''Tricolia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Phasianellidae Phasianellidae common name the "pheasant shells" or "pheasant snails" is a family of small sea snails with calcareous opercula, marine gastropod mollusks in the subclass Vetigastropoda Vetigastropoda is a major Taxonomy (biology), taxonomi ...

. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae.

Description

This genus consists of small species with a head without frontal lobes. The shell is ovate, elongated, and imperforate. The

radula The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...

has a broad, simple median tooth, overlying the bases of the inner laterals. These are subrhomboidal, produced at their outer angles into wings which overlie the bases of the adjacent tooth outward, and have denticulate cusps. The outer lateral is narrow, not produced on the outer angle. The marginal teeth have long simple cusps, The columella is smooth, arcuate, and not dentate.

Distribution

The species occurs in all tropical and subtropical seas.

Species

Species within the genus ''Tricolia'' include: Tricolia gabiniana 001

* ''

Tricolia adusta ''Tricolia adusta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description Distribution * KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southe ...

'' Nangammbi & Herbert, 2006 * ''

Tricolia algoidea ''Tricolia algoidea'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The shell grows to a height of 1.5 mm. Distribution This species occurs in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterra ...

'' (Pallary, 1920) * ''

Tricolia bicarinata ''Tricolia bicarinata'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tricolia bicarinata'' (Dunker, 1846). Accessed through: World ...

'' Dunker, 1846 * ''

Tricolia capensis ''Tricolia capensis'', common name the pheasant shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 15 mm. Distribution This marine sp ...

'' (Dunker, 1846) * ''

Tricolia delicata ''Tricolia delicata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Phasianellidae. Description The length of the shell attains 2.1 mm. Distribution This marine species occurs off the Philippines The Philippi ...

'' Poppe, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 * ''

Tricolia deschampsi ''Tricolia deschampsi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Phasianellidae. It was first described as a separate species by Gofas in 1993, named after Guy Deschamps. Description The height of the shell reaches 1 ...

'' Gofas, 1993 * † ''

Tricolia dissimilis ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head wi ...

'' (Deshayes, 1863) * † ''

Tricolia dunkeri ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head wi ...

'' (Deshayes, 1863) * ''

Tricolia elongata ''Tricolia elongata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description Distribution This marine species occurs in the Indian Ocean off southern Mozambique and north-eastern South Africa ...

'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''

Tricolia entomocheila ''Tricolia entomocheila'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The height of the shell reaches 2 mm. Distribution This species occurs in the Western Mediterranean Sea and off At ...

'' Gofas, 1993 * ''

Tricolia fordiana ''Tricolia fordiana'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tricolia fordiana'' (Pilsbry, 1888). Accessed through: World Re ...

'' (Pilsbry, 1888) * ''

Tricolia formosa ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head wi ...

'' (W. H. Turton, 1932) * ''

Tricolia gabiniana ''Tricolia gabiniana'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tricolia gabiniana'' (Cotton & Godfrey, 1938). Accessed through ...

'' (Cotton & Godfrey, 1938) * † ''

Tricolia herouvalensis ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head wi ...

'' (Cossmann, 1888) * ''

Tricolia indica ''Tricolia indica'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tricolia indica'' Winckworth, 1940. Accessed through: World Regis ...

'' Winckworth, 1940 * ''

Tricolia insignis ''Tricolia insignis'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tricolia insignis'' (Turton, 1932). Accessed through: World Reg ...

'' (Turton, 1932) * ''

Tricolia ios ''Tricolia ios'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tricolia ios''. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species a ...

'' Robertson, 1985 * ''

Tricolia kochii ''Tricolia kochii'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tricolia kochii'' (Philippi, 1848). Accessed through: World Regis ...

'' (Philippi, 1848) * † '' Tricolia laevis'' (Defrance, 1826) * † ''

Tricolia lamarckiana ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head wi ...

'' (Deshayes, 1863) * '' Tricolia landinii'' Bogi & Campani, 2007 * † ''

Tricolia laubrierei ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head wi ...

'' (Cossmann, 1888) * ''

Tricolia milaschewitchi ''Tricolia milaschewitchi'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.WoRMS (2012). ''Tricolia milaschewitchi'' Anistratenko & Starobogatov, 1991. Acces ...

'' Anistratenko & Starobogatov, 1991 * ''

Tricolia miniata ''Tricolia miniata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description Distribution This species occurs in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean off Portugal, off the Strait of Gibraltar and in the Southern ...

'' ( Monterosato, 1884) * ''

Tricolia munieri ''Tricolia munieri'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tricolia munieri'' (Vélain, 1877). Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' (Vélain, 1877) * ''

Tricolia neritina ''Tricolia neritina'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description Distribution This marine species occurs off Namibia, South Africa and Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Repub ...

'' (Dunker, 1846) * '' Tricolia nordsiecki'' (Talavera, 1978) * ''

Tricolia petiti ''Tricolia petiti'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. The species was originally named Phasianella petiti by Craven in 1882. Description The shell grows to a height of 7 mm. The shining sh ...

'' (Craven, 1882) * ''

Tricolia pullus ''Tricolia pullus'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Subspecies Subspecies within this species are not clearly distinguishable and are described on a geographical base. They include: * '' ...

'' ( Linnaeus,

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

) * ''

Tricolia punctura ''Tricolia punctura'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The length of the shell attains 1 mm. Distribution This species occurs in the Mediterranean Sea off Italy and Corsica ...

'' Gofas, 1993 * ''

Tricolia retrolineata ''Tricolia retrolineata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description Distribution * southern Mozambique * northeastern South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South A ...

'' Nangammbi & Herbert, 2008 * ''

Tricolia rosea ''Tricolia rosea'', common name the rosy pheasant, is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tricolia rosea'' (Angas, 1867). Acc ...

'' (Angas, 1867) * ''

Tricolia saxatilis ''Tricolia saxatilis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description Distribution * KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the sou ...

'' Nangammbi & Herbert, 2006 * † '' Tricolia semistriata'' (Lamarck, 1804) * ''

Tricolia speciosa ''Tricolia speciosa'', common name the Mediterranean pheasant, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The height of the shell varies between 7 mm and 13 mm. The thin, shining sh ...

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''

Tricolia striolata ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head wi ...

'' (W. H. Turton, 1932) * † '' Tricolia succinaeopsis'' (Cossmann, 1888) * † ''

Tricolia suessoniensis ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head wi ...

'' (Deshayes, 1863) * ''

Tricolia tenuis ''Tricolia tenuis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 11 mm. The oval, elongated shell is rather thin, and shining. The eleva ...

'' (Michaud, 1829) * † '' Tricolia tenuistriata'' (Deshayes, 1863) * ''

Tricolia tingitana ''Tricolia tingitana'' is a species of a small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The height of the shell reaches 1.7 mm. Distribution This species occurs in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and in ...

'' Gofas, 1982 * ''

Tricolia tomlini ''Tricolia tomlini'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tricolia tomlini'' (Gatliff & Gabriel, 1921). Accessed through: ...

'' (Gatliff & Gabriel, 1921) * ''

Tricolia tristis ''Tricolia tristis'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tricolia tristis'' (Pilsbry, 1903). Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' (Pilsbry 1903) * † ''

Tricolia turbinoides ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head wi ...

'' (Lamarck, 1804) † * † ''

Tricolia vasseuri ''Tricolia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tricoliinae of the family Phasianellidae. This genus formerly belonged to the family Tricoliidae. Description This genus consists of small species with a head wi ...

'' (Cossmann, 1902) ;Species brought into synonymy : * ''Tricolia adamsi'' (Philippi, 1853): synonym of ''

Eulithidium adamsi ''Eulithidium adamsi'' is a species of minute colorful sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant shells. Description The shell grows to a height of 3.8 mm. The elongate shell has a pointed ovate shape ...

