''Trichomanes'' is a genus of
ferns in the family
Hymenophyllaceae
The Hymenophyllaceae, the filmy ferns and bristle ferns, are a family of two to nine genera (depending on classification system) and about 650 known species of ferns, with a subcosmopolitan distribution, but generally restricted to very damp pl ...
, termed bristle ferns.
The
circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally necessitates a permanently humid habitat, and makes the fronds somewhat translucent. Because of this membrane-like frond tissue, the plant is prone to drying out. “Filmy ferns” in the taxa Hymenophyllaceae grow in constantly wet environments. Many are found in cloud forests such as “Choco” in Colombia. There are also members of the taxa that can grow submersed in water.
The name bristle fern refers to the small bristle that protrudes from the indusia of these ferns.
Taxonomy
The genus ''Trichomanes'' was first described by
Carl Linnaeus in 1753.
[ Its status, like other genera in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus as one of eight in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, saying that there are about 60 species.][ , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' listed about 70 species.][ Other sources, including '']Plants of the World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...
'' , treated ''Trichomanes'' as the only genus in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, so that it included all the other genera, and had about 250 species.[
]
Species
, the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species:Trichomanes accedens
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' C.Presl
*''Trichomanes alatum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Sw.
*''Trichomanes anadromum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Rosenst.
*''Trichomanes ankersii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Parker
*''Trichomanes anomalum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Maxon & Morton
*'' Trichomanes arbuscula'' Desv.
*'' Trichomanes aureovestitum'' Proctor
*'' Trichomanes bancroftii'' Hook. & Grev.
*'' Trichomanes bicorne'' Hook.
*'' Trichomanes bissei'' C.Sánchez
*''Trichomanes boivinii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Bosch
*'' Trichomanes botryoides'' Kaulf.
*'' Trichomanes caliginum'' Lellinger
*'' Trichomanes crassipilis'' Weath.
*''Trichomanes crinitum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally nec ...
'' Sw.
*''Trichomanes crispiforme
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Alston
*'' Trichomanes crispum'' L.
*'' Trichomanes cristatum'' Kaulf.
*''Trichomanes cupressoides
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Desv.
*'' Trichomanes dactylites'' Sodiro
*'' Trichomanes delicatum'' Bosch
*'' Trichomanes diversifrons'' (Bory) Mett.
*'' Trichomanes ebiharae'' Fraser-Jenk. & Kholia
*'' Trichomanes egleri'' P.G.Windisch
*'' Trichomanes elegans'' Rich.
*''Trichomanes galeottii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' E.Fourn.
*''Trichomanes guidoi
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally nec ...
'' P.G.Windisch
*''Trichomanes holopterum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Kunze
*''Trichomanes hostmannianum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' (Klotzsch) Kunze
*''Trichomanes humboldtii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' (Bosch) Lellinger
*''Trichomanes jenmanii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally ...
'' Lellinger
*''Trichomanes kalbreyeri
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Baker
*''Trichomanes killipii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Weath.
*''Trichomanes laciniosum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally ...
'' Alston
*''Trichomanes lozanoi
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' M.T.Murillo
*''Trichomanes lucens
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally ...
'' Sw.
*''Trichomanes ludovicianum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Rosenst.
*''Trichomanes macilentum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally nec ...
'' Bosch
*''Trichomanes madagascariense
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. ...
'' (Bosch) Moore
*''Trichomanes martiusii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally ...
'' C.Presl
*''Trichomanes micayense
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Hieron.
*''Trichomanes mougeotii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Bosch
*''Trichomanes murilloanum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally nec ...
'' A.Rojas
*''Trichomanes osmundoides
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' DC. ex Poir.
*''Trichomanes padronii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally ...
'' Proctor
*''Trichomanes paucisorum
''Trichomanes paucisorum'' is a species of fern in the family Hymenophyllaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
Hymenophyll ...
'' R.C.Moran & B.Øllg.
*''Trichomanes pedicellatum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Desv.
*''Trichomanes pellucens
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Kunze
*''Trichomanes pilosum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Raddi
*''Trichomanes pinnatifidum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Bosch
*''Trichomanes pinnatum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Hedw.
*'' Trichomanes plumosum'' Kunze
*''Trichomanes poeppigii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' C.Presl
*''Trichomanes polypodioides
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' L.
*''Trichomanes procerum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Fée
*''Trichomanes resinosum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' R.C.Moran
*''Trichomanes ribae
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Pacheco
*''Trichomanes robustum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' E.Fourn.
