Trapherinae is a subfamily of

flies Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced ...

(Diptera) in the family

Platystomatidae The Platystomatidae (signal flies) are a distinctive family of flies (Diptera) in the superfamily Tephritoidea. Signal flies are worldwide in distribution, found in all the biogeographic realms, but predominate in the tropics. It is one of the ...

(Signal flies), which currently includes 11 genera.

Subfamily classification

The Platystomatidae were comprehensively divided into five subfamilies, but more recent reviews of morphology suggest that some aspects of this classification are unsatisfactory. This led to reducing the number of subfamilies to four, being the Plastotephritinae, Platystomatinae, Trapherinae and Trapherinae - Angitulinae being subsumed into Platystomatinae. Nonetheless, definition of the subfamily Trapherinae is still open to debate and requires phylogenetic confirmation. At present, genera assigned to the subfamily are considered as having the following subset of characters: distiphallus terminating in terminal filaments, but no glans, tergites 4 and 5 unreduced in female and tergite 6 in the female abdomen well developed. Although McAlpine rejected the use of the presence of an anepisternal (=sternopleural) seta, Whittington more recently continued to use it as it provides an additional character besides those given above, all of which are transitional to some extent in the other subfamilies of the Platystomatidae. In particular, head and genitalic morphology, and perhaps larval biology once more of this is known, should play a role in the definition of the subfamilies, the debate for which remains open. Seven of the eleven genera in the Trapherinae are monotypic: ''Aglaioptera'', ''Eopiara'', ''Phasiamya'', ''Phlyax'', ''Piara'', ''Traphera'' and ''Xiriella''.

Biology

Little is known of the biology of Trapherinae. Larvae of ''Poecilotraphera'' were recorded from guava, sugar cane, rice and maize. and adults have been observed on the under surface of leaves.

Biogeography

Without doubt, the largest concentration of species of Trapherinae occurs in the Oriental region.Steyskal, G C (1977). Family Platystomatidae. 135-164. In: Delfinado, M D & Hardy, D E (eds.) ''A catalogue of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Volume II, Suborder Brachycera through Division Aschiza, Suborder Cyclorrhapha.'' Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii. The subfamily is entirely absent from the Americas and the Palaearctic and by only one genus (''Phlyax'') in Australasia. There are four genera known from the Afrotropical region, only one of which also occurs in the Oriental region (''Lule'').

Genera

*'' Aglaioptera''

Frey Freyr (Old Norse: 'Lord'), sometimes anglicized as Frey, is a widely attested god in Norse mythology, associated with kingship, fertility, peace, and weather. Freyr, sometimes referred to as Yngvi-Freyr, was especially associated with Sweden and ...

, 1964 *'' Eopiara''

, 1964 *'' Lule''

Speiser Speiser is a German and Yiddish surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Ambros Speiser (1922–2003), Swiss engineer and scientist *Andreas Speiser (1885–1970), Swiss mathematician *Elisabeth Speiser (born 1940), Swiss operatic sopra ...

, 1910 *'' Phasiamya''

Walker Walker or The Walker may refer to: People *Walker (given name) *Walker (surname) *Walker (Brazilian footballer) (born 1982), Brazilian footballer Places In the United States *Walker, Arizona, in Yavapai County *Walker, Mono County, California * ...

, 1849 *'' Piara'' Loew, 1873 *'' Phlyax'' McAlpine, 2001 *'' Poecilotraphera'' Hendel, 1914 *'' Seguyopiara'' Steyskal, 1990 *'' Traphera'' Loew, 1873 *'' Xiria''

, 1856 *'' Xiriella''

, 1964

References

External links

Biolib
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q97356048 Brachycera subfamilies Platystomatidae Taxa named by Friedrich Georg Hendel