![Kroatien Autobahnen (aktueller Stand)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Kroatien_Autobahnen_%28aktueller_Stand%29.svg)
Transport in Croatia relies on several main modes, including
transport
Transport (in British English), or transportation (in American English), is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land ( rail and road), water, cable, pipelin ...
by car, train, ship and plane. Road transport incorporates a comprehensive network of state, county and local routes augmented by a network of highways for long-distance travelling. Water transport can be divided into sea, based on the ports of
Rijeka,
Ploče
Ploče (; it, Porto Tolero) is a town and seaport in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia.
Geography
Ploče is located on the Adriatic coast in Dalmatia just north of the Neretva Delta and is the natural seaside endpoint of most north-south ...
,
Split
Split(s) or The Split may refer to:
Places
* Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia
* Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay
* Split Island, Falkland Islands
* Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua
Arts, entertai ...
and
Zadar
Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar serv ...
, and river transport, based on
Sava
The Sava (; , ; sr-cyr, Сава, hu, Száva) is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube. It flows through Slovenia, Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finally t ...
,
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , p ...
and, to a lesser extent,
Drava.
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capit ...
has 9 international airports and several airlines, of which the most notable are
Croatia Airlines
Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia. Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations. Its main hub is Zagreb International Airport ...
and
Trade Air
Trade Air d.o.o. is a Croatian passenger and cargo charter airline headquartered in Zagreb and based at Zagreb Airport. The company is registered as an airline whose main activities are passenger charter flights and cargo operations, organised e ...
. Rail network is fairly developed but regarding inter-city transport, bus tends to be far more common than the rail.
Air transport
![Croati Airlines A319](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Croati_Airlines_A319.jpg)
Croatia counts 9 civil, 13 sport and 3 military airports. There are nine international civil
airport
An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface ...
s:
Zagreb Airport
Zagreb Franjo Tuđman Airport ( hr, Zračna luka Franjo Tuđman Zagreb) or Zagreb Airport ( hr, Zračna luka Zagreb) () is an international airport serving Zagreb, Croatia. It is the largest and busiest airport in Croatia. In 2019 it handled 3 ...
,
Split Airport
Split Airport ( hr, Zračna luka Split; ), also known as Resnik Airport ( hr, Zračna luka Resnik), is the international airport serving the city of Split, Croatia. It is located from Split, on the west side of Kaštela Bay, in the town of Ka ...
,
Dubrovnik Airport
Dubrovnik Airport ( hr, Zračna luka Dubrovnik; ), also referred to as Čilipi Airport (), is the international airport of Dubrovnik, Croatia. The airport is located approximately 15.5 km (9.5 mi) from Dubrovnik city centre, near Čilip ...
,
Zadar Airport
Zadar Airport ( hr, Zračna luka Zadar; ) is an international airport serving Zadar, Croatia. It is located in Zemunik Donji, from the centre of Zadar.
History
As early as 1936, Zadar (then part of the Italian Province of Zara) had regular ...
,
Pula Airport
Pula Airport ( hr, Zračna luka Pula; it, Aeroporto di Pola; ) is the international airport serving Pula, Croatia, and is located 6 km from the city centre. It served 777,568 passengers in 2019. The airport is designated as the alternative ...
,
Rijeka Airport
Rijeka Airport ( hr, Zračna luka Rijeka, it, Aeroporto di Fiume; ) is the international airport serving Rijeka, Croatia. It is located near the town of Omišalj on the island of Krk, 17 km from the Rijeka railway station. Most of the tr ...
(on the island of
Krk
Krk (; it, Veglia; ruo, Krk; dlm, label= Vegliot Dalmatian, Vikla; la, Curicta; grc-gre, Κύρικον, Kyrikon) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, located near Rijeka in the Bay of Kvarner and part of Primorje-Gorski Kot ...
),
Osijek Airport
Osijek Airport ( hr, Zračna luka Osijek; ) is the international airport of Osijek, Croatia. It is located 20 km east southeast of Osijek and is situated near the Osijek – Vukovar regional road, southwest of the eponymous village of Kli ...
,
Bol and
Mali Lošinj
Mali Lošinj ( it, Lussinpiccolo, vec, Lusinpicolo) is a town in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, on the island of Lošinj, in western Croatia. At the time of the 2011 census, there were 8,116 inhabitants, of whom 86% were Croats.
The favourab ...
. The two busiest airports in the country are the ones serving Zagreb and Split.
By the end of 2010, significant investments in the renovation of Croatian airports began. Since the middle of 2013,
Croatia is a member of the European Union.
New modern and spacious passenger terminals were opened in 2017 at Zagreb and Dubrovnik Airports and in 2019 at Split Airport. The new passenger terminals at Dubrovnik Airport and Zagreb Airport are the first in Croatia to feature
jet bridge
A jet bridge (also termed jetway, jetwalk, airgate, gangway, aerobridge/airbridge, skybridge, finger, airtube, expedited suspended passenger entry system (E-SPES), or its official industry name passenger boarding bridge (PBB)) is an enclosed, ...
s.
Airports that serve cities on the
Adriatic coast receive the majority of the traffic during the summer season due to the large number of flights from foreign air carriers (especially low-cost) that serve these airports with seasonal flights.
Croatia Airlines
Croatia Airlines Ltd. is the state-owned flag carrier airline of Croatia. Its headquarters are in Buzin near Zagreb and operates domestic and international services mainly to European destinations. Its main hub is Zagreb International Airport ...
is the state-owned flag carrier of Croatia. It is headquartered in Zagreb and its main hub is Zagreb Airport.
Croatia is connected by air with a large number of foreign (especially European) destinations, while its largest cities are interconnected by a significant number of domestic air routes such as Zagreb-Split-Zagreb, Zagreb-Dubrovnik-Zagreb, Zagreb-Zadar-Zagreb, Osijek-Rijeka-Osijek, Osijek-Split-Osijek, Zadar-Pula-Zadar, etc. These routes are operated by domestic air carriers such as Croatia Airlines or
Trade Air
Trade Air d.o.o. is a Croatian passenger and cargo charter airline headquartered in Zagreb and based at Zagreb Airport. The company is registered as an airline whose main activities are passenger charter flights and cargo operations, organised e ...
.
Rail transport
Railway corridors
![Railway map of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Railway_map_of_Croatia_and_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.png)
The Croatian railway network is classified into three groups: railways of international, regional and local significance.
The most important railway lines follow
Pan-European corridors V/branch B (
Rijeka - Zagreb - Budapest) and
X, which connect with each other in Zagreb. With international passenger trains, Croatia is directly connected with the majority of neighbouring (
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
,
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
,
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
) and medium-distanced
Central Europe
Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the area' ...
an countries such as
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
,
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
or
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
.
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterran ...
is the most populous and well known city in Croatia that is not connected with the railway, while the city of
Pula
Pula (; also known as Pola, it, Pola , hu, Pòla, Venetian language, Venetian; ''Pola''; Istriot language, Istriot: ''Puola'', Slovene language, Slovene: ''Pulj'') is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, and the List of cities and town ...
(together with the rest of westernmost
Istria County
Istria County (; hr, Istarska županija; it, Regione istriana, "Istrian Region") is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula ( out of , or 89%).
Administrative centers in the county are Pazi ...
) can only be directly reached by railway through
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
(unless one takes the railway company's organized bus service between
Rijeka and
Lupoglav). As the most of the country's interior-based larger towns are connected with the railway (opposite to the coastal part of the country), there are many small inland towns, villages and remote areas that are served by the trains running on regional or local corridors.
Types of passenger train lines
All nationwide and
commuter passenger rail services in Croatia are operated by the country’s national railway company
Croatian Railways
Croatian Railways ( hr, Hrvatske željeznice; abbreviated as HŽ) is the national railway company of Croatia. Croatia is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Croatia is 78. The Croatian rail network carr ...
. According to schedules, there are several different ranks of passenger trains operating inside Croatia, as follows.
Inter-City trains – Croatian: ''Inter-City vlakovi'' – Inter-City trains represent the fairly limited amount of trains in Croatia. They operate on long routes and usually serve only the largest stations along the way.
Inter-City Titling trains – Croatian: ''Inter City Nagibni vlakovi'' (ICN) – ICN services are connecting Zagreb with Split using
tilting train
A tilting train is a train that has a mechanism enabling increased speed on regular rail tracks. As a train (or other vehicle) rounds a curve at speed, objects inside the train experience centrifugal force. This can cause packages to slide ab ...
s. Thanks to their tilting mechanism they can run faster than conventional trains and represent only daytime connections between Zagreb and Split, also serving decent amount of larger stations along their route. Contrary to regular overnight fast trains between Zagreb and Split with scheduled travelling time of circa 8 hours in total, tilting trains on the Zagreb–Split route (lines
M202 and
M604) offer passengers a faster journey with a riding time of about 6 hours.
Fast trains – Croatian: ''Brzi vlakovi'' - Fast trains operate on medium to long distances, serving only stations in larger settlements along the track. Their purpose is very similar to Inter City trains.
Semi-fast trains – Croatian: ''Ubrzani vlakovi'' - Semi-fast trains operate on medium to long distances and their purpose is to serve destinations which have justified number of passengers, therefore skipping certain smaller stations which have not.
Regional and local trains – Croatian: ''Putnički vlakovi'' (lit. "passenger trains") – Regional and local trains cover short, medium and long distances and generally serve all stations along their route, representing the largest part of passenger trains on the nationwide level. They are mainly used by local residents traveling between smaller settlements and larger centres/railway hubs or by those who want to continue their journey further using mostly well-adjusted transfers - in both cases for daily migrations (school, work, hospital, shopping, etc.) or other reasons. These trains usually have daily frequencies that meet the needs of the local population.
Suburban trains – Croatian: ''Prigradski vlakovi'' - Suburban trains operate exclusively on the
Zagreb Commuter Rail corridor and have the most frequent daily schedules above all types of train lines in Croatia. They are run by light motor sets that can be started and stopped quickly, and like the most of regional/local trains, they serve every station along their way. On the train lines operating within suburban areas of other larger towns, certain number of regional/local trains play the role of suburban trains.
Since large number of fast, semi fast, regional and local trains have commuter-oriented schedules, they often offer passengers daily migration to the large city areas from more distant towns and settlements (between 50 km / 32 mi and 100 km / 62 mi.) and vice versa. This can, for example, refer to the railway connection of the Central Croatia's wider region with Zagreb metropolitan area.
Infrastructure condition
In Croatia, railways are served by
standard-gauge
A standard-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge of . The standard gauge is also called Stephenson gauge (after George Stephenson), International gauge, UIC gauge, uniform gauge, normal gauge and European gauge in Europe, and SGR in Ea ...
(1,435 mm; 4 ft 8+
1⁄
2). Construction length of the railway network is 2617 km; 1626.12 mi. (2341 km; /1454.63 mi. of
single-track corridors and 276 km / 171.49 mi. of
double-track
A double-track railway usually involves running one track in each direction, compared to a single-track railway where trains in both directions share the same track.
Overview
In the earliest days of railways in the United Kingdom, most li ...
corridors). 1013 km (629.44 mi.) of railways are electrified, according to the annual rail network public report of Croatian Railways (2023 issue). The largest part of country's railway infrastructure dates back from the pre-
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
period and more than half of the core routes were, in fact, built during the
Habsburg monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...
i.e. before the
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
. More on that, there were also significant lack of investments and decrease of proper maintenance in Croatian railway infrastructure, roughly from the time of country's independence (1991) to late 2000's, which mainly resulted in slowing of permitted track speeds, increase of the riding times and decrease in the overall quality of passenger transport, especially on Inter City level. As a result, fair amount of routes lag significantly behind the West-European standards in the form of infrastructural condition.
However, some major infrastructure improvements started to occur in early 2010's and continued through 2020's, such as full-profile reconstruction of some of the country's most important corridors like
M102,
R201 (section between
Zaprešić
Zaprešić () is a town in Hrvatsko zagorje, Zagreb County in Croatia. It has a population of 19,644 inhabitants in the town proper, with 25,223 in the administrative area. The town's metropolitan area, which encompasses the seven neighbouring m ...
and
Zabok
Zabok is a town and situated in northwest Croatia in the Krapina-Zagorje County. According to the 2011 census, it has a total population of 8,994, with 2,714 in Zabok itself. Zabok is situated on the main crossroads in the heart of Hrvatsko Zag ...
; including electrification),
M101, M601 (
Vinkovci
Vinkovci () is a city in Slavonia, in the Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia. The city's registered population was 28,247 in the 2021 census, the total population of the city was 31,057, making it the largest town of the county. Surround ...
-
Vukovar
Vukovar () ( sr-Cyrl, Вуковар, hu, Vukovár, german: Wukowar) is a city in Croatia, in the eastern region of Slavonia. It contains Croatia's largest river port, located at the confluence of the Vuka and the Danube. Vukovar is the seat of ...
; including electrification),
M502,
M201,
M202 (section between Zagreb and Karlovac, including adding of the second track) and
M103 (section between Dugo Selo and Novska, including adding of the second track), respectively.
Those improvements, among other things, resulted in increasing of both maximum track speed and operation safety, shortening of the travel time and modernization of supporting infrastructure (stations, platforms and other equipment).
First newly-built railway in Croatia since 1967 (
L214) was opened in December 2019.
The official rail speed record in Croatia is . Maximum speed reached in regular service is on parts of the
Novska–Tovarnik line.
Rolling stock
Rolling stock of the Croatian Railways
This is a list of past and present rolling stock owned and operated by Croatian Railways, consisting of diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, diesel multiple units, electric multiple units and railroad cars. When the company began operation in ...
consists of
diesel locomotives,
electric locomotive
An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or on-board energy storage such as a battery or a supercapacitor. Locomotives with on-board fuelled prime movers, such as diesel engines or gas ...
s,
diesel multiple unit
A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines. A DMU requires no separate locomotive, as the engines are incorporated into one or more of the carriages. Diesel-powered single-unit railcars are also ...
s,
electric multiple unit
An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple-unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a numbe ...
s and significant number of
railroad cars.
In 2004
Croatian Railways
Croatian Railways ( hr, Hrvatske željeznice; abbreviated as HŽ) is the national railway company of Croatia. Croatia is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Croatia is 78. The Croatian rail network carr ...
introduced a series of modern
tilting train
A tilting train is a train that has a mechanism enabling increased speed on regular rail tracks. As a train (or other vehicle) rounds a curve at speed, objects inside the train experience centrifugal force. This can cause packages to slide ab ...
s (
HŽ series 7 123) produced by the German branch of
Bombardier Transportation. They usually operate on the mountainous route between the two largest Croatian cities,
Zagreb
Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...
and
Split
Split(s) or The Split may refer to:
Places
* Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia
* Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay
* Split Island, Falkland Islands
* Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua
Arts, entertai ...
, although they are sometimes used on other routes in the country as well.
In 2011, the modernization of the fairly outdated fleet of Croatian Railways officially began with the delivery of two
KONČAR Group
KONČAR – Elektroindustrija d.d. is a Croatian electrical, transport and energy company based in Trešnjevka neighborhood of Zagreb, Croatia.
Listed on the Zagreb Stock Exchange being constituent of CROBEX, the company consists of 16 subsidia ...
-maded prototypes of the electric train series
6112 for suburban and regional traffic. Between 2013 and 2025, Croatian Railways was supplied with a single diesel multiple unit set of
7022 series and 12
diesel multiple unit
A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines. A DMU requires no separate locomotive, as the engines are incorporated into one or more of the carriages. Diesel-powered single-unit railcars are also ...
sets of the 7 023 series manufactured jointly by
TŽV Gredelj
TŽV Gredelj (''Tvornica željezničkih vozila Gredelj d.o.o.'') is a state-owned Croatian rolling stock company founded in 1894 as the railway workshops of the Hungarian State Railways.
History
The company's history dates to 1894 and the establis ...
and KONČAR Group together with the 54 additional
electric multiple unit
An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple-unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a numbe ...
sets of the 6 112 series manufactured by KONČAR Group, which significantly modernized the company's rolling stock. 6 112, 7 022 and 7 023 units can be found operating on suburban, local, regional and inter-city routes.
Road transport
![A1 tolls Maslenica](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/A1_tolls_Maslenica.jpg)
From the time of
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
and building the
Louisiana road, the road transport in Croatia has significantly improved, topping most European countries. Croatian
highway
A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It is used for major roads, but also includes other public roads and public tracks. In some areas of the United States, it is used as an equivalent term to controlled-acces ...
s are widely regarded as being one of the most modern and safe in Europe.
This is because the largest part of the Croatian motorway and expressway system (''autoceste'' and ''brze ceste'', resp.) has been recently constructed (mainly in the 2000s), and further construction is continuing. The
motorways in Croatia
Highways in Croatia are the main transport network in Croatia.
The Croatian classification includes several classes of highways:
* The main motorways are named A (''autocesta'') accompanied by one or two digits. By and large they are contro ...
connect most major Croatian cities and all major seaports. The two longest routes, the
A1 and the
A3, span the better part of the country and the motorway network connects most major border crossings.
Tourism
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring (disambiguation), touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tour (disambiguation), tours. Th ...
is of major importance for the Croatian economy, and as most tourists come to vacation in Croatia in their own cars, the highways serve to alleviate summer jams. They have also been used as a means of stimulating urgently needed economic growth, and for the sustainable development of this country. Croatia now has a considerable highway density for a country of its size, helping it cope with the consequences of being a
transition economy
A transition economy or transitional economy is an economy which is changing from a centrally planned economy to a market economy.
Transition economies undergo a set of structural transformations intended to develop market-based institutions. ...
and having suffered in the
Croatian War of Independence.
Some of the most impressive parts of the road infrastructure in Croatia includes the
Sveti Rok
Sveti Rok is a village in the Lovinac municipality, in Lika–Senj County, Croatia. Sveti Rok has a population of 292. The majority of the population are Croats.
History
Until 1918, Sveti Rok (named ''Sanct Roch'' before 1850) was part of the A ...
and
Mala Kapela
Mala Kapela (, lit. ''Small Chapel'') is a mountain range in Croatia, part of the Dinaric Alps. It stretches in the direction northwest–southeast, and it extends from the mountain pass called "Kapela" or "Vrh Kapele" (alt. 887 m), that separates ...
tunnels on the A1 motorway, and the
Pelješac Bridge
The Pelješac Bridge ( hr, Pelješki most, ) is a cable-stayed bridge in Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Croatia. The bridge provides a fixed link from the southeastern Croatian semi-exclave to the rest of the country while bypassing Bosnia and Herzeg ...
in the southernmost part of the country.
, Croatia has a total of of roads.
[Croatia](_blank)
''The World Factbook
''The World Factbook'', also known as the ''CIA World Factbook'', is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world. The official print version is available ...
''. Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gathering, processing, ...
.
Traffic laws
The
traffic sign
Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give instructions or provide information to road users. The earliest signs were simple wooden or stone milestones. Later, signs with directional arms were introduce ...
s adhere to the
Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals
The Convention on Road Signs and Signals, commonly known as the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, is a multilateral treaty designed to increase road safety and aid international road traffic by standardising the signing system for roa ...
.
The general
speed limit
Speed limits on road traffic, as used in most countries, set the legal maximum speed at which vehicles may travel on a given stretch of road. Speed limits are generally indicated on a traffic sign reflecting the maximum permitted speed - expre ...
s are:
* in inhabited areas 50 km/h
* outside of inhabited areas 90 km/h
* on marked expressways 110 km/h
* on marked motorways 130 km/h
Some of the more technical safety measures include that all new Croatian
tunnel
A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through surrounding soil, earth or rock, and enclosed except for the entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube cons ...
s have modern safety equipment and there are several control cereers, which monitor highway traffic.
Motorways
Motorways ( hr, Autocesta, plural hr, autoceste) in Croatia applies to dual carriageway roads with at least two
traffic lanes in each driving direction and an
emergency lane. Direction
road sign
Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give instructions or provide information to road users. The earliest signs were simple wooden or stone milestones. Later, signs with directional arms were introduce ...
s at Croatian motorways have green background with white lettering similar to the German
Autobahn
The (; German plural ) is the federal controlled-access highway system in Germany. The official German term is (abbreviated ''BAB''), which translates as 'federal motorway'. The literal meaning of the word is 'Federal Auto(mobile) Track' ...
. The designations of motorways are "A" and the motorway number. , the Croatian motorway network is long, with additional of new motorways under construction.
The list of completed motorways is as follows (see individual articles for further construction plans and status):
*
A1,
Zagreb
Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...
-
Bosiljevo
Bosiljevo is a village and municipality in Karlovac County, Croatia. It is located in the Gorski Kotar region, 25 km south-west from Karlovac, on the highways A1 and A6 leading to Zagreb, Rijeka and Split.
Settlements
The total popula ...
-
Split
Split(s) or The Split may refer to:
Places
* Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia
* Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay
* Split Island, Falkland Islands
* Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua
Arts, entertai ...
-
Ploče
Ploče (; it, Porto Tolero) is a town and seaport in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia.
Geography
Ploče is located on the Adriatic coast in Dalmatia just north of the Neretva Delta and is the natural seaside endpoint of most north-south ...
(
E71,
E65)
*
A2,
Zagreb
Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...
-
Krapina
Krapina (; hu, Korpona) is a town in northern Croatia and the administrative centre of Krapina-Zagorje County with a population of 4,482 (2011) and a total municipality population of 12,480 (2011). Krapina is located in the hilly Zagorje regi ...
-
Macelj (
E59)
*
A3,
Bregana
Bregana (; german: Bergana)[Zagreb
Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...](_blank)
-
Lipovac (
E70)
*
A4,
Goričan
Goričan ( hu, Muracsány) is a municipality in Međimurje County, Croatia.
Goričan is the only village belonging to the municipality. Its population in the 2011 census was 2,823. Of the entire population, 2,763 people identified themselves as Cr ...
-
Varaždin
)
, image_photo =
, image_skyline =
, image_flag = Flag of Varaždin.svg
, flag_size =
, image_seal =
, seal_size =
, image_shield = Grb_Grad ...
/
Čakovec
Čakovec (; hu, Csáktornya; la, Aquama; german: Tschakathurn) is a city in northern Croatia, located around north of Zagreb, the Croatian capital. Čakovec is both the county seat and the largest city of Međimurje County, the northernmost, s ...
-
Zagreb
Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...
(
E71)
*
A5,
Osijek -
Đakovo
Đakovo (; hu, Diakovár) is a town in the region of Slavonia, Croatia. Đakovo is the centre of the fertile and rich Đakovo region ( hr, Đakovština ).
Etymology
The etymology of the name is the gr, διάκος (diákos) in Slavic form đ ...
-
Sredanci (
E73)
*
A6,
Bosiljevo
Bosiljevo is a village and municipality in Karlovac County, Croatia. It is located in the Gorski Kotar region, 25 km south-west from Karlovac, on the highways A1 and A6 leading to Zagreb, Rijeka and Split.
Settlements
The total popula ...
-
Rijeka (
E65)
*
A7,
Rupa
Rupa may refer to:
Places
* Rupa, Croatia, a town in northwest Croatia
* Rupa, Arunachal Pradesh, a town of Arunachal Pradesh
* Rupa gold mine, an artisanal mine in Uganda
* Rupa Lake, a freshwater lake in Nepal
Science
* ''Rupa'' (beetle), a b ...
-
Rijeka bypass (
E61)
*
A8,
Kanfanar interchange -
Matulji
Matulji ( it, Mattuglie) is a municipality in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Croatia. It is located west of the city of Rijeka, north of the town of Opatija, and it borders Slovenia.
Municipality
There are a total of 11,246 inhabitants in the m ...
(
E751)
*
A9,
Umag
Umag (; it, Umago) is a coastal town in Istria, Croatia.
Geography
It is the westernmost town of Croatia, and it includes Bašanija, the westernmost point of Croatia.
Population
Umag has a population of 7,281, with a total municipal populatio ...
-
Pula
Pula (; also known as Pola, it, Pola , hu, Pòla, Venetian language, Venetian; ''Pola''; Istriot language, Istriot: ''Puola'', Slovene language, Slovene: ''Pulj'') is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, and the List of cities and town ...
(
E751)
*
A10, A1 Ploče interchange - Metković border crossing
*
A11,
Velika Gorica
Velika Gorica (; meaning "Great Vineyard/Forest") is the largest and most populous city in Zagreb County, Croatia. According to the 2011 census the city itself has a population of 31,341, while the municipality has a population of 63,517 inhabita ...
-
Lekenik
Lekenik is a village and a municipality in central Croatia, located between Sisak and Velika Gorica in the lowland region of Turopolje.
Norman Jewison chose Lekenik to represent Anatevka for the 1971 film '' Fiddler on the Roof'', after visiti ...
Toll is charged on most
Croatian motorways, and exceptions are the A11 motorway,
Zagreb bypass and
Rijeka bypass, as well as sections adjacent to border crossings (except eastbound A3). Payment is in
kuna
Kuna may refer to:
Places
* Kuna, Idaho, a town in the United States
** Kuna Caves, a lava tube in Idaho
* Kuna Peak, a mountain in California
* , a village in the Orebić municipality, Croatia
* , a village in the Konavle municipality, Croatia ...
, all major credit cards and
euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
s are accepted at all toll gates. Most motorways are covered by the
closed toll collection system, where a driver receives a ticket at the entrance gates and pays at the exit gates according to the number of sections travelled.
Open toll collection is used on some bridges and tunnels and short stretches of tolled highway, where drivers immediately pay the toll upon arriving. Various forms of prepaid
electronic toll collection systems are in place which allow quicker collection of toll, usually at a discounted rate, as well as use of dedicated toll plaza lanes (for ''ENC system'' of the electronic toll collection).
All heavily traveled routes towards
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
,
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
and
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
are motorway connections, and almost all parts of Croatia are now easy to reach using motorways.
Numerous service areas and petrol stations had been constructed along all Croatian motorways. All Croatian motorways are equipped with enclosed service areas with gas stations and parking. Many areas have restaurants and children's playgrounds.
Expressways
The term ''brza cesta'' or ''expressway'' refers to
limited-access roads specifically designated as such by legislation and marked with appropriate
limited-access road traffic signs. The expressways may comprise two or more traffic lanes, while they normally do not have emergency lanes.
''Polu-autocesta'' or ''
semi-highway'' refers to a two-lane, undivided road running on one roadway of a motorway while the other is in construction. By legal definition, all semi-highways are expressways.
The expressway routes in Croatia usually correspond to a state road (see below) and are marked a "D" followed by a number. The "E" numbers are designations of
European route
The international E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The network is numbered from E1 up and its roads cross national borders. It also reaches Centr ...
s.
State roads
Major roads that aren't part of the motorway system are ''državne ceste'' (state routes). They are marked with the letter D and the road's number.
The most traveled state routes in Croatia are:
*
D1, connects
Zagreb
Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...
and Split via
Lika - passes through
Karlovac,
Slunj
Slunj ( Hungarian ''Szluin'', old German ''Sluin'', Latin ''Slovin'', archaic Croatian ''Slovin grad'') is a town in the mountainous part of Central Croatia, located along the important North-South route to the Adriatic Sea between Karlovac and ...
,
Plitvice,
Korenica
Korenica is a village in Lika, Croatia, located in the municipality of Plitvička Jezera, on the D1 road between Plitvice and Udbina. According to 2011 census it has 1,766 residents. It is the seat of the Plitvička Jezera Municipality.
In ...
,
Knin
Knin (, sr, link=no, Книн, it, link=no, Tenin) is a city in the Šibenik-Knin County of Croatia, located in the Dalmatian hinterland near the source of the river Krka, an important traffic junction on the rail and road routes between Zagr ...
,
Sinj
Sinj (; it, Signo; german: Zein) is a town in the continental part of Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. The town itself has a population of 11,478 and the population of the administrative municipality, which includes surrounding villages, is 24, ...
.
*
D2, connects
Varaždin
)
, image_photo =
, image_skyline =
, image_flag = Flag of Varaždin.svg
, flag_size =
, image_seal =
, seal_size =
, image_shield = Grb_Grad ...
and
Osijek via
Podravina
''Podravina'' (in Croatian) or ''Podravje'' (in Slovenian) are Slavic names for the Drava river basin in Croatia and Slovenia.
History
Between 1929 and 1941 a province of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia known as the ''Drava Banovina'' (Drava province) ...
- passes through
Koprivnica,
Virovitica
Virovitica () is a Croatian city near the Hungarian border. It is situated near the Drava river and belongs to the historic region of Slavonia. Virovitica has a population of 14,688, with 21,291 people in the municipality (census 2011). It is als ...
,
Slatina,
Našice.
*
D8, connects
Rijeka and
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterran ...
, widely known as ''
Jadranska magistrala
The Adriatic Highway ( hr, Jadranska magistrala) is a road that stretches along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and is part of the European route E65. The road passes through Croatia, with smaller stretches through Bosnia and Herzegovin ...
'' and part of
E65 - runs along the coastline and connects many cities on the coast, including
Crikvenica
Crikvenica () is a city in Croatia, located on the Adriatic in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County.
Names
The names of the town in various languages include:
* la, Ad Turres
* it, Cirquenizza
* hu, Cirkvenica, Cirkvenicza, Czirkvenicza, Czirkweni ...
,
Senj
Senj (; it, Segna, la, Senia, Hungarian and german: Zengg) is a town on the upper Adriatic coast in Croatia, in the foothills of the Mala Kapela and Velebit mountains.
The symbol of the town is the Nehaj Fortress ( hr, Tvrđava Nehaj) whic ...
,
Zadar
Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar serv ...
,
Šibenik
Šibenik () is a historic city in Croatia, located in central Dalmatia, where the river Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea. Šibenik is a political, educational, transport, industrial and tourist center of Šibenik-Knin County, and is also the ...
,
Trogir
Trogir (; historically known as Traù (from Dalmatian language, Dalmatian, Venetian language, Venetian and Italian language, Italian: ); la, Tragurium; Greek language, Ancient Greek: Τραγύριον, ''Tragyrion'' or Τραγούριον, '' ...
,
Split
Split(s) or The Split may refer to:
Places
* Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia
* Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay
* Split Island, Falkland Islands
* Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua
Arts, entertai ...
,
Omiš,
Makarska and
Ploče
Ploče (; it, Porto Tolero) is a town and seaport in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia.
Geography
Ploče is located on the Adriatic coast in Dalmatia just north of the Neretva Delta and is the natural seaside endpoint of most north-south ...
.
Since the construction of
A1 motorway beyond
Gorski kotar started, D1 and D8 are much less used.
These routes are monitored by Croatian roadside assistance because they connect important locations. Like all state routes outside major cities, they are only two-lane arterials and do not support heavy traffic. All state routes are routinely maintained by Croatian road authorities. The road sign for a state route has a blue background and the route's designation in white. State routes have one, two or three-digit numbers.
County roads and minor roads
Secondary routes are known as county roads. They are marked with signs with yellow background and road number. These roads' designations are rarely used, but usually marked on regional maps if these roads are shown. Formally, their designation is the letter Ž and the number. County roads have four-digit numbers.
The least known are the so-called local roads. Their designations are never marked on maps or by roadside signs and as such are virtually unknown to public. Their designations consist of the letter L and a five-digit number.
Bus traffic
Bus
A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a road vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van. It is most commonly used in public transport, but is also in use for cha ...
es represent the most-accepted, cheapest and widely used means of public transport. National bus traffic is very well developed - from express buses that cover longer distances to bus connections between the smallest villages in the country, therefore it's possible to reach most of the remotest parts of Croatia by bus on a daily basis. Every larger town usually has a bus station with the ticket office(s) and timetable information. Buses that run on national lines in Croatia (owned and run by private companies) are comfortable and modern-equipped vehicles, featuring air-conditioning and offering pleasant traveling comfort.
National bus travel is generally divided in inter-city (''Međugradski prijevoz''), inter
-county (''Međužupanijski prijevoz'') and county (local; ''Županijski prijevoz'') transport. Although there can be bus companies whose primary goal is to serve inter-city lines, a certain bus company can - and most of them usually do - operate all or most of the above mentioned modes of transport.
The primary goal of intercity buses is to connect the largest cities in the country with each other in the shortest possible time. Buses on inter-city level usually offer far more frequent daily services and shorter riding time than trains, mostly due to the large amount of competing companies and great quality of the country's freeway network. According to timetables of bus companies, there are several types of inter-city bus lines. Some lines run directly on the highway to connect certain cities by the shortest route. Other lines run on lower-ranked roads (all the way or part of the way) even when there is a highway alternative, to connect settlements along the way, while some lines run on the highway and sometimes (one time or more) temporarily exit it to serve some smaller settlement nearby, thus giving the opportunity to a certain smaller settlement to be connected by express service.
Buses on county lines usually run between larger cities or towns in a particular county, connecting towns and smaller villages along the way. These buses are mostly used by local residents - students or workers and occasional passengers, so the timetables and line frequencies of these bus routes are mostly adjusted according to the needs of passenger's daily migrations. Since there is no bus terminal in smaller villages, passengers which board buses from those stations buy a ticket from the driver while boarding the bus, unless they have a monthly student or worker pass, in which case they must validate it each time they board the vehicle. Buses running on inter-county lines usually have the same or very similar purpose, except they cross county borders to transport passengers to the more distanced larger town or area.
There are many international bus routes from Croatia to the neighboring countries (
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
,
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
,
Hungary) and to other European countries. International bus services correspond to European standards.
Zagreb
Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...
has the largest and busiest bus terminal in Croatia. It is located near the downtown in
Trnje
Trnje () is a district in the City of Zagreb, Croatia. According to the 2011 census, the district had 42,282 residents. It is located in the central part of the city, south of Donji grad across the railway ( Zagreb Main Station), east of Treš ...
district on the
Marin Držić Avenue
Marin Držić Avenue ( hr, Avenija Marina Držića) is an important north–south avenue in the central-eastern part of Zagreb, Croatia. It is named after Marin Držić, a famous Croatian poet from the 16th century.
It starts at the Petar Kreši ...
. The bus terminal is close to the main railway station and it is easy to reach by
tram
A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
lines and by car.
Maritime and river transport
Maritime transport
Coastal infrastructure
![Rijeka luka pano 180909](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Rijeka_luka_pano_180909.jpg)
Republic of Croatia counts six
port
A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ham ...
s open for public traffic of outstanding (international) economic importance and those are the ports:
Rijeka, Zadar, Šibenik,
Split
Split(s) or The Split may refer to:
Places
* Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia
* Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay
* Split Island, Falkland Islands
* Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua
Arts, entertai ...
,
Ploče
Ploče (; it, Porto Tolero) is a town and seaport in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County of Croatia.
Geography
Ploče is located on the Adriatic coast in Dalmatia just north of the Neretva Delta and is the natural seaside endpoint of most north-south ...
and
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterran ...
. There are also numerous smaller public ports located along the country's coast.
Rijeka is the country's largest cargo port, followed by Ploče which is of great economic importance for the neighboring
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
. The three most common destinations for foreign
cruise ship
Cruise ships are large passenger ships used mainly for vacationing. Unlike ocean liners, which are used for transport, cruise ships typically embark on round-trip voyages to various ports-of-call, where passengers may go on tours known as ...
s are the ports of Dubrovnik, Split and Zadar. Split is the country's largest passenger port, serving as the public port for domestic ferry, conventional ship and catamaran services as well as for international ferry, cruise or mega cruise services.
Zadar
Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar serv ...
has two public transport ports opened for passenger traffic – one located in the town center served by conventional ship and catamaran services and the other located in the suburb of
Gaženica
Gaženica is a suburb of Zadar, Croatia, located about 3 miles southeast from the city center, by the Adriatic Sea. It is connected by the D424 highway.
Port of Gaženica
Gaženica is location of the commercial port of the city of Zadar—Por ...
, serving ferry and cruise ship services. Republic of Croatia defined the need to relieve the Zadar's passenger port and the historic center of Zadar and move ferry traffic from the city center to the new passenger port in Gaženica. Work on the construction of the new port began in 2009, and a new ferry port of approximately 100,000 square meters was opened to traffic in 2015. The advantages of the Port of Gaženica are the short distance from the city center (3.5 kilometers), the proximity of the airport and quality traffic connection with the A1 Motorway. The Port of Gaženica meets multiple traffic requirements - it serves for domestic ferry traffic, international ferry traffic, passenger traffic on mega cruisers and cruisers and RO-RO traffic, with all the necessary infrastructure and accompanying upgrades. In 2019, the passenger port of Gaženica was named Port of the Year at the most prestigious Seatrade Cruise Awards held in
Hamburg
(male), (female) en, Hamburger(s),
Hamburgian(s)
, timezone1 = Central (CET)
, utc_offset1 = +1
, timezone1_DST = Central (CEST)
, utc_offset1_DST = +2
, postal ...
.
Connection of islands and the mainland
Performing of the public transport on national conventional ship, catamaran and ferry lines and all occasional public maritime lines in Croatia is supervised by the government-founded Agency for coastal line traffic (''Agencija za obalni linijski promet''). Croatia has about 50 inhabited islands along its coast (most of which are reached from either Zadar or Split ports), which means that there is a large number of local
car ferry,
conventional ship and
catamaran connections. The vast majority of Croatian islands have a road network and several ports for public transport - usually a single ferry port and one or more additional ports mostly located near the bay settlements, served exclusively by conventional ships and catamarans. According to sailing schedules or in case of extraordinary conditions, conventional and catamaran ships can also serve ferry ports. There are also very small number of car-free islands that are accessible only by conventional ship or catamaran services, such as
Silba
Silba (; it, Selve) is an island in Croatia with an area of 15 km2,
northern Dalmatia, south-east of Lošinj, between the islands of Premuda and Olib. It has a Mediterranean climate with 2570 hours a year of sunshine. Most summer days ...
in northern
Dalmatia
Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see #Name, names in other languages) is one of the four historical region, historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of ...
.
Regarding national ferry lines, in the lead terms of the number of transported passengers and vehicles are the one between Split and
Supetar on the island of
Brač
Brač is an island in the Adriatic Sea within Croatia, with an area of ,
making it the largest island in Dalmatia, and the third largest in the Adriatic. It is separated from the mainland by the Brač Channel, which is wide. The island's tall ...
(central Dalmatia) and one between
Valbiska (island of
Krk
Krk (; it, Veglia; ruo, Krk; dlm, label= Vegliot Dalmatian, Vikla; la, Curicta; grc-gre, Κύρικον, Kyrikon) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, located near Rijeka in the Bay of Kvarner and part of Primorje-Gorski Kot ...
) and
Merag
Merag is a village in Croatia, located on the east coast of Cres
Cres (; dlm, Crepsa, vec, Cherso, it, Cherso, la, Crepsa, Greek: Χέρσος, ''Chersos'') is an Adriatic island in Croatia. It is one of the northern islands in the Kv ...
(island of
Cres
Cres (; dlm, Crepsa, vec, Cherso, it, Cherso, la, Crepsa, Greek: Χέρσος, ''Chersos'') is an Adriatic island in Croatia. It is one of the northern islands in the Kvarner Gulf and can be reached via ferry from Rijeka, the island Kr ...
