Trastevere () is the 13th ''
rione
A (; plural: ) is a neighbourhood in several Italian cities. A is a territorial subdivision. The larger administrative subdivisions in Rome are the , with the being used only in the historic centre. The word derives from the Latin , the 14 su ...
'' of
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
: it is identified by the initials R. XIII and it is located within
Municipio I
Municipio I is an administrative subdivision of the municipality of Rome, encompassing the centre of the city.
It was first created by Rome's city council on 19 January 2001 and has a president who is elected during the mayoral elections. On 11 ...
. Its name comes from
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
''trans Tiberim'', literally 'beyond the
Tiber
The Tiber ( ; it, Tevere ; la, Tiberis) is the third-longest List of rivers of Italy, river in Italy and the longest in Central Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, where ...
'.
Its coat of arms depicts a golden head of a
lion on a red background, the meaning of which is uncertain.
History
In
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
's
Regal period (753–509 BC), the area across the Tiber belonged to the
Etruscans
The Etruscan civilization () was developed by a people of Etruria in ancient Italy with a common language and culture who formed a federation of city-states. After conquering adjacent lands, its territory covered, at its greatest extent, rou ...
: the Romans named it ''Ripa Etrusca'' (Etruscan bank). Rome conquered it to gain control of and access to the river from both banks, but was not interested in building on that side of the river. In fact, the only connection between Trastevere and the rest of the city was a small wooden bridge called the ''
Pons Sublicius
The Pons Sublicius is the earliest known bridge of ancient Rome, spanning the Tiber River near the Forum Boarium ("cattle forum") downstream from the Tiber Island, near the foot of the Aventine Hill. According to tradition, its construction was ...
'' (English: 'bridge on wooden piles').
By the time of the
Republic c. 509 BC, the number of sailors and fishermen making a living from the river had increased, and many had taken up residence in Trastevere. Immigrants from the East also settled there, mainly
Jew
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...
s and
Syrians. The area began to be considered part of the city under
Augustus
Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pr ...
, who divided Rome into
14 regions (''regiones'' in Latin); modern Trastevere was the XIV and was called ''Trans Tiberim''.
Since the end of the Roman Republic the quarter was also the center of an important
Jewish
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
community, which lived there until the end of the Middle Ages. Rome's oldest remaining synagogue, though not used as such any longer, is found in the district. The building was constructed in 980, and became a synagogue in 1073 through the efforts of lexicographer Nathan ben Yechiel. Within the building there was also a
mikveh. At the base of the central column
Hebrew
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...
writing is still visible. Its use as a synagogue ended when the Jews were forced to move to the
Roman ghetto
The Roman Ghetto or Ghetto of Rome ( it, Ghetto di Roma) was a Jewish ghetto established in 1555 in the Rione Sant'Angelo, in Rome, Italy, in the area surrounded by present-day Via del Portico d'Ottavia, Lungotevere dei Cenci, Via del Progresso ...
on the other side of the
Tiber river
The Tiber ( ; it, Tevere ; la, Tiberis) is the third-longest river in Italy and the longest in Central Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, where it is joined by the Ri ...
in the mid-16th century. It is now used commercially, and can be found at 14, Vicolo dell’Atleta.
With the wealth of the
Imperial Age, several important figures decided to build their
''villae'' in Trastevere, including
Clodia
Clodius is an alternate form of the Roman '' nomen'' Claudius, a patrician '' gens'' that was traditionally regarded as Sabine in origin. The alternation of ''o'' and ''au'' is characteristic of the Sabine dialect. The feminine form is Clodia.
R ...
, (
Catullus
Gaius Valerius Catullus (; 84 - 54 BCE), often referred to simply as Catullus (, ), was a Latin poet of the late Roman Republic who wrote chiefly in the neoteric style of poetry, focusing on personal life rather than classical heroes. His ...
' "friend") and
Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, ...
(his garden villa, the ''
Horti Caesaris
The Horti Caesaris (''Gardens of Caesar'') was the name of two parks belonging to Julius Caesar in Rome.
Quirinal
These were located at Porta Collina on the Quirinal. As the Servian Wall had lost its defensive function by this time and had been ...
''). The ''regio'' included two of the most ancient churches in Rome, the ''Titulus Callixti'', later called the
Basilica di Santa Maria in Trastevere
The Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere ( it, Basilica di Santa Maria in Trastevere); en, Our Lady in Trastevere) is a titular minor basilica in the Trastevere district of Rome, and one of the oldest churches of Rome. The basic floor plan and ...
, and the ''Titulus Cecilae'',
Santa Cecilia in Trastevere.
In order to have a stronghold on the right Bank and to control the
Gianicolo
The Janiculum (; it, Gianicolo ), occasionally the Janiculan Hill, is a hill in western Rome, Italy. Although it is the second-tallest hill (the tallest being Monte Mario) in the contemporary city of Rome, the Janiculum does not figure among th ...
hill, ''Transtiberim'' was partially included by Emperor
Aurelian (270–275) inside
the wall
''The Wall'' is the eleventh studio album by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd, released on 30 November 1979 by Harvest/EMI and Columbia/ CBS Records. It is a rock opera that explores Pink, a jaded rock star whose eventual self-imp ...
erected to defend the city against the Germanic tribes.
In the
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
Trastevere had narrow, winding, irregular streets; moreover, because of the ''mignani'' (structures on the front of buildings) there was no space for carriages to pass. At the end of the 15th century these ''mignani'' were removed. Nevertheless, Trastevere remained a maze of narrow streets. There was a strong contrast between the large, opulent houses of the upper classes and the small, dilapidated houses of the poor. The streets had no pavement until the time of
Sixtus IV at the end of the 15th century. At first bricks were used, but these were later replaced by
sampietrini
Sampietrini (also sanpietrini) is the typical kind of pavement found in the historic district of Rome and in St. Peter's Square, Vatican City. The earliest examples were made by trimming large blocks that had been used in ancient Roman roads ...
(cobble stones), which were more suitable for carriages. Thanks to its partial isolation (it was "beyond the Tiber") and to the fact that its population had been multicultural since the ancient Roman period, the inhabitants of Trastevere, called ''Trasteverini'', developed a culture of their own. In 1744
Benedict XIV
Pope Benedict XIV ( la, Benedictus XIV; it, Benedetto XIV; 31 March 1675 – 3 May 1758), born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 17 August 1740 to his death in May 1758. Pope ...
modified the borders of the ''rioni'', giving Trastevere its modern limits.
Modern day
Nowadays, Trastevere maintains its character thanks to its narrow cobbled streets lined by ancient houses. At night, natives and tourists alike flock to its many pubs and restaurants, but much of the original character of Trastevere remains. The area is also home to several foreign academic institutions including
The American University of Rome
The American University of Rome (commonly referred to as AUR) is a degree-granting American university in Rome, Italy. AUR is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education in the United States and is recognized by the Italian Min ...
and
John Cabot University
John Cabot University (JCU) is a private American-style university in Rome, Italy. It was founded in 1972 and it offers undergraduate degrees, graduate degrees, and study abroad programs to English-speaking students. The university has more tha ...
(both of which are private American universities), the
American Academy in Rome
The American Academy in Rome is a research and arts institution located on the Gianicolo (Janiculum Hill) in Rome.
The academy is a member of the Council of American Overseas Research Centers.
History
In 1893, a group of American architects, ...
, the Rome campus of the
Thomas More College of Liberal Arts
The Thomas More College of Liberal Arts is a Private college, private Catholic Church, Roman Catholic liberal arts college in Merrimack, New Hampshire. It emphasizes Classical education movement, classical education in the Catholic intellectual t ...
, the Canadian
University of Waterloo School of Architecture
The School of Architecture is one of the professional schools of the University of Waterloo. It offers a professional program in architecture accredited by the Canadian Architectural Certification Board at the master's level (M.Arch.). It is part ...
