The

Toyota is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 ...

ZZ engine family is a

straight-4 A straight-four engine (also called an inline-four) is a four-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. The vast majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout (with the ...

piston engine A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is typically a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common featu ...

series. The ZZ series uses a die-cast aluminium

engine block In an internal combustion engine, the engine block is the structure which contains the cylinders and other components. In an early automotive engine, the engine block consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was atta ...

with thin press-fit

cast iron Cast iron is a class of iron–carbon alloys with a carbon content more than 2%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its color when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impuriti ...

cylinder liner In a reciprocating engine, the cylinder is the space in which a piston travels. The inner surface of the cylinder is formed from either a thin metallic liner (also called "sleeve") or a surface coating applied to the engine block. A piston is se ...

s, and aluminium

DOHC An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion c ...

4-valve

cylinder head In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head (often abbreviated to simply "head") sits above the cylinders and forms the roof of the combustion chamber. In sidevalve engines, the head is a simple sheet of metal; whereas in more modern ov ...

s. The

camshaft A camshaft is a shaft that contains a row of pointed cams, in order to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion. Camshafts are used in piston engines (to operate the intake and exhaust valves), mechanically controlled ignition systems ...

s are chain-driven. The two 1.8 L members of the family, the 1ZZ and 2ZZ, use different bore and

stroke A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. Both cause parts of the brain to stop functionin ...

. The former was optimised for economy, with

torque In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force (also abbreviated to moment). It represents the capability of a force to produce change in the rotational motion of th ...

emphasised in lower

revolutions per minute Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or with the notation min−1) is a unit of rotational speed or rotational frequency for rotating machines. Standards ISO 80000-3:2019 defines a unit of rotation as the dimensionl ...

operating range, while the latter is a "square" design optimised for high-RPM torque, yielding higher peak power. The ZZ family replaced the extremely popular cast-iron block '' 4A'' engines. Toyota engine names are interpreted as follows. The leading number denotes the generation, and the next one or two letters, specify the engine family. The remaining letters, following a hyphen, describe the engine's major features. For example, the 2ZZ-GE can be decoded as being the second generation of the ZZ engine series and features a performance-oriented cylinder head with widely angled valves (G) and electronic fuel injection (E).

1ZZ

1ZZ-FE

The 1ZZ-FE is a version built in

Buffalo, West Virginia Buffalo is a town in Putnam County, West Virginia, located along the Kanawha River. The population was 1,211 at the time of the 2020 census. Buffalo is a part of the Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area. History Along with numerous sites in th ...

. Bore X

of .

Compression ratio The compression ratio is the ratio between the volume of the cylinder and combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine at their maximum and minimum values. A fundamental specification for such engines, it is measured two ways: the stati ...

is 10.0:1. Output is between at 5,600 rpm with of

at 4,400 rpm, and at 6,400 rpm with of torque at 4,200 rpm. It uses

MPFI Manifold injection is a mixture formation system for internal combustion engines with external mixture formation. It is commonly used in engines with spark ignition that use petrol as fuel, such as the Otto engine, and the Wankel engine. In a mani ...

, has

VVT-i VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Toyota. It was first introduced in 1995 with the '' 2JZ-GE'' engine found in the JZS155 Toyota Crown and Crown Majesta. The VVT- ...

(1998-99 1ZZ engines don't have VVT-i), and features fracture-split forged powder metal

connecting rod A connecting rod, also called a 'con rod', is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to the crankshaft. Together with the crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotation of the cranksh ...

s, one-piece cast

s, and either a cast aluminum

intake manifold In automotive engineering, an inlet manifold or intake manifold (in American English) is the part of an engine that supplies the fuel/air mixture to the cylinders. The word ''manifold'' comes from the Old English word ''manigfeald'' (from the ...

or a molded plastic intake manifold. A factory supported bolt-on supercharger kit was sold for the 2003–2004 Corolla and Matrix by Toyota Racing Development, and Pontiac Vibe by GM Performance. The supercharger gives of boost, with a and of torque increase at the wheels. Its production in

Cambridge, Ontario Cambridge is a city in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, located at the confluence of the Grand River (Ontario), Grand and Speed River, Speed rivers. The city had a population of 138,479 as of the 2021 Canadian census, 202 ...

was discontinued in December 2007. Applications: *

Toyota Corolla The is a series of compact cars (formerly subcompact) manufactured and marketed globally by the Toyota Motor Corporation. Introduced in 1966, the Corolla was the best-selling car worldwide by 1974 and has been one of the best-selling cars in ...

CE/LE/S/VE, Fielder, Runx (Japan), Altis (Asia) * Toyota Corolla Spacio * Toyota Corolla Verso *

Toyota Allion The and its twin the are sedans sold in Japan from 2001 to 2021 by Toyota. The sedans are designated as a compact car by Japanese dimension regulations and the exterior dimensions do not change with periodic updates. Unlike Toyota's other v ...

Toyota Premio The and its twin the are sedans sold in Japan from 2001 to 2021 by Toyota. The sedans are designated as a compact car by Japanese dimension regulations and the exterior dimensions do not change with periodic updates. Unlike Toyota's other v ...

Toyota Vista The Toyota Camry (; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ ''Toyota Kamuri'') is an automobile sold internationally by the Japanese auto manufacturer Toyota since 1982, spanning multiple generations. Originally compact in size (narrow-body), the Camry ...

and Vista Ardeo * WiLL VS *

Toyota Caldina The is an automobile manufactured by Toyota for the Japanese market from 1992 to 2007. It replaced the Corona and Carina wagons, and was sold at ''Toyota Store'' and ''Toyopet Store'' locations in Japan. While the Caldina has never been official ...

Toyota RAV4 The is a compact crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota. Considered the first ever compact crossover SUV, it made its debut in Japan and Europe in 1994, and in North America in 1995, being launched in January 19 ...

Chevrolet Prizm Prizm may refer to: * Casio Prizm, a series of graphing calculators * Claritas Prizm, a marketing database used in the United States * Geo Prizm, a car by Chevrolet * Prizm Outlets, a shopping center in Nevada, US * Prizm Project, a human right ...

Pontiac Vibe The Pontiac Vibe is a compact car that was sold by Pontiac from 2002 to 2010. It was jointly developed by General Motors along with Toyota, who manufactures the mechanically similar Toyota Matrix. Manufactured by the Toyota-GM joint venture NUMMI ...

Toyota Celica The is an automobile produced by Toyota from 1970 until 2006. The Celica name derives from the Latin word '' coelica'' meaning 'heavenly' or 'celestial'. In Japan, the Celica was exclusive to the '' Toyota Corolla Store'' dealer chain. Pro ...

GT *

Toyota Matrix The Toyota Matrix, officially referred to as the Toyota Corolla Matrix, is a compact hatchback manufactured by Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada in Cambridge, Ontario and derived from the Corolla. Introduced in 2002 as a 2003 model, the Matri ...

Toyota Avensis The is a mid-size/ large family car built in Derbyshire, United Kingdom by the Japanese automaker Toyota from October 1997 to August 2018. It was the direct successor to the European Carina E and was available as a four-door saloon, five-door l ...

Toyota Opa The is a compact car produced by Toyota. Its name derives from the exclamation for surprise in Portuguese. It was introduced at the October 1999 Tokyo Motor Show as a prototype car, and was put into production in January 2000. It was the resu ...

Toyota Isis The Toyota Isis is a seven-seat large MPV manufactured by Kanto Auto Works under contract for Japanese automaker Toyota. It is sold in Japan and was launched in September 2004. It features sliding doors and is available with either front- or f ...

Toyota Wish The is an automobile produced by the Japanese automaker Toyota from 2003 to 2017. It is a compact MPV with standard three-row seating, and was positioned between the Corolla Spacio and the Ipsum in Toyota's minivan lineup. In Japan, it was avai ...

Lotus Elise The Lotus Elise is a two-seat, rear-wheel drive, mid-engined roadster conceived in early 1994 and released in September 1996 by the British manufacturer Lotus Cars. The Elise has a fibreglass body shell atop its bonded extruded aluminium chas ...

