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On September 20, 1979, representatives of the newly independent Republic of
Kiribati Kiribati (), officially the Republic of Kiribati ( gil, ibaberikiKiribati),Kiribati
''The Wor ...
and of the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
met in
Tarawa Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati,Kiribati
''
In this treaty, the U.S. acknowledged Kiribati sovereignty over fourteen islands. The treaty was approved by the
U.S. Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and powe ...
on June 21, 1983. The treaty came into force on September 23, 1983, by the exchange of the instruments of ratification, which took place at
Suva Suva () is the capital and largest city of Fiji. It is the home of the country's largest metropolitan area and serves as its major port. The city is located on the southeast coast of the island of Viti Levu, in Rewa Province, Central Divi ...
,
Fiji Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists ...
.Text of the Treat
United Nations, Treaty Series, #28230
/ref> This, together with British cessation of claims, ended the
Canton and Enderbury Islands The Canton and Enderbury Islands consist of the coral atolls of Canton Island (also Kanton) and Enderbury in the northeastern part of the Phoenix Islands, about 1,850 miles (3,000 km) south of Hawaii in the central Pacific Ocean. History ...
Condominium, which had begun under the terms of the
Guano Islands Act The Guano Islands Act (, enacted August 18, 1856, codified at §§ 1411-1419) is a United States federal law passed by the U.S. Congress that enables citizens of the United States to take possession, in the name of the United States, of unclai ...
. In Art. 3 the US have reserved the right to maintain military bases on the Islands of Canton, Enderbury or Hull.


Islands mentioned in the treaty

*
Birnie Island Birnie Island is a small, uninhabited coral island, in area, part of the Phoenix Island group, that is part of the Republic of Kiribati. It is located about southeast of Kanton Island and west-northwest of Rawaki Island, formerly known as Pho ...
* Canton (Kanton) *
Caroline Island Caroline Island (also known as Caroline Atoll or Millennium Island) is the easternmost of several uninhabited coral atolls comprising the southern Line Islands in the central Pacific Ocean nation of Kiribati. The atoll was first sighted by Eu ...
* Christmas (Kiritimati) *
Enderbury Island Enderbury Island, also known as Ederbury Island or Guano Island, is a small, uninhabited atoll 63 km ESE of Kanton Island in the Pacific Ocean at . It is about 1 mile (1.6 km) wide and 3 miles (4.8 km) long, with a reef stretchin ...
*
Flint Island Flint Island is an uninhabited coral island in the central Pacific Ocean, part of the Southern Line Islands under the jurisdiction of Kiribati. In 2014 the Kiribati government established a exclusion zone around each of the southern Line ...
* Gardner (Nikumaroro) * Hull (Orona) *
Malden Island Malden Island, sometimes called Independence Island in the 19th century, is a low, arid, uninhabited atoll in the central Pacific Ocean, about in area. It is one of the Line Islands belonging to the Republic of Kiribati. The lagoon is enti ...
*
McKean Island McKean Island is a small, uninhabited island in the Phoenix Islands, Republic of Kiribati. Its area is . Kiribati declared the Phoenix Islands Protected Area in 2006, with the park being expanded in 2008. The 164,200-square-mile (425,300-squar ...
* Rawaki Island *
Starbuck Island Starbuck Island (or Volunteer Island) is an uninhabited coral island in the central Pacific, and is part of the Central Line Islands of Kiribati. Former names include "Barren Island", "Coral Queen Island", "Hero Island", "Low Island", and " ...
*
Manra Island Manra (previously: ''Sydney Island''), is one of the Phoenix Islands in the Republic of Kiribati. It lies at . longitude, and has an area of . and an elevation of approximately six metres. Together with the seven other Phoenix Islands, it for ...
*
Vostok Island Vostok Island is an uninhabited coral island in the central Pacific Ocean, part of the Line Islands belonging to Kiribati. Other names for the island include Anne Island, Bostock Island, Leavitts Island, Reaper Island, Wostock Island or Wostok I ...


See also

* Line Islands — ''divided by the treaty''. *
Howland and Baker islands Howland Island and Baker Island are two uninhabited U.S. atolls in the Equatorial Pacific that are located close to one another. Both islands are wildlife refuges, the larger of which is Howland Island. They are both part of the larger politi ...
— ''U.S. possessions not included in the treaty''.


References

{{Reflist , refs = {{cite web , url = http://www.trussel.com/kir/treaty.htm , title = Treaty of friendship between the United States of America and the Republic of Kiribati , quote = Advise and consent to ratification by the Senate June 21, 1983; , accessdate = 2018-01-18 History of Kiribati Kiribati–United States relations Treaties of Kiribati Treaties of the United States Treaties concluded in 1979 Treaties entered into force in 1983 International territorial disputes of the United States 1979 in Kiribati 1979 in the United States Disputed islands of Oceania Guano Islands Act Line Islands United States Minor Outlying Islands Line Islands (Kiribati)