'' (Philippi, 1853) * ''Tricolia affinis'' (C. B. Adams, 1850): synonym of ''

Eulithidium affine ''Eulithidium affine'', common name the polka-dot pheasant or the spotted pheasant, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The height of the shell reaches 6.2 mm. The elongate shell ...

'' (C. B. Adams, 1850) * ''Tricolia affinis beaui'' Robertson, 1958: synonym of ''

Eulithidium beaui ''Eulithidium beaui'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Eulithidium beaui'' (Robertson, 1958). Accessed through: World ...

'' (Robertson, 1958) * ''Tricolia alfredensis'' (Turton, 1932): synonym of ''

'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Tricolia beaui'' Robertson, 1958: synonym of ''

'' (Robertson, 1958) * ''Tricolia bella'' (M. Smith, 1937): synonym of ''

Eulithidium bellum ''Eulithidium bellum'', common name the shouldered pheasant shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description Th height of the shell varies between 2 mm and 6 mm. Distribution Th ...

'' (M. Smith, 1937) * ''Tricolia bellum'' M. Smith, 1937: synonym of ''

'' (M. Smith, 1937) * ''Tricolia breve'' d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of ''

Eulithidium breve ''Eulithidium'' is a genus of small colorful sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant shells. Several species in this genus were originally placed in the genus ''Eucosmia''. However, the name ''Eucosmia'' ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) omen dubium* ''Tricolia brongniartii'' Audouin, 1826: synonym of ''

Phasianella solida ''Phasianella solida'', common name the solid pheasant, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The size of the shell varies between 8 mm and 32 mm. Protoconch is smooth and the ...

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Tricolia bryani'' Pilsbry, H.A., 1917: synonym of ''

Tricolia variabilis ''Hiloa variabilis'', common name the minute pheasant, is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tricolia variabilis'' (Pease, 1 ...

'' (Pease, 1861) * ''Tricolia compta'' (Gould, 1855): synonym of ''

Eulithidium comptum ''Eulithidium comptum'' , the Californian banded pheasant shell, is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Eulithidium comptum'' ...

'' (Gould, 1855) * ''Tricolia cruenta'' Robertson, 1958: synonym of ''

'' (C. B. Adams, 1850) * ''Tricolia cyclostoma'' (Carpenter, 1864): synonym of '' Eulithidium cyclostoma'' (Carpenter, 1864) * ''Tricolia diantha'' McLean, 1970: synonym of '' Eulithidium diantha'' (McLean, 1970) * ''Tricolia draparnaudi'' Audouin, 1826: synonym of '' Echinolittorina punctata'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Tricolia guerini'' Audouin, 1826: synonym of ''

'' (Born, 1778) * ''Tricolia kraussi'' E.A. Smith, 1911:synonym of

(Dunker, 1846) * ''Tricolia macleani'' Marincovich, 1973: synonym of ''

Eulithidium macleani ''Eulithidium'' is a genus of small colorful sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant shells. Several species in this genus were originally placed in the genus ''Eucosmia''. However, the name ''Eucosmia'' ...

'' (Marincovich, 1973) * ''Tricolia megastoma'' Pilsbry, H.A., 1895: synonym of ''

'' (Pease, 1861) * ''Tricolia molokaiensis'' Pilsbry, H.A., 1917: synonym of ''

'' (Pease, 1861) * ''Tricolia nicaeensis'' Risso 1826: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Tricolia oligomphala'' (Pilsbry, 1895): synonym of ''Tricolia variabilis'' (Pease, 1861) * ''Tricolia perforata'' (Philippi, 1848): synonym of '' Eulithidium perforatum'' (Philippi, 1848) * ''Tricolia phasianella'' (Philippi, 1849): synonym of ''

Eulithidium phasianella ''Eulithidium phasianella'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2014). Eulithidium phasianella. Accessed through: World Register of ...

