''Trichoglottis'', commonly known as cherub orchids or 毛舌兰属 (mao she lan shu), is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are

epiphytic An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phoroph ...

plants with thick roots, relatively thick, fibrous stems and many large, thick, leathery leaves arranged in two ranks. The flowers are usually small and yellowish with light brown or purple markings. The flowers have broad

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...

s, narrower

petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...

s and a labellum which has three lobes and is often hairy. There are about 85

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

distributed from

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

and

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ...

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

to the north-western Pacific. Most species grow in rainforest.

Description

Orchids in the genus ''Trichoglottis'' are epiphytic or climbing

herbs In general use, herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables and other plants consumed for macronutrients, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal ...

with a

monopodial Vascular plants with monopodial growth habits grow upward from a single point. They add leaves to the apex each year and the stem grows longer accordingly. The word ''Monopodial'' is derived from Greek "mono-", ''one'' and "podial", "foot", in refe ...

habit, thick roots and straggly or pendulous stems. There are many large, leathery linear to elliptic leaves arranged in two ranks with their bases sheathing the stems. From one to a few relatively small flowers are arranged on flowering stems arising from leaf

axil A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, st ...

s. The flowers are

resupinate Resupination is derived from the Latin word ''resupinus'', meaning "bent back with the face upward" or "on the back". "Resupination" is the noun form of the adjective "resupine" which means "being upside-down, supine or facing upward". The word " ...

and commonly yellowish with light brown or purple markings. They tend to be produced sporadically throughout the year and last for about a week. The sepals are free and subsimilar. The petals are also free from each other and slightly shorter than the sepals. The labellum is fixed rigidly to the

column A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. ...

, fleshy, pubescent or hairy, formed by three lobes and features a sac or spur.

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Trichoglottis'' was first formally described in 1825 by

Carl Ludwig Blume Charles Ludwig de Blume or Karl Ludwig von Blume (9 June 1796, Braunschweig – 3 February 1862, Leiden) was a German-Dutch botanist. He was born at Braunschweig in Germany, but studied at Leiden University and spent his professional life wor ...

and the description was published in ''Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië''. The name ''Trichoglottis'' means "hair tongue", and refers to the type species' pubescent labellum.

''Ceratochilus''

In 2014, Kocyan and Schuiteman moved the former monotypic genus ''Ceratochilus'' into ''Trichoglottis''. The sole species of ''Ceratochilus'', ''C. biglandulosus'', is endemic to the island of

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

. Though ''Ceratochilus'' was never considered to be closely related to ''Trichoglottis,'' molecular analysis strongly supported its position as sister to ''T. pusilla''. Rather than excluding ''T. pusilla'', the authors merged ''Ceratochilus'' with ''Trichoglottis''.Kocyan, Alexander & Schuiteman, André. "New combinations in Aeridinae" (Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa 161: 77 (2014).

Species list

The following is a list of species of ''Trichoglottis'' accepted by the

World Checklist of Selected Plant Families The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (usually abbreviated to WCSP) is an "international collaborative programme that provides the latest peer reviewed and published opinions on the accepted scientific names and synonyms of selected plan ...

as at January 9019: * '' Trichoglottis acutifolia'' Ridl. * '' Trichoglottis adnata'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis agusanensis'' Ames & Quisumb. * '' Trichoglottis amesiana'' L.O.Williams * '' Trichoglottis angusta'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis atropurpurea'' Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis australiensis'' Dockrill * '' Trichoglottis biglandulosa'' (Blume) Kocyan & Schuit. * '' Trichoglottis bimae'' Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis bipenicillata'' J.J.Sm. * ''

Trichoglottis bipunctata ''Trichoglottis'', commonly known as cherub orchids or 毛舌兰属 (mao she lan shu), is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic plants with thick roots, relatively thick, fibrous stems and man ...

'' (C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.) Tang & F.T.Wang (1951). * '' Trichoglottis borneensis'' (J.J.Wood) Kocyan & Schuit. * '' Trichoglottis brachystachya'' (Kraenzl.) Garay * '' Trichoglottis calcarata'' Ridl. * '' Trichoglottis calochila'' L.O.Williams * '' Trichoglottis canhii'' Aver. * '' Trichoglottis celebica'' Rolfe * '' Trichoglottis chrysochila'' (Kraenzl.) Ormerod & Cootes * '' Trichoglottis collenetteae'' J.J.Wood, C.L.Chan & A.L.Lamb * '' Trichoglottis crociaria'' Seidenf. * '' Trichoglottis cuneilabris'' Carr * '' Trichoglottis cypriana'' P.O'Byrne, Gokusing & J.J.Wood * '' Trichoglottis dawsoniana'' (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis fasciata'' Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis geminata'' (Teijsm. & Binn.) J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis gibbosicalcar'' (Seidenf.) Senghas in F.R.R.Schlechter * '' Trichoglottis granulata'' Ridl. * '' Trichoglottis guibertii'' (Linden & Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis hastatiloba'' J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb * '' Trichoglottis ionosma'' (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis javanica'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis jiewhoei'' J.J.Wood, A.L.Lamb & C.L.Chan * '' Trichoglottis joiceyana'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis kinabaluensis'' Rolfe * '' Trichoglottis koordersii'' Rolfe * '' Trichoglottis lanceolaria'' Blume * '' Trichoglottis lasioglossa'' (Schltr.) Ormerod * '' Trichoglottis latisepala'' Ames * '' Trichoglottis ledermannii'' Schltr. * '' Trichoglottis littoralis'' Schltr. * '' Trichoglottis lobifera'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis loheriana'' (Kraenzl.) L.O.Williams * '' Trichoglottis lorata'' (Rolfe ex Downie) Schuit. * '' Trichoglottis lowderiana'' Choltco * '' Trichoglottis luchuensis'' (Rolfe) Garay & H.R.Sweet * '' Trichoglottis luwuensis'' P.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm. * '' Trichoglottis luzonensis'' Ames * '' Trichoglottis maculata'' (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis magnicallosa'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames * '' Trichoglottis mimica'' L.O.Williams * '' Trichoglottis mindanaensis'' Ames * '' Trichoglottis odoratissima'' Garay * ''

