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''Triaenophora'' is a genus of
flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s native to Temperate Asia. Its family placement is not fully settled, : it may be placed in
Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., ''Pedicularis'', ''Rhinanthus'', ''Striga'') were formerly included in the ...
or
Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae, the plantain family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain." In older cl ...
.


Taxonomy

The genus ''Triaenophora'' was first erected by Hans Solereder in 1909, based on a section of the genus ''
Rehmannia ''Rehmannia'' is a genus of seven species of flowering plants in the order Lamiales and family Orobanchaceae, endemic to China. It has been placed as the only member of the monotypic tribe Rehmannieae, but molecular phylogenetic studies suggest t ...
'' which
Joseph Dalton Hooker Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (30 June 1817 – 10 December 1911) was a British botanist and explorer in the 19th century. He was a founder of geographical botany and Charles Darwin's closest friend. For twenty years he served as director of t ...
had called "''Trianophora''" in 1891. It was initially placed in the family
Scrophulariaceae The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...
. When that family was shown by
molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
studies not to be
monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
, and so was split up, ''Triaenophora'' was placed in
Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae, the plantain family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain." In older cl ...
, a placement still used by
Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...
. Subsequent studies have shown that ''Triaenophora'' forms a
clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
with ''Rehmannia'', basal to parasitic genera in the family
Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., ''Pedicularis'', ''Rhinanthus'', ''Striga'') were formerly included in the ...
. While a 2009 study left ''Triaenophora'' unplaced as to family, a 2019 study placed it in a more broadly
circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...
Orobanchaceae:


Species

, Plants of the World Online accepted four species: * ''
Triaenophora bucharica ''Triaenophora'' is a genus of flowering plants native to Temperate Asia. Its family placement is not fully settled, : it may be placed in Orobanchaceae or Plantaginaceae. Taxonomy The genus ''Triaenophora'' was first erected by Hans Solereder ...
'' B.Fedtsch. * ''
Triaenophora integra ''Triaenophora'' is a genus of flowering plants native to Temperate Asia. Its family placement is not fully settled, : it may be placed in Orobanchaceae or Plantaginaceae. Taxonomy The genus ''Triaenophora'' was first erected by Hans Solereder ...
'' (H.L.Li) Ivanina * ''
Triaenophora rupestris ''Triaenophora'' is a genus of flowering plants native to Temperate Asia. Its family placement is not fully settled, : it may be placed in Orobanchaceae or Plantaginaceae. Taxonomy The genus ''Triaenophora'' was first erected by Hans Solereder ...
'' (Hemsl.) Soler. * ''
Triaenophora shennongjiaensis ''Triaenophora'' is a genus of flowering plants native to Temperate Asia. Its family placement is not fully settled, : it may be placed in Orobanchaceae or Plantaginaceae. Taxonomy The genus ''Triaenophora'' was first erected by Hans Solereder ...
'' Xi.D.Li, Y.Y.Zan & J.Q.Li


References

{{Taxonbar, from1=Q5412701, from2=Q15975179 Lamiales Lamiales genera