Toyota MR2 The Toyota MR2 is a line of two-seat, mid-engined, rear-wheel-drive sports cars manufactured in Japan and marketed globally by Toyota from 1984 until 2007 over three generations: W10 (1984–1989), W20 (1989–1999) and W30 (2000–2007). It ...

Toyota announced a voluntary recall of 2005 to 2008 Toyota Corollas and Matrixes equipped with 1ZZ-FE engines. The issue involves the engine control module, and includes the potential for it to develop a crack on the module's circuit board, which can result in the car not starting, the transmission shifting harshly, or the engine stalling. Additionally, Pontiac announced a voluntary recall of Pontiac Vibes from years 2005 to 2008 for the same issue.

1ZZ-FED

The 1ZZ-FED is similar to the 1ZZ-FE but is built separately in the Shimoyama plant. Toyota's advertised power output is at 6,400 rpm and of torque at 4,400 rpm. Additional power output over the 1ZZ-FE is accomplished by larger valves and corresponding revisions to the ports. It uses Multi-point fuel injection,

and has larger 32mm intake valves and 27.5mm exhaust valves compared to the 2002-2008 1ZZ-FE. Applications: * Toyota Celica ''GT'' *

Toyota MR2 Spyder The Toyota MR2 is a line of two-seat, mid-engined, rear-wheel-drive sports cars manufactured in Japan and marketed globally by Toyota from 1984 until 2007 over three generations: W10 (1984–1989), W20 (1989–1999) and W30 (2000–2007). It is ...

1.8 * WiLL VS 1.8

1ZZ-FBE

Special modified 1ZZ-FE that can run on E100 Ethanol. Applications: *

(Brazil only) , 100 kW , 134,4 hp ,

LJ479Q

Internal code of 1ZZ-FE engine for

SAIC-GM-Wuling SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile ( zh, 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司, abbreviated as SGMW) is a joint venture between SAIC Motor, General Motors, and Liuzhou Wuling Motors Co Ltd. Based in Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, in sout ...

cars. Applications: * Baojun 530 * Baojun 560 * Baojun 730/Wuling Cortez * Wuling Rongguang truck *

Wuling Zhengcheng The Wuling Zhengcheng ( zh, t=五菱征程, p=Wǔlíng zhēngchéng) is a van and MPV produced by SAIC-GM-Wuling under the Wuling Motors brand. It is the largest van produced by Wuling and serves as the flagship MPV of the brand. First launched ...

2ZZ

2ZZ-GE

The 2ZZ-GE is a version built in Japan, in collaboration with

Yamaha Motor Corporation is a Japanese multinational manufacturer of motorcycles, marine products such as boats and outboard motors, and other motorized products. The company was established in 1955 upon separation from Yamaha Corporation (however, Yamaha Corporation ...

. Bore x stroke is . It uses Multi-point Fuel Injection, VVTL-i, and features

forged steel Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces. The blows are delivered with a hammer (often a power hammer) or a die. Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it ...

s. Compression ratio is 11.5:1, but necessitating "premium" gasoline (91 octane or above in the (R+M)/2 scale used in North America"The Next Band Wagons" - ''Motor Trend'', Chris Walton. May 2002). Power output for this engine varies depending on the vehicle and tuning, with the Celica GT-S, Corolla T-Sport,

and

Lotus Exige The Lotus Exige is a British two-door, two-seat sports car made by Lotus Cars since 2000. Originally a more-hardcore coupé version of the Lotus Elise roadster, since the Series 3 the Exige has been the larger-engined model of the family - usi ...

offering , whereas the American versions of the 2003 Matrix and

versions produce @ 7,600 rpm and @ 6800 rpm, with all later years offering anywhere from in 2004 to in 2006 due to a recurved powerband. The differing power figures from 2004 through 2006 are due to changes in

dynamometer A dynamometer or "dyno" for short, is a device for simultaneously measuring the torque and rotational speed (RPM) of an engine, motor or other rotating prime mover so that its instantaneous power may be calculated, and usually displayed by the ...