) in northern
Kvarner Gulf
The Kvarner Gulf (, or , la, Sinus Flanaticus or ), sometimes also Kvarner Bay, is a bay in the northern Adriatic Sea, located between the Istrian peninsula and the northern Croatian Littoral mainland. The bay is a part of Croatia's internal wa ...
. Ferry line between
Zadar
Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar serv ...
and
Preko
Preko ( lit. "Across") is a village and a municipality in Zadar County, Croatia. It is situated, as the name suggests, opposite of Zadar, on the island of Ugljan. Its old centre consists of typical Dalmatian architecture with numerous patrician ...
on the island of
Ugljan
Ugljan () is a Croatian island and the first in the Zadar Archipelago. It is located northwest of the island of Pašman and southeast of the islands of Rivanj and Sestrunj. Separated from the mainland by the Zadar Channel, it is connected with ...
(northern Dalmatia) is the most frequent one in Croatia and the rest of the Adriatic - in the summer sailing schedule on this 3 nautical mile long line (5.5 km / 3.45 mi) there is around 20 departures per day in each direction. The longest ferry line in Croatia is Zadar -
Ist
Ist or IST may refer to:
Information Science and Technology
* Bachelor's or Master's degree in Information Science and Technology
* Graduate School / Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Japan
* Graduate School ...
-
Olib
Olib (; ) is a Croatian island in northern Dalmatia, located northwest of Zadar, southwest of Pag, southeast of Lošinj and just east of Silba with an area of 26.14 km2.
History
Greek geographer Strabo mentions a settlement named Aloip, ...
- Silba (passenger service only) -
Premuda
Premuda () is a small island in Croatia, off the northern Adriatic coast. It belongs to the north Dalmatian islands which are situated north-west from the county center Zadar. Premuda is approximately long, up to wide, and has an area of .
It ...
-
Mali Lošinj
Mali Lošinj ( it, Lussinpiccolo, vec, Lusinpicolo) is a town in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, on the island of Lošinj, in western Croatia. At the time of the 2011 census, there were 8,116 inhabitants, of whom 86% were Croats.
The favourab ...
(63.4 nautical miles; 117.4 km / 72.9 mi.), while the shortest one is between
Biograd na Moru
Biograd na Moru (), shortened to simply Biograd (), is a town in northern Dalmatia, Croatia and is significant for being another capital of the medieval Kingdom of Croatia. Biograd is administratively part of the Zadar County. It is located on th ...
and
Tkon
Tkon is a municipality in Croatia in the Zadar County. According to the 2011 census, there are 763 inhabitants, 98% which are Croats.
It is located on the island of Pašman and is connected by ferry to the mainland town of Biograd na Moru.
Hist ...
on the island of
Pašman
Pašman () is an Adriatic island off the coast of northern Dalmatia in Croatia with an area of 60.11 km2,
located to the south of Zadar, surrounded by the islands of Ugljan to the northwest, Iž to the west, and Dugi Otok and Žut to the ...
(1.4 nautical miles; 2,6 km / 1.6 mi.), both operating in northern Dalmatia. Almost all ferry lines in Croatia are provided by the state-owned shipping company
Jadrolinija
Jadrolinija is a Croatian sea shipping company. It is a state-owned company and its main mission is connecting Croatian islands to the mainland by operating regular passenger and cargo transport services. The company mainly operates car ferries on ...
(included in the list of the world's top 10 passenger shipping companies), except the ferry service between Stinica and
Mišnjak on the island of
Rab
Rab âːb( dlm, Arba, la, Arba, it, Arbe, german: Arbey) is an island in the northern Dalmatia region in Croatia, located just off the northern Croatian coast in the Adriatic Sea.
The island is long, has an area of and 9,328 inhabitants (2 ...
(Kvarner Gulf area) which is operated by the company “Rapska Plovidba d.d”. Catamaran and passenger ship services are operated by Jadrolinija and several other companies such as "Krilo - Kapetan Luka" , "G&V Line Iadera" , "Tankerska Plovidba d.d." , "Miatours d.o.o." etc. Jadrolinija alone provides a total of 34 national lines with almost 600 departures per day during the summer tourist season, when the number of ferry, conventional ship and catamaran lines on the most capacity-demanding routes is significantly higher compared to the off-season period.
International routes
With its largest vessels, Jadrolinija connects Croatia with
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
by operating international cross-Adriatic routes Split -
Ancona
Ancona (, also , ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region in central Italy, with a population of around 101,997 . Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona and of the region. The city is located northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic ...
- Split, Zadar - Ancona - Zadar and Dubrovnik -
Bari - Dubrovnik. Ferry line between Split and Ancona is also operated by Italian operator
SNAV
SNAV (Società Navigazione Alta Velocità) is an Italian company that operates ferry services from Italy to Sardinia, Croatia and Sicily.
Routes
SNAV operates a large network of routes across the Mediterranean and Adriatic.
*Naples - Palerm ...
.
Vessels
Most ferries sailing on Croatian national lines are, among other things, equipped with modern navigation/safety equipment and luxurious enclosed air-conditioned longues for passengers. From 2004 to 2018, a total of 13 new ferries were built in Croatian shipyards, all of which sail on national local lines - 12 are owned by Jadrolinija, and one is owned by Rapska Plovidba. In addition to these ferries, Jadrolinija has a large number of ferries purchased on foreign markets (used and reconstructed/refurbished) or built in Croatian shipyards during the time of Yugoslavia. All ferries are equipped with hydraulic ramps for loading/unloading of vehicles. Older ferries are usually smaller in size,have capacities that vary from 200 to 700 passengers and from 30 to 70 cars per vessel. They sail on lines connecting less populated islands or on lines connecting ports located in shallower bays in parts of the islands that are located very close to the mainland. Ferries built in more recent times (after 2000, either in Croatia or abroad) have a significantly higher capacity which range from 600 to 1200 passengers and from 100 to 200 cars per vessel, mostly sailing on the country's most frequent and/or busiest local lines, such as Valbiska - Merag (Kvarner Gulf area), Zadar - Preko, Zadar -
Brbinj Brbinj is a small village on the northeast coast of the Croatian island of Dugi Otok, between the villages of Dragove and Savar. Its population is 76 (as of the 2011 census). It embraces two distinct bays, a four-fingered Jaz bay in the south and t ...
(
Zadar Archipelago
The Zadar Archipelago ( hr, Zadarski arhipelag, it, Archipelago zaratino) is a group of islands in the Adriatic Sea, near the Croatian city of Zadar.
Main islands
* Dugi Otok
* Galešnjak
* Iž
* Lavdara
* Ošljak
* Pašman
* Rava
* Riva ...
area), Split - Supetar, Split -
Stari Grad, Split -
Vela Luka
Vela Luka (, it, Vallegrande) is a small town and a municipality in Dubrovnik-Neretva County in southern Dalmatia, Croatia. The town is located on the western side of the island of Korčula at the bottom of a wide bay which has many indented cove ...
