Trifora on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
Trifora is a type of three-light
File:Rivalta Scrivia Abbazia Santa Maria Trifora.jpg, Abbazia di Santa Maria di Rivalta in Tortona
File:Stained glass window Constance Minster.JPG,
Trifora is a type of three-light window
A window is an opening in a wall, door, roof, or vehicle that allows the exchange of light and may also allow the passage of sound and sometimes air. Modern windows are usually glazed or covered in some other transparent or translucent materia ...
. The trifora usually appears in towers and belfries—on the top floors, where it is necessary to lighten the structure with wider openings.
Overview
The trifora has three openings divided by two small columns orpilaster
In classical architecture, a pilaster is an architectural element used to give the appearance of a supporting column and to articulate an extent of wall, with only an ornamental function. It consists of a flat surface raised from the main wal ...
s, on which rest three arches, round or acute. Sometimes, the whole trifora is framed by a further large arch. The space among arches is usually decorated by a coat of arms or a circular opening. Less popular than the mullioned window
A mullion is a vertical element that forms a division between units of a window or screen, or is used decoratively. It is also often used as a division between double doors. When dividing adjacent window units its primary purpose is a rigid supp ...
, the trifora was, however, widely used in the Romanesque, Gothic
Gothic or Gothics may refer to:
People and languages
*Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes
**Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths
**Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...
, and Renaissance
The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ideas ...
periods. Later, the window was mostly forgotten, coming back in vogue in the nineteenth century, in the period of eclecticism
Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories i ...
and the rediscovery of ancient styles (Neo-Gothic
Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, neo-Gothic, or Gothick) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. The movement gained momentum and expanded in the first half of the 19th century, as increasingly ...
, Neo-Renaissance
Renaissance Revival architecture (sometimes referred to as "Neo-Renaissance") is a group of 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Greek Revival nor Gothic Revival but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range ...
, and so on). Compared to the mullioned window, the trifora was generally used for larger and more ornate openings.
Gallery
Konstanz Minster
Konstanz Minster or Konstanz Cathedral (german: Konstanzer Münster) is a historical building in Konstanz, southern Germany, the proto-cathedral of the former Roman Catholic diocese of Konstanz (dissolved in 1821).
History
The first mention o ...
File:Siena Palazzo Pubblico 20030813-349.jpg, Palazzo Pubblico
The Palazzo Pubblico (''town hall'') is a palace in Siena, Tuscany, central Italy. Construction began in 1297 to serve as the seat of the Republic of Siena's government, which consisted of the Podestà and Council of Nine, the elected officia ...
in Siena
Siena ( , ; lat, Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena.
The city is historically linked to commercial and banking activities, having been a major banking center until the 13th and 14th centuri ...
File:Interno della cattedrale di Amiens (Francia 2009).jpg, Amiens Cathedral
, image = 0 Amiens - Cathédrale Notre-Dame (1).JPG
, imagesize = 200px
, img capt = Amiens Cathedral
, pushpin map = France
, pushpin label position = below
, coordinates =
, country ...
File:Mantova-Palazzo Bonacolsi.Trifora.JPG, Palazzo Bonacolsi in Mantua
Mantua ( ; it, Mantova ; Lombard and la, Mantua) is a city and '' comune'' in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name.
In 2016, Mantua was designated as the Italian Capital of Culture. In 2017, it was named as the Eur ...
See also
*Monofora
Monofora is a type of the single-light window, usually narrow, crowned by an arch, and decorated by small columns or pilasters.
Overview
The term usually refers to a certain type of window designed during the Romanesque, Gothic, and Renaissance ...
*Bifora
The bifora or ''pifara'' was a Sicilian double reed instrument of the oboe family, related to the ancient shawm and particularly to the piffero of the northern Italian Apennines. Much larger than the piffero, and made in one piece, it was employed ...
*Quadrifora
Quadrifora is a type of four-light window. It appears in towers and belfries on top floors, where it is necessary to lighten the structure with wider openings. The quadrifora can also be a group closely set windows.
Overview
The quadrifora is d ...
*Polifora
Polifora is a type of the multi-light window. It appears in towers and belfries on top floors, where it is necessary to lighten the structure with wider openings. The term ''polifora'' usually refers to the window with at least five parts.
Overvi ...
*Diocletian window
Diocletian windows, also called thermal windows, are large semicircular windows characteristic of the enormous public baths (''thermae'') of Ancient Rome. They have been revived on a limited basis by some classical revivalist architects in more m ...
References
* AA.VV. ''Enciclopedia dell'Architettura'', Garzanti, Milano 1996, * Pevsner, Fleming e Honour, ''Dizionario di architettura'', Utet, Torino 1978 {{ISBN, 88-06-51961-1; ristampato come ''Dizionario dei termini artistici'', Utet Tea, 1994 Architectural elements Windows