*''Trichomanes roraimense
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Jenman
*''Trichomanes scandens
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' L.
*''Trichomanes sellowianum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' C.Presl
*''Trichomanes spruceanum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Hook.
*''Trichomanes steyermarkii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' P.G.Windisch & A.R.Sm.
*''Trichomanes sublabiatum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally ...
'' Bosch
*''Trichomanes superbum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. ...
'' Bosch
*''Trichomanes tanaicum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Hook.
*''Trichomanes trichopodium
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' A.Rojas
*''Trichomanes trigonum
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Desv.
*''Trichomanes trollii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. ...
'' Bergdolt
*''Trichomanes tuerckheimii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Christ
*''Trichomanes vandenboschii
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' P.G.Windisch
*''Trichomanes vaupesensis
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally n ...
'' Lellinger
*''Trichomanes vittaria
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally ...
'' DC.
Species formerly placed in this genus include:
* ''Trichomanes angustatum'' Carmich. = ''Polyphlebium angustatum
''Polyphlebium angustatum'' is a species of fern in the family Hymenophyllaceae. It is found in South America and on a number of Atlantic islands, including Tristan da Cunha. The genus ''Polyphlebium'' is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Gr ...
'' (Carmich.) Ebihara & Dubuisson
* ''Trichomanes bauerianum'' = '' Callistopteris baueriana'' (Endl.) Copel – Bauer's bristle fern
* ''Trichomanes boryanum'' = '' Cephalomanes atrovirens''
* ''Trichomanes boschianum'' = ''Vandenboschia boschiana
''Vandenboschia boschiana'', synonym ''Trichomanes boschianum'', the Appalachian bristle fern or Appalachian filmy fern, is a small delicate perennial leptosporangiate fern which forms colonies with long, black creeping rhizomes. The evergreen f ...
'' (J.W.Sturm ex Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats. – Appalachian bristle fern
* ''Trichomanes caudatum'' Brack. = ''Abrodictyum caudatum
''Abrodictyum caudatum'' is an epiphytic fern, found in rainforest
Rainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rain ...
'' (Brack.) Ebihara & K.Iwats.
* ''Trichomanes intricatum'' = ''Crepidomanes intricatum
''Crepidomanes intricatum'', synonym ''Trichomanes intricatum'', is known as the weft fern. The genus ''Crepidomanes'' is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but not by some other sources. , ''Plants of t ...
'' (Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley – Weft fern
* ''Trichomanes melanopus'' = ''Didymoglossum melanopus
''Didymoglossum melanopus'' is a species of fern in the family Hymenophyllaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.
The genus '' Didymoglossum'' is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), but not by some other sou ...
'' (Baker) Copel.
* ''Trichomanes petersii'' = ''Didymoglossum petersii
''Didymoglossum petersii'', the dwarf bristle fern, is a species in the family Hymenophyllaceae, (filmy ferns). It is one of three filmy ferns native to a significant area of the United States. It is found only in the nine most southeastern state ...
'' (A. Gray) Copel. – Dwarf bristle fern
* ''Trichomanes reniforme'' = ''Hymenophyllum nephrophyllum
''Hymenophyllum nephrophyllum'', the kidney fern, is a filmy fern species native to New Zealand. It commonly grows on the forest floor of open native bush. Individual kidney-shaped fronds stand about 5–10 cm tall. In hot weather they shriv ...
'' Ebihara & K. Iwats.
* ''Trichomanes speciosum'' = ''Vandenboschia speciosa
''Vandenboschia speciosa'', synonym ''Trichomanes speciosum'', commonly known as the Killarney fern, is a species of fern found widely in Western Europe. It is most abundant in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Brittany, Galicia, Canary Islands, Mad ...
'' (Willd.) G. Kunkel
* ''Trichomanes tenuissimum'' = ''Polyphlebium tenuissimum
''Polyphlebium tenuissimum'', synonym ''Trichomanes tenuissimum'', is a species of fern in the family Hymenophyllaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. In 2006, in a taxonomic revision of the family Hymenophyllaceae, Ebihara et al. assigned this species ...
'' (Bosch) ''comb. ined.''
* ''Trichomanes venosum'' R.Br. = ''Polyphlebium venosum
''Polyphlebium venosum'', the veined bristle-fern or bristle filmy fern, is a fern in the family Hymenophyllaceae. It is only found in wet forests, mainly growing as an epiphyte on the shady side of the soft tree fern, ''Dicksonia antartica''. ...
'' (R.Br.) Copel.
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2704784
Hymenophyllales
Fern genera
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot