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''Trachycarpus takil'', the Kumaon palm, is a
fan palm Fan palm as a descriptive term can refer to any of several different kinds of palms (Arecaceae) in various genera with leaves that are palmately lobed (rather than pinnately compound). Most are members of the subfamily Coryphoideae, though a few ...
tree that is
endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...
to the foothills of the
Himalaya The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 100 ...
in southern
Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...
.PACSOA: ''Trachycarpus takil''
/ref> It is very similar to Trachycarpus fortunei, the Windmill palm.


Distribution

The palm tree is native to the
Kumaon division Kumaon (; Kumaoni: ''Kumāū''; ; historically romanized as KemāonJames Prinsep (Editor)John McClelland ) is a revenue and administrative division in the Indian State of Uttarakhand. It spans over the eastern half of the state and is bounde ...
of
Uttarakhand Uttarakhand ( , or ; , ), also known as Uttaranchal ( ; the official name until 2007), is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the "Devbhumi" (literally 'Land of the Gods') due to its religious significance and ...
Province in northwestern
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
, and into adjacent western
Nepal Nepal (; ne, :ne:नेपाल, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in S ...
. The palm grows at altitudes of and it receives snow and frost on a regular basis in its native habitat.


Description

''Trachycarpus takil'' grows to tall, with a rough trunk covered in partial fiber from the old leaf bases as it sheds its fronds naturally leaving only a small part of the leaf bases on the trunk which also disappear in time. It is one of the cold hardiest palms to produce a tall trunk, tolerating temperatures from and possibly more (no official studies have been made). However, leaf damage or total defoliation due to extreme temperatures is a possibility. It is easily distinguishable from '' Trachycarpus fortunei'' from its infancy by: *the young plants having the tendency to growing obliquely *the young trunk being distinctly conical *the adult trunk covered with very tightly clasping (not ruffled) chestnut brown fibers *the short, triangular, erect ligulas on the leaf sheaths of the terminal shoot *the leaves more spreading and those of the previous year being placed just below the last flowering spadices, reflexed, although still alive, by the leaf blade being irregularly divided only down to about the middle *the fruit being more distinctly uniform or considerably broader than high *the first leaves of sprouting ''T. takil'' seeds are duplicate (having only two ridges differing from ''T. fortunei'' with its quadruplicate first leaves.)


Taxonomy

''Trachycarpus takil'' was first discovered by a Major Madden, a British Army colonel with a passion for botany stationed in the Himalayas during the 1840s. Unfortunately, while Madden produced precise descriptions of both the plant and location, he made the mistake of assuming it to be ''Trachycarpus martianus'', failing to realize it was a separate species, thus losing the chance to claim its discovery. First officially described by the Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari in 1905 ("Le Palme del Genere Trachycarpus", in Webbia I). The leaves naturally shed themselves unlike '' Trachycarpus fortunei'', leaving a semi bare trunk covered in fiber from the old leaf bases. Petioles about as long as the blade. Blade orbicular, in diameter, irregularly divided down to about the middle into 45–50 segments, in length from the top of the petiole (hastula) to the apex of the median segments, the latter stiff and erect, not with drooping tips.


Cultivation

''Trachycarpus takil'' is cultivated as an ornamental tree, including use as a cold hardy outdoor palm in colder climates than most palms could survive in. The greatest reported cold tolerance is by four specimens in Plovdiv, Bulgaria during a severe cold spell on January 6, 1993, and placing it in USDA Zone 5; and after researching this reference all characteristics point to this palm being of the species ''Trachycarpus takil'' and therefore moved from ''Trachycarpus fortunei'' to here. Some plants in cultivation in the United States under the name ''Trachycarpus takil'' may be misnamed specimens of the dwarf form of ''Trachycarpus fortunei'', also known as '' Trachycarpus wagnerianus''.


See also

*
Hardy palms Hardy palms are any of the species of palm (Arecaceae) that are able to withstand ''brief'' periods of colder temperatures and even occasional snowfall. A few palms are native to higher elevations of south Asia where true winter conditions occu ...


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1096902 takil Flora of West Himalaya Trees of Nepal Uttarakhand Garden plants of Asia Ornamental trees Taxa named by Odoardo Beccari