testing procedures. The Australian variant Corolla Sportivo produces at 7,600 rpm and of torque. Due to noise regulations, Toyota recalled them for a flash of the PCM to up their output to classify them in the more lenient "sports car" noise category. The Corolla Compressor and

S add a

supercharger In an internal combustion engine, a supercharger compresses the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for a given displacement. The current categorisation is that a supercharger is a form of forced induct ...

with

intercooler An intercooler is a heat exchanger used to cool a gas after compression. Often found in turbocharged engines, intercoolers are also used in air compressors, air conditioners, refrigeration and gas turbines. Internal combustion engines Mo ...

to achieve , while the Exige 240R's supercharger increases output to . The addition of a non-intercooled supercharger to the Elise SC produces with a considerable weight saving. The supercharged engines are not labeled 2ZZ-G''Z''E. Unique to the ZZ family, the 2ZZ-GE utilizes a dual camshaft profile system (the "L" in

VVTL-i VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Toyota. It was first introduced in 1995 with the ''Toyota JZ engine#2JZ-GE, 2JZ-GE'' engine found in the Toyota_Crown (S150), JZS15 ...

, known by enthusiasts and engineers alike as "lift" similar to Honda's

VTEC VTEC (Variable Valve Timing & Lift Electronic Control) is a system developed by Honda to improve the volumetric efficiency of a four-stroke internal combustion engine, resulting in higher performance at high RPM, and lower fuel consumption at low ...

) to produce the added power without an increase in displacement or forced induction. The 2ZZ-GE was the first production engine to combine cam-phasing variable valve timing with dual-profile variable valve lift in the American market. The table below lists the specifications of the two camshaft profiles. Toyota commissioned Yamaha to design the 2ZZ-GE, based on Toyota's ZZ block, for high-RPM operation and producing a power peak near the top of the RPM range. The high-output cam profile is not activated until approximately 6,200 rpm, (lift set-points are between 6,000–6,700 rpm depending on the vehicle) and will not engage until the engine has reached at least . The Toyota PCM electronically limits RPM to about 8,200 RPM via fuel and/or spark cut. The "lift" engagement and the engine redline vary by application. Lotus 2ZZ-GEs are rev limited to 8,500 RPM, for example, whereas Celicas were rev limited to 7,900 to 8,200 RPM in North America, depending on the model year. The first Japanese versions were rev limited to 8,600 rpm with a peak of . Consequently, it is impossible to "over-rev" the engine with the throttle alone; a downshift from a higher gear must be involved. A typical "over-rev" can damage the oil pump, commonly disintegrating the lobe ring, resulting in damage similar to the picture at right. The oil pump is the

Achilles heel An Achilles' heel (or Achilles heel) is a weakness in spite of overall strength, which can lead to downfall. While the mythological origin refers to a physical vulnerability, idiomatic references to other attributes or qualities that can lead to ...

of the 2ZZ, though incidents are rare and usually occur due to fault of the driver. Even the briefest period of oil starvation is usually fatal to this engine design. For the first few years of production, the engines were notorious for failing "lift bolts". This did not damage the engine, but would hamper performance as the high output cam profile was unable to properly engage. Toyota fixed the problem in late 2002 with a redesigned bolt that was installed on later engines. Earlier engines with the problematic bolts can be fixed via a Toyota-issued

TSB Banking A trustee savings bank is a type of financial institution. * In the United Kingdom: ** Trustee Savings Bank, a bank in the United Kingdom that merged with Lloyds Bank in 1995 to form Lloyds TSB until 2013 ** Lloyds TSB, the name used by ...

