family (biology), family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the North Pacific, Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans. Taxonomy ''Triglops'' was first proposed ...

'' J. C. H. Reinhardt, 1837 (Ribbed sculpin) * '' Triglops scepticus'' Gilbert, 1896 (Spectacled sculpin) * ''

Triglops xenostethus ''Triglops'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the North Pacific, Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans. Taxonomy ''Triglops'' was first proposed as a monospe ...

'' Gilbert, 1896 (Scaly-breasted sculpin)

Characteristics

''Triglops'' sculpins have slender, elongate, cylindrical to compressed or flattened bodies with a small head, which may also be slightly depressed or compressed, with a small horizontal or slightly oblique mouth. They have clearly separated dorsal fins, the first containing between 9 and 13 slender spines and the second having between 19 and 31 soft rays. The

anal fin Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as se ...

is supported by 18 to 32 soft rays. This genus is distinguished from the other marine sculpin genera by having the anus positioned halfway between the origins of the pelvic and anal fins, a feature shared with the genera '' Clinocottus'' and ''

Leiocottus The lavender sculpin (''Leiocottus hirundo'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy The lavender sculpin was first formally describe ...

''. The

lateral line The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ (LLO), is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water. The sensory ability is achieved via modified epithelial ...

is made up of large scales which resemble plates and the scales underneath these form obvious rows of very small serrated plates, these are within close-set diagonal skin folds, a feature shared solely with ''

Jordania The longfin sculpin (''Jordania zonope'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Jordaniidae, a small family of sculpins. This species is found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. This species is the only known member of ...

''. There are four preopercular spines and the branchiostegal membranes are joined but do not connect to the isthmus. They have vomerine teeth but no palatine teeth. The

pelvic fin Pelvic fins or ventral fins are paired fins located on the ventral surface of fish. The paired pelvic fins are homologous to the hindlimbs of tetrapods. Structure and function Structure In actinopterygians, the pelvic fin consists of two en ...

has a single spine and three soft rays. There are no cutaneous cirri on the head. The fishes in this genus range from a maximum published

standard length Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. Overall length * Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish m ...

of in ''T. xenostethus'' up to in ''T. scepticus''.

Distribution and habitat

''Triglops'' sculpins are widespread in northern seas. In the Pacific Ocean they occur from the Sea of Japan and

Sea of Okhotsk The Sea of Okhotsk ( rus, Охо́тское мо́ре, Ohótskoye móre ; ja, オホーツク海, Ohōtsuku-kai) is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean. It is located between Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands ...

east into the

Bering Sea The Bering Sea (, ; rus, Бе́рингово мо́ре, r=Béringovo móre) is a marginal sea of the Northern Pacific Ocean. It forms, along with the Bering Strait, the divide between the two largest landmasses on Earth: Eurasia and The Ameri ...

, the Aleutian Islands the Gulf of Alaska south to Puget Sound. In the Arctic they are found from the Chuckchi and

Beaufort Sea The Beaufort Sea (; french: Mer de Beaufort, Iñupiaq: ''Taġiuq'') is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located north of the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Alaska, and west of Canada's Arctic islands. The sea is named after Sir Fr ...

s east to the

Queen Elizabeth Islands The Queen Elizabeth Islands (french: Îles de la Reine-Élisabeth; formerly Parry Islands or Parry Archipelago) are the northernmost cluster of islands in Canada's Arctic Archipelago, split between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories in Northe ...

and

Hudson Bay Hudson Bay ( crj, text=ᐐᓂᐯᒄ, translit=Wînipekw; crl, text=ᐐᓂᐹᒄ, translit=Wînipâkw; iu, text=ᑲᖏᖅᓱᐊᓗᒃ ᐃᓗᐊ, translit=Kangiqsualuk ilua or iu, text=ᑕᓯᐅᔭᕐᔪᐊᖅ, translit=Tasiujarjuaq; french: b ...

and into the Atlantic south as far as Scotland and east to the Barents Sea, Kara Sea and Laptev Sea. They are benthic fishes which are found over varied substrates including rock, gravel, mud or sand at depths varying from the surface down to , although they are commonest between .

Biology

''Triglops'' sculpins are predators of invertebrates such as polychaetes, crustaceans and sometimes smaller fishes. They spawn from late summer into the winter, laying between 100 and over 2,500 demersal eggs.

References

{{Authority control Cottinae Taxa named by Johan Reinhardt Ray-finned fish genera Marine fish genera