Trichoglottis orchidea ''Trichoglottis'', commonly known as cherub orchids or 毛舌兰属 (mao she lan shu), is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic plants with thick roots, relatively thick, fibrous stems and man ...

'' (J.Koenig) Garay * ''

Trichoglottis paniculata ''Trichoglottis'', commonly known as cherub orchids or 毛舌兰属 (mao she lan shu), is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic plants with thick roots, relatively thick, fibrous stems and man ...

'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis pantherina'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis papuana'' Schltr. * '' Trichoglottis pauciflora'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis persicina'' P.O'Byrne * '' Trichoglottis philippinensis'' Lindl. * '' Trichoglottis punctata'' Ridl. * '' Trichoglottis pusilla'' (Teijsm. & Binn.) Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis ramosa'' (Lindl.) Senghas in F.R.R.Schlechter * ''

Trichoglottis retusa ''Trichoglottis'', commonly known as cherub orchids or 毛舌兰属 (mao she lan shu), is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic plants with thick roots, relatively thick, fibrous stems and man ...

'' Blume * '' Trichoglottis rigida'' Blume * '' Trichoglottis rosea'' (Lindl.) Ames in E.D.Merrill * '' Trichoglottis scandens'' J.J.Sm. * ''

Trichoglottis scaphigera ''Trichoglottis'', commonly known as cherub orchids or 毛舌兰属 (mao she lan shu), is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic plants with thick roots, relatively thick, fibrous stems and man ...

'' Ridl. * '' Trichoglottis seidenfadenii'' Aver. * '' Trichoglottis simplex'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis sitihasmahae'' J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb * '' Trichoglottis smithii'' Carr * '' Trichoglottis sororia'' Schltr. * '' Trichoglottis subviolacea'' (Llanos) Merr. * '' Trichoglottis tamesisii'' Quisumb. & C.Schweinf. * '' Trichoglottis tenera'' (Lindl.) Rchb.f. * '' Trichoglottis tenuis'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames * '' Trichoglottis tinekeae'' Schuit. * '' Trichoglottis tricostata'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis triflora'' (Guillaumin) Garay & Seidenf. * '' Trichoglottis uexkuelliana'' J.J.Sm. * ''

Trichoglottis valida ''Trichoglottis'', commonly known as cherub orchids or 毛舌兰属 (mao she lan shu), is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic plants with thick roots, relatively thick, fibrous stems and man ...

'' Ridl. * '' Trichoglottis vandiflora'' J.J.Sm. * '' Trichoglottis ventricularis'' Kocyan & Schuit. * ''Trichoglottis winkleri'' J.J.Sm. ** ''Trichoglottis winkleri'' var. ''minor'' J.J.Sm. ** ''Trichoglottis winkleri'' var. ''winkleri'' * '' Trichoglottis zollingeriana'' (Kraenzl.) J.J.Sm.

Distribution and habitat

Orchids in the genus ''Trichoglottis'' are found in China, Taiwan,

Assam Assam (; ) is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur ...

, Bangladesh, the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka, the

Andaman Islands The Andaman Islands () are an archipelago in the northeastern Indian Ocean about southwest off the coasts of Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Region. Together with the Nicobar Islands to their south, the Andamans serve as a maritime boundary between th ...

, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, the

Nicobar Islands The Nicobar Islands are an archipelagic island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean. They are located in Southeast Asia, northwest of Aceh on Sumatra, and separated from Thailand to the east by the Andaman Sea. Located southeast of the Indian s ...

, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, the

Lesser Sunda Islands The Lesser Sunda Islands or nowadays known as Nusa Tenggara Islands ( id, Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara, formerly ) are an archipelago in Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia. Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west they make up t ...

, Malaysia, the

Maluku Islands The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located eas ...

, the Philippines,

Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ...

, Sumatra, the

Bismarck Archipelago The Bismarck Archipelago (, ) is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and is part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. Its area is about 50,000 square km. History The first inhabitants o ...

, New Guinea the Solomon Islands,

Queensland (Australia) ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , establishe ...

, the Caroline Islands and

Palau Palau,, officially the Republic of Palau and historically ''Belau'', ''Palaos'' or ''Pelew'', is an island country and microstate in the western Pacific. The nation has approximately 340 islands and connects the western chain of the Caro ...

. Most species grow in rainforest.

Gallery

File:Trichoglottis atropurpurea Orchi 2012-09-21 126.jpg, '' Trichoglottis atropurpurea'' File:Trichoglottis philippinensis105.jpg, '' Trichoglottis philippinensis'' File:Dark purple Trichoglottis (70213s)c.jpg, '' Trichoglottis atropurpurea''

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q2391468 Vandeae genera