-
Ubli (Split Archipelago) etc. The three largest Croatian ships sailing on international routes were built abroad and later bought by Jadrolinija as used vessels: ''Marko Polo'' (built in 1972 and bought in 1988), ''Dubrovnik'' (built in 1979 and bought in 1996) and ''Zadar'' (built in 1993 and bougt in 2004). Each of these three ships has a capacity of about 1000 passengers and about 300 vehicles and offer a variety of additional facilities such as self-service restaurants, sleeping cabins, cafes, children's playrooms, etc.
![Catamaran_Olea_at_Mali_Iž_port](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Catamaran_Olea_at_Mali_I%C5%BE_port.jpg)
Catamarans and passenger ships sailing on Croatian national lines are relatively small vessels mostly built in foreign shipyards. Capacity varies from vessel to vessel, and generally ranges from 200 to 400 passengers per ship. They are equipped with air-conditioned passenger lounges on one or two levels, cafe service, luggage space, etc. Croatian shipping companies have a wide range of catamarans - from those built in the late 1980’s to the most modern built in 2010’s with the latest technical advances in the navigation system. Passenger ships were mostly built in the late 1980s or early 1990s (except for a very small number of still active Jadrolinija passenger ships built in Croatian shipyards during Yugoslavia, ie in the late 1950s and early 1960s). All passenger ships also have a covered deck with seats, like the ferry vessels.
River transport
Croatia is also on the important
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , p ...
waterway which connects Eastern and Central Europe. The major Danube port is
Vukovar
Vukovar () ( sr-Cyrl, Вуковар, hu, Vukovár, german: Wukowar) is a city in Croatia, in the eastern region of Slavonia. It contains Croatia's largest river port, located at the confluence of the Vuka and the Danube. Vukovar is the seat of ...
, but there are also some smaller ports in
Osijek,
Sisak and
Slavonski Brod
Slavonski Brod (), commonly shortened to simply Brod, is a city in eastern Croatia, near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. Being one of the principal cities in the historical regions of Slavonia and Posavina, Slavonski Brod was the 7th large ...
.
Navigable rivers:
*
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , p ...
(E 80) - 137,5 km from entering Croatia near Batina to exits near Ilok;
VIc class
*
Sava
The Sava (; , ; sr-cyr, Сава, hu, Száva) is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube. It flows through Slovenia, Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finally t ...
(E 80-12) - 383.2 km from
Sisak until it exits Croatia near Gunja;
II-IV class
*
Drava(E 80-08) - 14 km from the mouth of the Danube to Osijek;
IV class
Total
waterway
A waterway is any navigable body of water. Broad distinctions are useful to avoid ambiguity, and disambiguation will be of varying importance depending on the nuance of the equivalent word in other languages. A first distinction is necessary b ...
length (2021): 534.7 km
Pipelines
The projected capacity of the oil pipeline is 34 million tons of oil per year, and the installed 20 million tons of oil per year. The system was built for the needs of refineries in Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as users in Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The total capacity of the storage space today is 2,100,000 m3 for crude oil and 242,000 m3 for petroleum products. The pipeline is long and it is fully controlled by
JANAF. The system consists of: reception and dispatch Terminal Omišalj on the island of
Krk
Krk (; it, Veglia; ruo, Krk; dlm, label= Vegliot Dalmatian, Vikla; la, Curicta; grc-gre, Κύρικον, Kyrikon) is a Croatian island in the northern Adriatic Sea, located near Rijeka in the Bay of Kvarner and part of Primorje-Gorski Kot ...
, with two berths for tankers and storage space for oil and derivatives, receiving and dispatching terminals in
Sisak,
Virje
Virje is a municipality in the Koprivnica–Križevci County in Croatia. According to the 2001 census, there are 5,197 inhabitants in the area, with Croats forming an absolute majority. St. Martin of Tours is the patron saint of this municipalit ...
and
Slavonski Brod
Slavonski Brod (), commonly shortened to simply Brod, is a city in eastern Croatia, near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. Being one of the principal cities in the historical regions of Slavonia and Posavina, Slavonski Brod was the 7th large ...
with oil storage space at the Sisak and Virje terminals,
Žitnjak Terminal in Zagreb, for storage of petroleum products with railway and truck transfer stations for delivery, reception and dispatch of derivatives.
Natural gas is transported by
Plinacro, which operates of the transmission system in 19 counties, with more than 450 overhead transmission system facilities, including a compressor station and 156 metering and reduction stations through which gas is delivered to system users. The system houses the Okoli underground storage facility with a working volume of 553 million cubic meters of natural gas.
Public transport
Public transport within the most of the largest cities (and their suburbs/
satellite towns) in Croatia is mostly provided by the city buses owned and operated by municipal organizations such as
Zagrebački električni tramvaj
The Zagrebački električni tramvaj (ZET) ( en, Zagreb Electric Tram) is the transit authority responsible for public transport in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, and parts of the surrounding Zagreb County. It is one of the municipal companies co ...
in Zagreb,
Promet Split in Split, "Autotrolej" d.o.o." in Rijeka, "Liburnija Zadar" in Zadar, "Gradski Prijevoz Putnika d.o.o." in Osijek, etc.
In addition to city buses, the cities of Zagreb and Osijek have
tram
A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
networks. Tram lines in Zagreb are operated by
Zagrebački električni tramvaj
The Zagrebački električni tramvaj (ZET) ( en, Zagreb Electric Tram) is the transit authority responsible for public transport in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, and parts of the surrounding Zagreb County. It is one of the municipal companies co ...
, while the tram lines in Osijek are operated by "Gradski Prijevoz Putnika d.o.o.". Tram network in the capital city of Zagreb is, however, far more extensive than the one in Osijek.
See also
*
Croatian car number plates
*
Transport in Zagreb
Transport in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, relies on a combination of city-managed mass transit and individual transportation. Mass transit is composed of 19 inner-city tram lines and 120 bus routes, both managed entirely by Zagrebački elektr ...
*
Hrvatske autoceste
Hrvatske autoceste (HAC) or Croatian Motorways Ltd is a Croatian state-owned limited liability company tasked with management, construction and maintenance of motorways in Croatia pursuant to provisions of the Croatian Public Roads Act ( hr, Zakon ...
*
Croatian Railways
Croatian Railways ( hr, Hrvatske željeznice; abbreviated as HŽ) is the national railway company of Croatia. Croatia is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Croatia is 78. The Croatian rail network carr ...
*
List of E-roads in Croatia
References
{{Transportation in Europe