(between the months of September and December), and the American
Pratt Institute School of Architecture therefore serving as home to an international student body.
The neighborhood has attracted artists, foreign expats, and many famous people. In the sixties and seventies, the American musicians/composers Frederic Rzewski and
Richard Teitelbaum
Richard Lowe Teitelbaum (May 19, 1939 – April 9, 2020) was an American composer, keyboardist, and improvisor. A student of Allen Forte, Mel Powell, and Luigi Nono, he was known for his live electronic music and synthesizer performances. He was ...
, of the group
Musica Elettronica Viva
Musica Elettronica Viva (MEV) is a live acoustic/electronic improvisational group formed in Rome, Italy, in 1966. It is "something of an irregular institution, a band that has come together intermittently through the years". Its founding members ...
, lived in Via della Luce.
Sergio Leone, the director of
Spaghetti Westerns
The Spaghetti Western is a broad subgenre of Western films produced in Europe. It emerged in the mid-1960s in the wake of Sergio Leone's film-making style and international box-office success. The term was used by foreign critics because most of ...
, grew up in Viale Glorioso (there is a marble plaque to his memory on the wall of the apartment building), and went to a Catholic private school in the neighborhood.
Ennio Morricone, the film music composer, went to the same school, and for one year was in the same class as Sergio Leone.
Geography
The ''rione'' is on the west bank of the River
Tiber
The Tiber ( ; it, Tevere ; la, Tiberis) is the third-longest List of rivers of Italy, river in Italy and the longest in Central Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, where ...
, south of
Vatican City
Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—'
* german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ')
* pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—'
* pt, Cidade do Vati ...
, in the plain between the meander of the river and the
Janiculum
The Janiculum (; it, Gianicolo ), occasionally the Janiculan Hill, is a hill in western Rome, Italy. Although it is the second-tallest hill (the tallest being Monte Mario) in the contemporary city of Rome, the Janiculum does not figure among t ...
Hill. In addition to the river, that marks the eastern border of the borough, the area is delimited to the west and to the south by the
Janiculum walls
The Janiculum walls (Italian: Mura gianicolensi) are a stretch of defensive walls erected in 1643 by Pope Urban VIII as a completion of the Leonine wall (defending the Vatican Hill) and for a better protection of the area of Rome rising on the ri ...
, and to the north by the Galleria
Principe Amedeo di Savoia-Aosta tunnel.
Boundaries
To the north, Trastevere borders with
Borgo (R. XIV), whose border is defined by a portion of
the walls
The Walls are an Irish rock band. They were formed in 1998 by two ex-members of The Stunning – brothers Steve and Joe Wall. Their debut album ''Hi-Lo'' was released in 2000 and included the singles "Bone Deep", "Something's Wrong" and "Some ...
of
Urban VIII
Pope Urban VIII ( la, Urbanus VIII; it, Urbano VIII; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), born Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death in July 1644. As p ...
, beside Rampa del Sangallo and Viale delle Mura Aurelie, by Piazza della Rovere and by
Ponte Principe Amedeo.
To the east, the ''rione'' borders with
Ponte (R. V),
Regola
Regola is the 7th ''rione'' of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials R. VII, and belongs to the Municipio I. The name comes from ''Arenula'' (the name is recognizable in the modern ''Via Arenula''), which was the name of the soft sand (''rena'' ...
(R. VII) and
Ripa (R. XII): the border is marked by the stretch of the
Tiber
The Tiber ( ; it, Tevere ; la, Tiberis) is the third-longest List of rivers of Italy, river in Italy and the longest in Central Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, where ...
between Ponte Principe Amedeo and
Ponte Sublicio.
To the south, Trastevere borders with ''
Quartiere
A (; plural: ) is a territorial subdivision of certain Italian towns. The word derives from (‘fourth’) and was thus properly used only for towns divided into four neighborhoods by the two main roads. It has been later used as a synonymous ...
