Trachiniformes is an
order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
* Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...
of
percomorph bony fish
Osteichthyes (), popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse superclass of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. They can be contrasted with the Chondrichthyes, which have skeletons primarily composed of cartilag ...
which is traditionally the
suborder
Order ( la, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and ...
Trachinoidei
Trachiniformes is an order of percomorph bony fish which is traditionally the suborder Trachinoidei of the Perciformes.
However, the classification is also considered as a polyphyly by molecular phylogenies. Trachinidae itself is eventually ...
of the
Perciformes
Perciformes (), also called the Percomorpha or Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish. If considered a single order, they are the most numerous order of vertebrates, containing about 41% of all bony fish. Perciformes means ...
.
However, the classification is also considered as a
polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...
by molecular phylogenies.
Trachinidae itself is eventually part of
Percoidei
Percoidei is one of 3 suborders of bony fishes in the order Perciformes. Many commercially harvested fish species are considered to be contained in this suborder, including the snappers, groupers, basses, goatfishes and perches.
Divisions
The ...
. Other members are respectively belongs to
Scombriformes
Scombriformes is an Order (biology), order of bony fish containing nine Family (Biology), families which were classified under the suborders Scombroidei and Stromateoidei, of the wider grouping known as Perciformes, ''Fishes of the World'', 5th e ...
,
Gobiiformes
The Gobiiformes are an order of fish that includes the gobies and their relatives. The order, which was previously considered a suborder of Perciformes, is made up of about 2,211 species that are divided between seven families. Phylogenetic rel ...
, new orders
Uranoscopiformes,
Pempheriformes, and other clades in Perciformes.
Timeline of genera
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from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene
The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), E ...
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene' ...
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text: Plio.
from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist.
The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed in ...
from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H.
bar:eratop
from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene
The Paleogene ( ; British English, also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period, geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million yea ...
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.
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align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left
color:eocene bar:NAM1 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Ammodytes
''Ammodytes'' is a genus of sand lances native to the northern oceans.
Species
There are currently 8 recognized species in this genus:
* ''Ammodytes americanus'' DeKay, 1842 (American sand lance)
* ''Ammodytes dubius'' J. C. H. Reinhardt, 1837 ...
color:eocene bar:NAM2 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Trachinus
''Trachinus'' is a genus of weevers, order Perciformes that consists of seven extant species. Six of the genus representatives inhabit the waters of Eastern Atlantic Ocean, but only one, '' Trachinus cornutus'', inhabits the South-Eastern Pacifi ...
color:eocene bar:NAM3 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Uranoscopus
''Uranoscopus'' is a genus of stargazer fish from the family Uranoscopidae. The name ''Uranoscopus'' is from the Greek, ''ouranos'', "sky" and ''skopein'', "to watch".
Species
There are 25 species in the genus:
* '' Uranoscopus affinis'' Cuvier ...
color:eocene bar:NAM4 from: -37.2 till: 0 text: Bembrops
''Bembrops'' is a genus of fish, it is the type genus of the subfamily Bembropinae of the family Percophidae.
Species
The following species are classified as members of the genus ''Bembrops'':
* '' Bembrops anatirostris'' Ginsburg, 1955
* ''B ...
color:oligocene bar:NAM5 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Hemerocoetes
''Hemerocoetes'' is a genus of duckbill fishes.
References
Percophidae
Extant Rupelian first appearances
Marine fish genera
Taxa named by Achille Valenciennes
Rupelian genus first appearances
{{Perciformes-stub ...
color:oligocene bar:NAM6 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Parapercis
''Parapercis'' is a genus of sandperches belonging to the fish family Pinguipedidae.
Species
There are currently 79 recognized species in this genus:
* '' Parapercis albipinna'' J. E. Randall, 2008
* '' Parapercis albiventer'' H.-C. Ho, ...
color:oligocene bar:NAM7 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Pseudoscopelus
color:oligocene bar:NAM8 from: -28.4 till: 0 text: Leptoscopus
''Leptoscopus macropygus'', the estuary stargazer, is a species of southern sandfish endemic to the Pacific waters around New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of ...
color:miocene bar:NAM9 from: -15.97 till: 0 text: Hyperoplus
''Hyperoplus'' is a genus of sand lances native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean.
Species
The currently recognized species in this genus are:
* '' Hyperoplus immaculatus'' (Corbin
Corbin may refer to:
People
* Corbin (given name)
* Corbi ...
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from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene
The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), E ...
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene' ...
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text: Plio.
from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist.
The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed in ...
from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H.
bar:era
from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene
The Paleogene ( ; British English, also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period, geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million yea ...
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.
Families
The following
families
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideall ...
make up the Trachiniformes:
(with respectively belonging taxa following the molecular phylogenies)
*
Ammodytidae Bonaparte, 1832 - sandeels or sandlances (considered as part of
Uranoscopiformes).
*
Chiasmodontidae
The Chiasmodontidae, snaketooth fishes or swallowers, are a family of deep-sea percomorph fishes, part of the order Trachiniformes, known from oceans worldwide.
Timeline
ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px
PlotArea = l ...
Jordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
& Gilbert Gilbert may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Gilbert (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters
*Gilbert (surname), including a list of people
Places Australia
* Gilbert River (Queensland)
* Gilbert River (South ...
, 1883 - the swallowers (considered as part of
Scombriformes
Scombriformes is an Order (biology), order of bony fish containing nine Family (Biology), families which were classified under the suborders Scombroidei and Stromateoidei, of the wider grouping known as Perciformes, ''Fishes of the World'', 5th e ...
).
*
Champsodontidae
''Champsodon'' is the sole genus in the family Champsodontidae. These fishes, the crocodile toothfishes, are native to the Indo-Pacific region.
Species
The currently recognized species in this genus are:
* '' Champsodon atridorsalis'' Ochiai & ...
Jordan & Snyder, 1902 - gulpers, gapers or crocodile toothfishes (considered as part of
Pempheriformes).
*
Cheimarrichthyidae
The torrentfish (''Cheimarrichthys fosteri''), or panoko (Māori), is an amphidromous freshwater fish that is endemic to New Zealand. Torrentfish are well adapted to life in shallow, fast-flowing riffles and rapids. They grow to a maximum of i ...
Regan
The family name Regan, along with its cognates O'Regan, O Regan, Reagan, and O'Reagan, is an Anglicized form of the Irish surname Ó Riagáin or Ó Ríogáin, from Ua Riagáin. The meaning is likely to have originated in ancient Gaelic ''ri'' ...
, 1913 - New Zealand torrentfishes (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
*
Creediidae
The sandburrowers or simply burrowers are a family, Creediidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes.
They are native to coastal waters the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They are very small fishes; with the exception of the larger Donaldson's sandbur ...
Waite, 1899 - sandburrowers (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
*
Leptoscopidae Gill
A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are ...
, 1859 - southern sandfishes (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
*
Percophidae
The Percophidae, duckbills, are a family of percomorph fishes, from the order Trachiniformes, found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the southwestern and southeastern Pacific.
They are small fishes: the ...
Swainson, 1839 - duckbills (as a
polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...
, respectively part of Pempheriformes and
Perciformes
Perciformes (), also called the Percomorpha or Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish. If considered a single order, they are the most numerous order of vertebrates, containing about 41% of all bony fish. Perciformes means ...
(
Notothenioidei
Notothenioidei is one of 19 suborders of the order Perciformes. The group is found mainly in Antarctic and Subantarctic waters, with some species ranging north to southern Australia and southern South America. Notothenioids constitute approxima ...
and
Bembropoidei)).
*
Pinguipedidae
The sandperches are a family, Pinguipedidae, of fishes in the percomorph order Trachiniformes. Sandperches are benthic fish which normally occur over sand or rubble substrates in shallow seas. They are found off the coasts of South America, ...
Günther, 1860 - sandperches (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
*
Trachinidae Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 181 - weeverfishes (considered as part of
Percoidei
Percoidei is one of 3 suborders of bony fishes in the order Perciformes. Many commercially harvested fish species are considered to be contained in this suborder, including the snappers, groupers, basses, goatfishes and perches.
Divisions
The ...
, belong to Perciformes).
*
Trichodontidae
The Trichodontidae, or sandfishes, are a small family of ray-finned fishes from the order Scorpaeniformes. The species in this family are found in the North Pacific Ocean.
Taxonomy
Trichodontidae was first proposed as a family in 1869 by the D ...
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Cottoidei
Cottoidei is a suborder of ray-finned fishes which, according to the 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'', is placed within the order Scorpaeniformes, alongside the scorpionfishes, flatheads, eelpouts,sticklebacks and related fishes.
Taxonom ...
, belong to Scorpaeniformes).
* Trichonotidae
''Trichonotus'' is a genus of marine gobiiform fishes. Species of ''Trichonotus'' are distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific. This genus is the only member of the family Trichonotidae.
Description
''Trichonotus'' species have jutting lowe ...
Günther, 1861 - sanddivers (considered to formed the monotypic Trichonotoidei, belong to Gobiiformes
The Gobiiformes are an order of fish that includes the gobies and their relatives. The order, which was previously considered a suborder of Perciformes, is made up of about 2,211 species that are divided between seven families. Phylogenetic rel ...
).
* Uranoscopidae Bonaparte, 1831 - stargazers (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
References
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1049466
Polyphyletic groups