'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Tricolia picta'' (da Costa, 1778): synonym of ''Tricolia pullus picta'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Tricolia pterocladia'' sic: synonym of ''

Eulithidium pterocladicum ''Eulithidium pterocladicum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The shell grows to a height of 8 mm. Distribution This marine species occurs in the Gulf of Mexico off Florida ...

'' (Robertson, 1958) * ''Tricolia pterocladica'' Robertson, 1958: synonym of ''

'' (Robertson, 1958) * ''Tricolia pulchella'' (Récluz, 1843): synonym of ''

'' (M. Smith, 1937) * ''Tricolia pulloides'' (Carpenter, 1865): synonym of ''

Eulithidium pulloides ''Eulithidium pulloides'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2014). Eulithidium pulloides. Accessed through: World Register of Mar ...

'' (Carpenter, 1865) * ''Tricolia rentneri'' Nordsieck 1973: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Tricolia rissoi'' Audouin, 1826: synonym of '' Melarhaphe neritoides'' ( Linnaeus,

) * ''Tricolia rubra'' Risso 1826: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Tricolia speciosa'' var. ''seriopunctata'' Monterosato 1884: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Tricolia speciosa'' var. ''virescens'' Monterosato 1884: synonym of ''

'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Tricolia substriata'' (Carpenter, 1864): synonym of ''

Eulithidium substriatum ''Eulithidium substriatum'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Eulithidium substriatum''. Accessed through: World Regist ...

'' (P. P. Carpenter, 1864) * ''Tricolia tessellata'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838): synonym of ''

Eulithidium tessellatum ''Eulithidium tessellatum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The shell size varies between 3 mm and 6 mm. The short and solid shell has an oval or ovate shape. The spire ...

'' (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) * ''Tricolia tessellata'' auct. non Potiez & Michaud, 1838: synonym of ''

'' (Robertson, 1958) * ''Tricolia tesselata'' auct. non C. B. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''

Eulithidium thalassicola ''Eulithidium thalassicola'', common name the turtle grass pheasant shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae. Description The height of the shell varies between 2 mm and 7.1 mm. Dist ...

'' (Robertson, 1958) * ''Tricolia thalassicola'' Robertson, 1958: synonym of ''

'' (Robertson, 1958) * ''Tricolia thaanumi'' Pilsbry, H.A., 1917: synonym of ''

'' (Pease, 1861) * ''Tricolia tricolor'' (Monterosato in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884): synonym of ''Tricolia pullus'' ( Linnaeus,

) * ''Tricolia tropidophora'' Tomlin, 1931: synonym of ''Tricolia bicarinata'' (Dunker, 1846) * ''Tricolia umbilicata'' (d'Orbigny, 1840): synonym of ''

Eulithidium umbilicatum ''Eulithidium umbilicatum'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2014). Eulithidium umbilicatum. Accessed through: World Register of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1840) * ''Tricolia variabilis'' (Pease, 1860): synonym of '' Hiloa variabilis'' (Pease, 1861) * ''Tricolia variegata'' (Carpenter, 1864): synonym of ''

Eulithidium variegatum ''Eulithidium variegatum'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Phasianellidae, the pheasant snails.Rosenberg, G. (2014). Eulithidium variegatum. Accessed through: World Register of M ...

'' (Carpenter, 1864) * ''Tricolia virgo'' Angas, G.F., 1867: synonym of ''

'' (Pease, 1861)

References

Monterosato T. A. (di) (1884). ''Nomenclatura generica e specifica di alcune conchiglie mediterranee''. Palermo, Virzi, 152 pp.,, p. 50
* Smith E.A. (1911). ''On a new species of Phasianella from South Africa''. Proc. Malac. Soc, vol. 9, pt. 5, pp. 313–314 * Gofas S. (1982). ''The genus Tricolia in the Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean''. Journal of Molluscan Studies 48: 182-213 * Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213 * Williams, S.T., Karube, S. & Ozawa, T. (2008) ''Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined.'' Zoologica Scripta 37, 483–506 {{Commons category Phasianellidae Gastropod genera