''
Portuense
Portuense is the 11th ''quartiere'' of Rome (Italy), identified by the initials Q.XI.
The toponym is also used to indicate the urbanistic area 15b, in the Municipio XV. The population of the urbanistic area amounts to 30.362 inhabitants.
There ...
(Q. XI), from which is separated by a short stretch of the
Aurelian Walls beside Piazza di
Porta Portese
Porta Portese is an ancient city gate, located at the end of Via Portuense, where it meets Via Porta Portese, about a block from the banks of the Tiber in the southern edge of the Rione Trastevere of Rome, Italy.
History
The gate was built in ...
; as well as with ''Quartiere''
Aurelio (Q. XIII), from which is separated by the stretch of the Walls between Porta Portese and
Porta San Pancrazio.
Westward, it borders with ''Quartiere''
Gianicolense
Gianicolense is the 12th ''quartiere'' of Rome (Italy), identified by the initials Q. XII. It belongs to the Municipio XI and Municipio XII. It takes its name from the Janiculum hill, which lies in the nearby ''rione'' Trastevere and whose west ...
(Q. XII), whose boundary is marked by the Aurelian Walls, alongside Viale delle Mura Aurelie.
Places of interest
Palaces and other buildings
*
Palazzo Corsini alla Lungara, in
Via della Lungara
Via della Lungara is a street that links Via di Porta Settimiana to Piazza della Rovere in Rome (Italy), in the Rione Trastevere.
History and name
In the 16th century, Pope Julius II opened the new ''via recta'' ("straight road") that cut throug ...
, seat of the
botanical garden
A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens, an ...
of Rome.
*
Villa Farnesina
The Villa Farnesina is a Renaissance suburban villa in the Via della Lungara, in the district of Trastevere in Rome, central Italy.
Description
The villa was built for Agostino Chigi, a rich Sienese banker and the treasurer of Pope Julius II. B ...
, in Via della Lungara.
*
Palazzo San Callisto
The Palazzo San Callisto (also known as the Palace of Saint Callixtus) is a Baroque palace in the Trastevere neighborhood of Rome and one of the extraterritorial Properties of the Holy See. The original Palazzo is located in the ''Piazza di Santa ...
, fronting Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere and Piazza di San Calisto. Vatican extraterritorial building. Houses some departments of the Roman Curia.
*
Villa Lante al Gianicolo
Villa Lante al Gianicolo is a villa in Rome on the Janiculum Hill (Gianicolo). It is a summer house designed by Giulio Romano in 1520-21 for Baldassare Turini, as one of Romano's first independent commissions after the death of his master Raph ...
, in Passeggiata del Gianicolo.
*
Villa Sciarra, in Via Calandrelli.
* Villa Spada, in Via Giacomo Medici, built in 1639, seat of the Irish embassy to the Holy See.
*
Regina Coeli, in Via della Lungara.
*
San Michele a Ripa.
Churches
*
Basilica di Santa Maria in Trastevere
The Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere ( it, Basilica di Santa Maria in Trastevere); en, Our Lady in Trastevere) is a titular minor basilica in the Trastevere district of Rome, and one of the oldest churches of Rome. The basic floor plan and ...
*
Santa Maria dell'Orto
Santa Maria dell'Orto is a church in the Rione of Trastevere in Rome (Italy). It is the national church of Japan in Rome.
History
The church is set in the middle of the area that has been called the ''Prata Mucia'' ("Fields of Mucius") sinc ...
*
San Crisogono
San Crisogono is a church in Rome (rione Trastevere) dedicated to the martyr Saint Chrysogonus. It was one of the tituli, the first parish churches of Rome, and was probably built in the 4th century under Pope Sylvester I (314–335).
T ...
*
Santa Cecilia in Trastevere
*
Santa Maria dei Sette Dolori
*
San Pietro in Montorio
San Pietro in Montorio (Saint Peter on the Golden Mountain) is a church in Rome, Italy, which includes in its courtyard the ''Tempietto'', a small commemorative '' martyrium'' (tomb) built by Donato Bramante.
