Trento Cathedral
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Trento Cathedral ( it, Cattedrale di San Vigilio, ''Duomo di Trento''; german: Kathedrale Trient) is a
Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
cathedral A cathedral is a church that contains the '' cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denomination ...
in
Trento Trento ( or ; Ladin and lmo, Trent; german: Trient ; cim, Tria; , ), also anglicized as Trent, is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th centu ...
, northern
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
. It is the mother church of the
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Trento The Italian Catholic Archdiocese of Trento ( la, Archidioecesis Tridentina, German Trient), in the Triveneto, is a Latin Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese named after its see in Alpine Italy, Trento (Tr(i)ent), in Trentino-Alto Adige region. Th ...
, and until 1802, was the seat of the
Prince-Bishopric of Trent The Prince-Bishopric of Trent ( la, Episcopatus ac Principatus Tridentinus; german: Hochstift Trient, Fürstbistum Trient, Bistum Trient) was an ecclesiastical principality roughly corresponding to the present-day Northern Italian autonomous p ...
. It was built over a pre-existing 4th-century church devoted to
Saint Vigilius Saint Vigilius of Trent ( it, San Vigilio di Trento, german: Vigilius von Trient; c. 353 – 26 June 405) is venerated as the patron saint and bishop of Trent. He should not be confused with the pope of the same name. Life According to tradit ...
( it, San Vigilio),
patron saint A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Catholicism, Anglicanism, or Eastern Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or perso ...
of the city.


History

Trento Cathedral is the largest church in the city. It is named after
Saint Vigilius Saint Vigilius of Trent ( it, San Vigilio di Trento, german: Vigilius von Trient; c. 353 – 26 June 405) is venerated as the patron saint and bishop of Trent. He should not be confused with the pope of the same name. Life According to tradit ...
, who was the first Bishop of Trento and is buried in the cathedral. It was built over the site of the early Christian Basilica of Saint Vigilius, a small church dating to the fourth century. This ancient basilica was built by Vigilius outside the walls to commemorate the martyrdom of the three clerics, Sisinio, Martirio, and Alessandro, by pagans. Upon his death, Vigilius was buried in the church. Prince-Bishop Uldaric II (1022–1055) began the construction of the bishop's palace and a second cathedral. Prince-Bishop Altemanno (1124–1149) completed the construction. In 1212 Prince-Bishop Federico Wanga razed the previous cathedral to the ground and commissioned the architect Adamo d'Arogno to rebuild the cathedral in the Lombard-Romanesque style. This is the basis of the current structure, and its form has been mostly retained from the 1212 structure. Construction of the church was interrupted by Wanga's death in the Holy Land, and continued for centuries. Between 1305 and 1307, the gothic south face of the cathedral was built by Egidio de Campione. De Campione's son, Bonino, created the monumental rose window of the cathedral, depicting the
Wheel of Fortune The Wheel of Fortune or ''Rota Fortunae'' has been a concept and metaphor since ancient times referring to the capricious nature of Fate. Wheel of Fortune may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Art * ''The Wheel of Fortune'' (Burne-Jo ...
, in 1321. The transept also is decorated with 14th-century frescoes depicting the legend of Saint Julian. Modifications continued into the next centuries, including the addition of a niche containing a statue of the ''Madonna degli Annegati'' (Madonna of the Drowned) in the 14th century and the restoration of the monumental romanesque portal by Prince-Bishop Bernardo Clesio in the 15th century. In 1508, Emperor Maximilian I was crowned in the cathedral. Between 1545 and 1563 the cathedral hosted the solemn sessions of the
Council of Trent The Council of Trent ( la, Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento, Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italian Peninsula, Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation ...
. In 1682, the baroque Chapel of the Crucifix was built in the cathedral by sculptor
Giuseppe Alberti Giuseppe Alberti (3 October 1664 – 3 February 1716) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period. He was born at Cavalese, in what was then Austrian Tyrol. After having studied medicine at Padua he decided to become a painter and architect. ...
around a wood crucifix which was used during the Council of Trent. In 1739 a baroque altar and baldachin based on the work of Bernini was built, leading to the demolition of the preexisting presbytery. In March 1913, Pope Pius X elevated the cathedral to the rank of minor basilica. Many of the artworks previously housed in the church are now in the Tridentine Diocesan Museum, a museum housed in the adjacent Bishop's Palace.


Bells

On the bell tower of the cathedral there is a concert of eight bells in Lab2 which covers the entire octave of the diatonic major scale. Six of these were cast in 1920 by the Luigi Colbacchini foundry of Trento and donated by the city of Mantua, and these are the current first, second, third, fifth, sixth and eighth bells (Lab2-Sib2-Do3-Mib3-Fa3-Lab3). In 1955, two bells were added, cast by the foundry of Luigi Cavadini in Verona, which were made to insert the fourth and seventh degree missing for the completion of the major diatonic scale. The ringing of these bells are reserved for solemnities. On the bell tower of St. Romedius, adjacent to the cathedral, there is a bell dating back to 1862 built by the Chiappani di Trento foundry.


Image gallery

File:Tridentinum.jpg, The Council of Trent in the cathedral File:Trento-Cathedral of Saint Vigilius-detail of northern entrance.jpg, Details of the Romanesque portal File:Trento-Cathedral of Saint Vigilio eastern apse.jpg, The apse File:Lapidazione di S. Stefano, Duomo di Trento 01.JPG, The stoning of Saint Stephen, 14th-century bas-relief File:Duomo-di-trento-arte-gotica.jpg, Baroque baldachin and altar File:Trient 2013 016.jpg, Tomb slab of Roberto Sanseverino d'Aragona File:Monte da Bologna - Storie di san Giuliano - Duomo di Trento.jpg, Frescoes with the story of St. Julian


References


External links


Accurate description
{{Authority control 13th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Cathedral A cathedral is a church that contains the '' cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denomination ...
Roman Catholic cathedrals in Italy Romanesque architecture in Italy Churches in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol