''Triglochin'' is a plant genus in the family

Juncaginaceae Juncaginaceae is a Family (biology), family of flowering plants, recognized by most taxonomists for the past few decades. It is also known as the ''arrowgrass'' family. It includes 3 genera with a total of 34 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2 ...

described by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

in 1753. It is very nearly

cosmopolitan Cosmopolitan may refer to: Food and drink * Cosmopolitan (cocktail), also known as a "Cosmo" History * Rootless cosmopolitan, a Soviet derogatory epithet during Joseph Stalin's anti-Semitic campaign of 1949–1953 Hotels and resorts * Cosmopoli ...

in distribution, with species on every continent except

Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest contine ...

. North America has four accepted species, two of which can also be found in Europe: ''

Triglochin palustris ''Triglochin palustris'' or marsh arrowgrass is a species of flowering plant in the arrowgrass family Juncaginaceae. It is found in damp grassland usually on calcareous soils, fens and meadows. The species epithet ''palustris'' is Latin for "of ...

'' (marsh arrowgrass) and ''

Triglochin maritima ''Triglochin maritima'' is a species of flowering plant in the arrowgrass family Juncaginaceae. It is found in brackish marshes, freshwater marshes, wet sandy beaches, fens, damp grassland and bogs. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring ...

'' (sea arrowgrass). Australia has many more.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> The most widely used common name for the genus is arrowgrass, although these plants are not really

grass Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns an ...

es. Many of the common names for species make use of the term "arrowgrass", although there are exceptions: '' T. procera'', for example, is commonly known as water ribbons. Arrowgrasses are used as food plants by the

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The ...

e of some

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...

species including the

grey chi The grey chi (; ''Antitype chi'') is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. It is distributed throughout Europe, although it is not present in southern S ...

moth.

Description

This genus contains marsh herbs with flat or cylindrical leaves. The inflorescences are spikes or racemes. The flowers have two bracts. Each flower has three or six herbaceous and deciduous perianth segments. Three to six stamens are connected at the base of the perianth segments and fall with the perianths. There are three to six carpels with a one chambered ovary containing a single ovule. The styles are short and may be fused at the base. The stigmas are often stalkless and plumose. The fruits have 3-6 free or fused curved follicles or achenes (small, dry, one seeded fruits with a loose covering)that break away from a persistent three winged axis. The seed is erect with a straight embryo.

Species

The following species are accepted: ;formerly included now in other genera: ''

Bulbine ''Bulbine'' is a genus of plants in the family Asphodelaceae and subfamily Asphodeloideae, named for the bulb-shaped tuber of many species. It was formerly placed in the Liliaceae. It is found chiefly in Southern Africa, with a few species extend ...

'', ''

Cycnogeton ''Cycnogeton'' is a genus of plants in the family Juncaginaceae described as a genus in 1838. It is native to Australia and New Guinea.von Mering, S. & Kadereit, J.W. (2010). Phylogeny, Systematics, and Recircumscription of Juncaginaceae - A Co ...

'' and '' Tetroncium'' *''Triglochin alcockiae'' – ''

Cycnogeton alcockiae ''Cycnogeton alcockiae'', also known as southern water-ribbons, Alcock's water-ribbons or dwarf water-ribbons, is a plant in the arrowgrass family native to south-eastern Australia, where it has been recorded from South Australia, Tasmania and V ...

'' – Australia *''Triglochin dubia'' – ''

Cycnogeton dubium ''Cycnogeton'' is a genus of plants in the family Juncaginaceae described as a genus in 1838. It is native to Australia and New Guinea.von Mering, S. & Kadereit, J.W. (2010). Phylogeny, Systematics, and Recircumscription of Juncaginaceae - A Co ...

'' – Australia,

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of ...

*''Triglochin huegelii'' – ''

Cycnogeton huegelii ''Cycnogeton'' is a genus of plants in the family Juncaginaceae described as a genus in 1838. It is native to Australia and New Guinea.von Mering, S. & Kadereit, J.W. (2010). Phylogeny, Systematics, and Recircumscription of Juncaginaceae - A Co ...

'' –

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...

*''Triglochin linearis'' – ''

Cycnogeton lineare ''Cycnogeton'' is a genus of plants in the family Juncaginaceae described as a genus in 1838. It is native to Australia and New Guinea.von Mering, S. & Kadereit, J.W. (2010). Phylogeny, Systematics, and Recircumscription of Juncaginaceae - A Co ...

'' –

*''Triglochin magellanica'' – '' Tetroncium magellanicum'' –

Tierra del Fuego Tierra del Fuego (, ; Spanish for "Land of the Fire", rarely also Fireland in English) is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan. The archipelago consists of the main island, Isla G ...

, Falkland Is, Gough I *''Triglochin maundii'' – '' Maundia triglochinoides'' – Australia *''Triglochin microtuberosa'' – ''

Cycnogeton microtuberosum ''Cycnogeton'' is a genus of plants in the family Juncaginaceae described as a genus in 1838. It is native to Australia and New Guinea.von Mering, S. & Kadereit, J.W. (2010). Phylogeny, Systematics, and Recircumscription of Juncaginaceae - A Co ...

'' – Australia *''Triglochin multifructa'' – ''

Cycnogeton multifructum ''Cycnogeton'' is a genus of plants in the family Juncaginaceae described as a genus in 1838. It is native to Australia and New Guinea.von Mering, S. & Kadereit, J.W. (2010). Phylogeny, Systematics, and Recircumscription of Juncaginaceae - A Co ...

'' – Australia *''Triglochin procera'' –

Cycnogeton procerum ''Cycnogeton'' is a genus of plants in the family Juncaginaceae described as a genus in 1838. It is native to Australia and New Guinea.von Mering, S. & Kadereit, J.W. (2010). Phylogeny, Systematics, and Recircumscription of Juncaginaceae - A Co ...

'' – ''Australia *''Triglochin pterocarpa'' – ''

'' – Australia,

*''Triglochin racemosa'' – ''

Bulbine semibarbata ''Bulbine semibarbata'', commonly known as leek lily, native leek or wild onion, is a species of annual herb native to Australia. Description It grows as an annual herb from 7 to 45 centimetres high, with yellow flowers. Taxonomy It was first ...

'' – Australia *''Triglochin reflexa'' – '' Tetroncium magellanicum'' –

, Falkland Is, Gough I *''Triglochin rheophila'' – ''

Cycnogeton rheophilum ''Cycnogeton'' is a genus of plants in the family Juncaginaceae described as a genus in 1838. It is native to Australia and New Guinea.von Mering, S. & Kadereit, J.W. (2010). Phylogeny, Systematics, and Recircumscription of Juncaginaceae - A Co ...

'' – Australia *''Triglochin triglochinoides'' – '' Maundia triglochinoides'' – Australia

References

External links

''Triglochin'' in the ''Flora of North America''USDA: ''Triglochin concinna''
n the ''Flora of North America'' this is treated as a synonym of ''Triglochin maritima'' {{Taxonbar, from=Q2458225 Juncaginaceae Alismatales genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Taxa named by Aimé Bonpland