History
The Church of San Pietro in ...
*
San Callisto
San Callisto ( en, Saint Callixtus, la, S. Calixti) is a Roman Catholic titular church in Rome, Italy, built over the site of Pope Callixtus I's martyrdom (c. AD 222). The original building dates from the time of Pope Gregory III (r. 731–741), ...
*
Sant'Agata in Trastevere
*
Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo
Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo is a titular church in Trastevere, Rome. It is the official church of the papal order of knighthood Order of the Holy Sepulchre. A side chapel is dedicated to the Order and a former grand master, Nicola Canali is entombe ...
* San Benedetto in Piscinula
*
Santa Maria della Luce
*
Santi Maria e Gallicano
* Sante Rufina e Seconda
* Santa Margherita in Trastevere
*
Chiesa di San Cosimato
*
Santi Quaranta Martiri e San Pasquale Baylon
*
San Francesco a Ripa
San Francesco a Ripa is a church in Rome, Italy. It is dedicated to Francis of Assisi who once stayed at the adjacent convent. The term ''Ripa'' refers to the nearby riverbank of the Tiber.
History
The origins of this church are related to a Fr ...
*
San Giovanni Battista dei Genovesi
San Giovanni Battista dei Genovesi (''Saint John the Baptist of the Genoans'') is a Roman Catholic church on via Anicia in the Trastevere district of Rome. It is the national churches in Rome, regional church for Genoa.
It was built between 1481 ...
* Santa Maria in Cappella
*
Sant'Egidio
*
Santa Maria della Scala
Santa Maria della Scala (English: Mary of the Staircase) is a titular church in Rome, Italy, located in the Trastevere rione. Cardinal Ernest Simoni took possession of the titular church on 11 February 2017. Santa Maria della Scala is a titular ...
*
Santa Dorotea
*
San Giovanni della Malva in Trastevere San Giovanni della Malva in Trastevere () is a church in Rome, in the Trastevere district, located in Piazza di S. Giovanni della Malva. It is the Albanian national church in Rome.San Giovanni della Malva in Trastevere , Ministry of the Inte ...
*
Santa Croce alla Lungara
*
San Giacomo alla Lungara
*
San Giuseppe alla Lungara
*
San Giosafat al Gianicolo
The Ukrainian Pontifical College of Saint Josaphat is a Pontifical College in Rome, for seminarians and priests of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. Its patron saint is Josaphat Kuntsevych. It also includes the church of San Giosafat al Gianico ...
* Sant'Antonio Maria Zaccaria
* Oratory of Santa Maria Addolorata in Trastevere
* Santa Maria del Buon Viaggio
* Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Villa Lante
* San Francesco e Santa Caterina patroni d'Italia
* Santa Maria del Ritiro al Gianicolo
* Santa Maria della Visitazione e San Francesco di Sales
Fountains
*
Fountain in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere
The Fountain in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere is a fountain located in the square in front of the church of Santa Maria in Trastevere, Rome, Italy. It is believed to be the oldest fountain in Rome, dating back, according to some sources, to th ...
*
Fontana dell'Acqua Paola
The Fontana dell'Acqua Paola also known as Il Fontanone ("The big fountain") is a monumental fountain located on the Janiculum Hill, near the church of San Pietro in Montorio, in Rome, Italy. It was built in 1612 to mark the end of the Acqua Pa ...
*
Fontanone di Ponte Sisto
Education
Public libraries in Trastevere include ''Casa della Memoria e della Storia''.
[Biblioteche ed i Centri specializzati]
" City of Rome. Retrieved on 8 September 2012.
See also
*
Leonine City
The Leonine City (Latin: ''Civitas Leonina'') is the part of the city of Rome which, during the Middle Ages, was enclosed with the Leonine Wall, built by order of Pope Leo IV in the 9th century.
This area was located on the opposite side of the ...
References
External links
*
{{Authority control
Rioni of Rome
Restaurant districts and streets
!