Transplant glomerulopathy (TG) is a disease of the
glomeruli
''Glomerulus'' () is a common term used in anatomy to describe globular structures of entwined vessels, fibers, or neurons. ''Glomerulus'' is the diminutive of the Latin ''glomus'', meaning "ball of yarn".
''Glomerulus'' may refer to:
* the filter ...
in
transplanted
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kidney
The kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates. They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about in length. They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blo ...
s. It is a type of renal injury often associated with chronic antibody-mediated rejection. However, transplant glomerulopathy is not specific for chronic antibody-mediated rejection; it may be the result of a number of disease processes affecting the glomerular endothelium.
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Pathology
It is characterized by
glomerular basement membrane thickening (referred to as ''tram-tracking of the basement membrane''), increased
mesangial matrix and segmental and global
glomerulosclerosis
Glomerulosclerosis is the hardening of the glomeruli in the kidney. It is a general term to describe scarring of the kidneys' tiny blood vessels, the glomeruli, the functional units in the kidney that filter urea from the blood.
Proteinuria (larg ...
.
The
differential diagnosis of tram-tracking includes
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a type of glomerulonephritis caused by deposits in the kidney glomerular mesangium and basement membrane ( GBM) thickening, activating complement and damaging the glomeruli.
MPGN accounts for appr ...
(especially
hepatitis C), and
thrombotic microangiopathies
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a pathology that results in thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles, due to an endothelial injury.
It may be seen in association with thrombocytopenia, anemia, purpura and kidney failure.
The classic TMAs are ...
.
[
Image:Transplant_glomerulopathy_-_intermed_mag.jpg , Intermed. mag.
Image:Transplant_glomerulopathy_-_high_mag.jpg , High mag.
]
See also
* Kidney transplant
Kidney transplant or renal transplant is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). Kidney transplant is typically classified as deceased-donor (formerly known as cadaveric) or living-donor transplantati ...
* Chronic rejection
Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue. Transplant rejection can be lessened by determining the molecular similitude between donor and recipient a ...
References
{{Reflist
Kidney diseases