''Treron'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...

in the pigeon

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Columbidae Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

. Its members are commonly called green pigeons. The genus is distributed across

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

and

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

. This genus contains 30

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

, remarkable for their green coloration, hence the common name, which comes from a

carotenoid Carotenoids (), also called tetraterpenoids, are yellow, orange, and red organic compound, organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria, and Fungus, fungi. Carotenoids give the characteristic color to pumpki ...

pigment in their diet. Green pigeons have diets of various fruits, nuts, and/or seeds. They dwell in trees and occupy a variety of wooded habitats. Members of this genus can be further grouped into species with long tails, medium-length tails, and wedge-shaped tails. Most species of green pigeon display

sexual dimorphism Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the sexes of the same animal and/or plant species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most ani ...

, where males and females can be readily distinguished by different colored

plumage Plumage ( "feather") is a layer of feathers that covers a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers. The pattern and colours of plumage differ between species and subspecies and may vary with age classes. Within species, ...

Behaviour

Green pigeons usually live in groups but can be found in mating pairs. These birds like to live in wild environment, away from humans. But nowadays, it has been seen that these live on outskirts of cities and towns together with humans.

Nesting

Their nest is made up of twigs and little branches similar to Common

Doves and Pigeons Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

. The height of nest is about high on trees that camouflage with their colour. One of their nest has been seen on Neem tree in Rajasthan India which exactly match with their body colour. Eggs are laid 4–5 days after making of nest, and eggs hatch in 15–17 days. After hatching, chicks are fed by both male and female parents.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Treron'' was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist

Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot Louis Pierre Vieillot (10 May 1748, Yvetot – 24 August 1830, Sotteville-lès-Rouen) was a French ornithologist. Vieillot is the author of the first scientific descriptions and Linnaean names of a number of birds, including species he collecte ...

with the

thick-billed green pigeon The thick-billed green pigeon (''Treron curvirostra'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. Taxonomy The thick-billed green pigeon was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expa ...

(''Treron curvirostra'') as the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

. The genus name is from the

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

''trērōn'' meaning "pigeon" or "dove". The genus contains 30 species: *

Cinnamon-headed green pigeon The cinnamon-headed green pigeon (''Treron fulvicollis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical mangrove fores ...

(''Treron fulvicollis'') *

Little green pigeon The little green pigeon (''Treron olax'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest A forest is ...

(''Treron olax'') *

Pink-necked green pigeon The pink-necked green pigeon (''Treron vernans'') is a species of bird of the pigeon and dove family, Columbidae. It is a common species of Southeast Asia, found from Myanmar and Vietnam south through to the major islands of Indonesia and the Ph ...

(''Treron vernans'') *

Orange-breasted green pigeon The orange-breasted green pigeon (''Treron bicinctus'') is a pigeon found across tropical Asia south of the Himalaya across parts of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Like other green pigeons, it feeds mainly on small fruit. They may be ...

(''Treron bicinctus'') *

Pompadour green pigeon The pompadour green pigeon (genus ''Treron'') is a pigeon species complex. It is widespread in forests of southern and southeast Asia. Many authorities have split the pompadour green pigeon into multiple species, which are listed below: Distribu ...

complex: **

Sri Lanka green pigeon The Sri Lanka green pigeon or Ceylon green pigeon (''Treron pompadora'') is a pigeon in the genus ''Treron''. In Sri Lanka, this bird and several other green pigeon are known as ''bata goya'' in the Sinhala language. It is found in the forests of ...

(''Treron pompadora'') **

Grey-fronted green pigeon The grey-fronted green pigeon (''Treron affinis'') is a pigeon in the genus ''Treron''. It is found in the forests of the Western Ghats in India. Many authorities have split the species from the pompadour green pigeon complex. Description The ma ...

(''Treron affinis'') **

Ashy-headed green pigeon The ashy-headed green pigeon (''Treron phayrei'') is a pigeon in the genus ''Treron''. It is found from Nepal, northeast India, and Bangladesh to southwest China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. Many authorities split the species from the p ...

(''Treron phayrei'') **

Andaman green pigeon The Andaman green pigeon (''Treron chloropterus'') is a pigeon in the genus ''Treron''. It is found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Many authorities split the species from the pompadour green pigeon complex. It has been added in the 2014 Red ...

(''Treron chloropterus'') **

Philippine green pigeon The Philippine green pigeon (''Treron axillaris'') is a pigeon in the genus ''Treron''. It is found in the forests of the Philippines. Many authorities split the species from the pompadour green pigeon complex. Behaviour The Philippine green pig ...

(''Treron axillaris'') **

Buru green pigeon The Buru green pigeon (''Treron aromaticus'') is a pigeon in the genus '' Treron''. It is found in the forests of Buru in Indonesia. Many authorities split the species from the pompadour green pigeon complex. Taxonomy The Buru green pigeon was ...

(''Treron aromaticus'') *

Thick-billed green pigeon The thick-billed green pigeon (''Treron curvirostra'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. Taxonomy The thick-billed green pigeon was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expa ...

(''Treron curvirostra'') * Grey-cheeked green pigeon (''Treron griseicauda'') * Sumba green pigeon (''Treron teysmannii'') * Flores green pigeon (''Treron floris'') * Timor green pigeon (''Treron psittaceus'') *

Large green pigeon The large green pigeon (''Treron capellei'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened ...

(''Treron capellei'') *

Yellow-footed green pigeon The yellow-footed green pigeon (''Treron phoenicopterus''), also known as yellow-legged green pigeon, is a common species of green pigeon found in the Indian subcontinent and parts of Southeast Asia.It is the state bird of Maharashtra.

(''Treron phoenicopterus'') *

Bruce's green pigeon Bruce's green pigeon (''Treron waalia''), also known as the yellow-bellied fruit pigeon, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Cong ...

(''Treron waalia'') *

Madagascar green pigeon The Madagascar green pigeon (''Treron australis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Madagascar, Comoros, and Mayotte. The taxon ''griveaudi'', by most authorities considered a subspecies of the Madagascan green pig ...

(''Treron australis'') * Comoros green pigeon (''Treron griveaudi'') *

African green pigeon The African green pigeon (''Treron calvus'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae, and one of 5 green pigeon species in the Afrotropics. The species has a wide range in Sub-Saharan Africa with around 17 accepted races. Description and ...

(''Treron calvus'') *

Pemba green pigeon The Pemba green pigeon (''Treron pembaensis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, plantations, and rural gardens. It is threatened by ...

(''Treron pembaensis'') * São Tomé green pigeon (''Treron sanctithomae'') * Pin-tailed green pigeon (''Treron apicauda'') * Sumatran green pigeon (''Treron oxyurus'') * Yellow-vented green pigeon (''Treron seimundi'') * Wedge-tailed green pigeon (''Treron sphenurus'') * White-bellied green pigeon (''Treron sieboldii'') * Ryukyu green pigeon (''Treron permagnus'') * Taiwan green pigeon (''Treron formosae'')

References

* * Taxa named by Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Columbiformes-stub