simply requiring the new bolt to be installed in place of the old one. The 2004 and newer Matrix and Corolla XRS models were equipped with smog pumps and have an extra hole above each exhaust port in the engine head and manifold where air is injected to achieve complete fuel burning before the exhaust stream reaches the catalyst. All 2ZZ-GE heads from 03/03 onwards carry this modification even if the vehicle does not have the air injection system. The high-pressure die-cast aluminum alloy engine block of the 2ZZ-GE featured Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) reinforced cylinder walls. MMC is a reinforcement material composed of ceramic parts and fibers. Applications: * Toyota Celica ''SS-II'' (Japan, ) * Toyota Celica ''GT-S'' (USA, ) * Toyota Celica ''190''/''T-Sport'' (UK, ) * Toyota Celica ''SX'' (Australia, /) * Toyota Celica ''ZR'' (Australia, /) * Toyota Corolla ''Sportivo'' (Australia, /) * Toyota Celica ''TS'' (Europe, ) * Toyota Corolla ''T Sport Compressor'' (Europe, supercharged, ) * Toyota Corolla ''XRS'' (USA, ) * Toyota Corolla Fielder ''Z Aero Tourer'' (Japan, ) * Toyota Corolla "RunX Z Aero Tourer" (Japan, ) * Toyota Corolla RunX ''RSi'' (South Africa, /) *

''XRS'' (USA, ) *

''GT'' (USA, ) *

Toyota Voltz The Pontiac Vibe is a compact car that was sold by Pontiac from 2002 to 2010. It was jointly developed by General Motors along with Toyota, who manufactures the mechanically similar Toyota Matrix. Manufactured by the Toyota-GM joint venture NUMMI ...

''Z'' (Japan, ) * WiLL VS 1.8 *

(North America/UK, ) *

(USA/UK, 190 hp NA & 243 hp

supercharged In an internal combustion engine, a supercharger compresses the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for a given displacement. The current categorisation is that a supercharger is a form of forced induct ...

) * Lotus Exige CUP 260 (USA/UK, supercharged, ) *

Lotus 2-Eleven The Lotus 2-Eleven is a car produced by British car manufacturer Lotus. It is based on the Lotus Exige S, and thus has the same Toyota 2ZZ-GE with VVTL-i, Eaton M62 Roots-type supercharger and intercooled inline-four engine. Weighing , with at ...

(USA/UK, supercharged, )

3ZZ

3ZZ-FE

The 3ZZ-FE is a engine unit built in Japan for models built from 2000 to 2010. Bore and stroke is . Max. output is at 6,000 rpm and max. torque is at 4,400 rpm. It features SMP pistons v/s Toyota made in 1ZZ-FE engine. The preferred engine oil is 5W30 API grade SL/SM. It is found in the Toyota Corolla Altis which is sold in Asian countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Pakistan (as SE Saloon) and Taiwan; the Toyota Corolla sedan, hatchback and station wagon sold in Sri Lanka, parts of Europe and the Middle East; and the Toyota Corolla XLi sedan in Brazil. In South Africa, the motor can be found in the RunX 160 and Corolla 160. Applications: * Toyota Corolla (Europe & Middle East) *

Toyota Corolla Altis The is a series of compact cars (formerly subcompact) manufactured and marketed globally by the Toyota Motor Corporation. Introduced in 1966, the Corolla was the best-selling car worldwide by 1974 and has been one of the best-selling cars in ...

(Asia; E120 and E140 models) * Toyota Corolla RunX ''160'' (South Africa) * Toyota Corolla XLi (Brazil) *

(Europe)

4ZZ

4ZZ-FE

The 4ZZ-FE is a version. Bore and stroke is . Output is at 6000 rpm with of torque at 4400 rpm. Applications: *

Toyota Corolla (E110) The Corolla E110 was the eighth generation of cars sold by Toyota under the Corolla nameplate. Introduced in May 1995, the eighth generation shared its platform (and doors, on some models) with its predecessor. Due to a recession at the time, To ...

(2000 facelift) *

Toyota Corolla (E120) The Toyota Corolla (E120/E130) is the ninth generation of compact cars sold by Toyota under the Corolla nameplate. In Japan, this series arrived to the market in August 2000; however, exports were typically not achieved until 2001 and 2002 depen ...

Toyota Auris The is a compact car derived from the Corolla, manufactured and sold by Toyota. Introduced in 2006, the first generation three/five-door hatchback shared the platform with the E150 series Corolla, while the second generation five-door hatchba ...

References

External links

JDM Spec Engines - Toyota 2ZZ-GE Engine

Toyota Paper: Development of the High Speed 2ZZ-GE Engine
{{DEFAULTSORT:Toyota Zz Engine Zz Straight-four engines Gasoline engines by model

1ZZ