''Trabajadores'' ( workers) is a
Cuban
Cuban may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Cuba, a country in the Caribbean
* Cubans, people from Cuba, or of Cuban descent
** Cuban exile, a person who left Cuba for political reasons, or a descendant thereof
* Cuban citizen, a perso ...
trade union newspaper.
Founded in 1970 by Osvaldo de Melo and Sara del Carmen Zaldívar, ''Trabajadores'' operates under the auspices of the
Central de Trabajadores de Cuba
The Workers Central Union of Cuba ( es, Central de Trabajadores de Cuba, CTC) is the trade union federation in Cuba. It originated as the ''Confederación de Trabajadores de Cuba'' (Confederation of Cuban Workers) in 1939 and changed its name to t ...
(CTC).
''Trabajadores'' is published in
Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Cana ...
, with an on-line English edition. It presents itself as newsletter for
trade union
A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits ( ...
members and
blue collar
A blue-collar worker is a working class person who performs manual labor. Blue-collar work may involve skilled or unskilled labor. The type of work may involving manufacturing, warehousing, mining, excavation, electricity generation and powe ...
workers.
History
In early June 1970, de Melo and Zaldivar started ''Los Trabajadores'', a
tabloid
Tabloid may refer to:
* Tabloid journalism, a type of journalism
* Tabloid (newspaper format), a newspaper with compact page size
** Chinese tabloid
* Tabloid (paper size), a North American paper size
* Sopwith Tabloid, a biplane aircraft
* ''Ta ...
, at the request of the general secretary of CTC, Hector Ramos Latour. The CTC needed to replace its previous publications, ''Vanguardia Obrera'' and the ''Revista CTC.'' ''Los Trabajadores'' produced editions in June, July and November 1970.
In the beginning, ''Los Trabajadores'' did not have a building for writing, printing,. workshops and editing staff. Members of the
Unión de Periodistas de Cuba (Cuban Journalist Union), including national organizer, Lázara Rodríguez Alemán, assisted with the first editions. The print shop was located in Virtues and Manrique in Central
Havana
Havana (; Spanish: ''La Habana'' ) is the capital and largest city of Cuba. The heart of the La Habana Province, Havana is the country's main port and commercial center. .
The original ''Los Trabajadores'' staff included de Melo, head of the Press Section of the CTC, Zaldívar, chief of information; Mario Castillo and Lucas Tarragó, journalists, and Rolando Montalván, Ángel Lazo and Rodolfo Amiama, photographers. Guillermo Hernández managed the printing with the assistance of Orlando Núñez and workers from the newspaper ''El Mundo.''
''Los Trabajadores'' published articles on the
labor movement
The labour movement or labor movement consists of two main wings: the trade union movement (British English) or labor union movement (American English) on the one hand, and the political labour movement on the other.
* The trade union movement ...
, the sugar harvest, the internal life of unions, the practice of
proletarian internationalism
Proletarian internationalism, sometimes referred to as international socialism, is the perception of all communist revolutions as being part of a single global class struggle rather than separate localized events. It is based on the theory that ...
and class solidarity. It was distributed free in worker meetings and in workplaces. In November 1974, vendors started selling ''Los Trabajadores'' in Havana..
In 1978, ''Trabajadores'' began printing issues times a week and on 2 December 1980 it became a daily. In 1997, ''Trabajadores'' created its own website.
Formal aspects
In the beginning ''Trabajadores'' was a twelve-page tabloid with a print run never more than three thousand copies, which left irregularly until he could be biweekly. In 1975 it acquired the broadsheet, with six pages, and color only in the first and the last, justified to four and six columns, either. The identifier of the CTC, later removed, appeared to the left of the head.
Research by students of the Institute of Design (ISDI in Spanish) on early issues of ''Trabajadores'' showed that
"The body text typeface had no formal or conceptual basis, as their selection was subject to the availability of types in the workshop, for holders was the Futura. The pictures are rounded vertices.
"The structure of the front favored their visibility on the streets, because the photos were the top stories on the top half of the newspaper, was generally organized, yet traditional, and the information was in good ranking."
In 1977 ''Trabajadores'' initiated the use of fillets, chain lines and boxes, to separate the news, and even dabbled in
infographics
Infographics (a clipped compound of "information" and "graphics") are graphic visual representations of information, data, or knowledge intended to present information quickly and clearly.Doug Newsom and Jim Haynes (2004). ''Public Relations Wri ...
as a means of enriching the information. In March 1978, the publisher reduced the number of photos on the first page, the information was ranked according to their importance, and was used to separate target.
According to the ISDI students concluded that the 1979 issues remained
"the same characteristics of the previous year, except his head, which again is changed in April this year (...)"
"It was took up the fillets and Watermarks. Combined in the body text, serif and sans serif, and holders inside are starting to use type’s displays. Increases the number of images per page."
On December 2, 1980, ''Trabajadores'' became a daily. According to the ISDI students, the paper began the use of orange to the head, which moved within the page. Also in the front the
font
In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight and style of a typeface. Each font is a matched set of type, with a piece (a "sort") for each glyph. A typeface consists of a range of such fonts that shared an overall design.
In mod ...
was used only
sans serif
In typography and lettering, a sans-serif, sans serif, gothic, or simply sans letterform is one that does not have extending features called "serifs" at the end of strokes. Sans-serif typefaces tend to have less stroke width variation than seri ...
, but not in the other. There was an increased use of
text images, and the body of the first cartoons was inserted.
Electronic edition
On 28 April 1997, ''Trabajadores'' introduced its online edition.
It has a very basic structure, held in Front page by Víctor Fernández, specialist in scientific-technical information. it had sections of national, international, culture, sports, health and then matching section with readers, reproduced with the same name in 2009 Section.
The digital edition became a daily paper on June 14, 2000. Until then it was still assimilating published in print, and was updated at night by a computer specialist.
in 2000 Alina Martínez Tria became manager and editor ''Trabajadores'' began to include agencies cables. The paper provided heavy coverage of the
Elián González
Elián González Brotons (born December 6, 1993) is a Cuban technician who, as a child, became embroiled in a heated international custody and immigration controversy in 2000 involving the governments of Cuba and the United States, his father Ju ...
controversy in the United States.
The paper employed a chief editor, three operators, two of them dedicated to the update in the morning, on alternate days, and the third from Tuesday to Friday afternoons, two editors who worked on alternate days and two correctors with equal labor system. Amounted to a total of eight people.
By then the digital edition already had an English version and a translator hired to translate texts themselves, primarily those published in print.
Latest changes
The ''Trabajadores'' paper design changed in 2002, with the collaboration of Andro Perez Diz-time student at the Institute of Design (ISDI) with the aim of better organizing the content and special spaces. In 2003, changes were made to the sections and the
information architecture
Information architecture (IA) is the structural design of shared information environments; the art and science of organizing and labelling websites, intranets, online communities and software to support usability and findability; and an emerging ...
. In June 2007, ''Trabajadores'' introduced the automated content management
Plone
Plone is a free and open source content management system (CMS) built on top of the Zope application server. Plone is positioned as an enterprise CMS and is commonly used for intranets and as part of the web presence of large organizations. High ...
and design totally changed. This work was undertaken by engineers at the
University of Information Science
The University of Informatic Sciences ( es, link=no, Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas; UCI, also known as the University of Information Sciences and University of Informatics Sciences) is a Cuban university research center based in the w ...
(UCI in Spanish).
Under these conditions envisaged a team composed of a chief editor, two
publishers
Publishing is the activity of making information, literature, music, software and other content available to the public for sale or for free. Traditionally, the term refers to the creation and distribution of printed works, such as books, newsp ...
and two editors working on alternate days, an interactive editor to attend forums and polls, a graphical editor responsible with the introduction of infographics,
multimedia
Multimedia is a form of communication that uses a combination of different content forms such as text, audio, images, animations, or video into a single interactive presentation, in contrast to tradition ...
, galleries and Bulletin attention, and two managing partners dedicated to information needed for special work in coordination with the documentation center, work positioning and statistics, then one of them moved from job.
''Trabajadores'' regularly sections
* "Nacionales" – national news of interest for workers.
* "Buzón Abierto" – articles motivated by letters of readers and answers of government agencies.
* "Salud" – articles about health issues.
* "Sin pausa" – articles related to update process of economic and social model.
* "Cultura" – news, interviews and opinion articles about arts and literacy.
* "Al pan, pan" – cultural reviews.
* "Deportes" – news, interviews and opinion articles about sports.
* "Internacionales" – international news and articles
* "Visión sindical" – short news related to workplace.
External links
Trabajadores Digital
{{Media in Cuba
Newspapers published in Cuba
Publications with year of establishment missing
Mass media in Havana