Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza (1623 - After 1692) was a Spanish soldier (native of modern Mexico) who served as acting Governor of

New Mexico ) , population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano) , seat = Santa Fe , LargestCity = Albuquerque , LargestMetro = Tiguex , OfficialLang = None , Languages = English, Spanish ( New Mexican), Navajo, Ker ...

in 1664.

Biography

Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza was baptized on February 19, 1623,Simmons, Marc; Esquibel, José (2012)
Juan Domínguez de Mendoza: Soldier and Frontiersman of the Spanish Southwest, 1627-1696
The University of New Mexico Press. in

Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley o ...

.Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza - Nancy's Home Page
Retrieved in June 19, 2014, to 00:30 pm. His father, who had the same name, was a Spanish officer and former wine merchant who lived in Mexico City for a while and emigrated to New Mexico with his wife and at least 7 children in the mid-1630s.New Mexico Genealogical
Posted by Margaret Espinosa McDonald, Ph.D, November, 1998. New Mexico Genealogical Society. Tomé (II) was brother of the soldier

Juan Dominguez de Mendoza ''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of ''John''. It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking communities around the world and in the Philippines, and also (pronounced differently) in the Isle of Man. In Spanish, t ...

. Mendoza joined the Spanish Army in his youth.El Cerro de Tomé, Valencia County, New Mexico

National Park Service The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government within the U.S. Department of the Interior that manages all national parks, most national monuments, and other natural, historical, and recreational propertie ...

U.S. Department of the Interior The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government headquartered at the Main Interior Building, located at 1849 C Street NW in Washington, D.C. It is responsible for the mana ...

. In the first half of 1660, he lived below

Isleta Pueblo Pueblo of Isleta ( tix, Shiewhibak , kjq, Dîiw'a'ane ; nv, Naatoohó ) is an unincorporated community and Tanoan pueblo in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States, originally established in the . The Southern Tiwa name of the pueblo ...

. Since about 1656 Mendoza held the charges of

alcalde mayor An ''alcalde mayor'' was a regional magistrate in Spain and its territories from, at least, the 14th century to the 19th century. These regional officials had judicial, administrative, military and legislative authority. Their judicial and ad ...

of the region and

Lieutenant General Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...

of the Rio Abajo zone. He was replaced in both charges by Juan Dominguez, his brother, in 1659. Later, Tomé got the rank of

sergeant Sergeant (abbreviated to Sgt. and capitalized when used as a named person's title) is a rank in many uniformed organizations, principally military and policing forces. The alternative spelling, ''serjeant'', is used in The Rifles and other uni ...

of the Spanish army. In 1662 Tomé was appointed for several key positions at the New Mexico government. So he held the charges of Lieutenant General, perpetual

regidor A regidor (plural: ''regidores'') is a member of a council of municipalities in Spain and Latin America. Portugal also used to have the same office of ''regedor''. Mexico In Mexico, an ayuntamiento (municipal council) is composed of a municipal ...

and treasurer of the Santa Cruzada. Later, a faction led by him accused and "filed grave charges" against the governor of the province (at this time New Mexico was a province) Juan Durán de Miranda, which caused a brief imprisonment and the seizure of all his goods. Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza was appointed Acting Governor of

Santa Fe de Nuevo México Santa Fe de Nuevo México ( en, Holy Faith of New Mexico; shortened as Nuevo México or Nuevo Méjico, and translated as New Mexico in English) was a Kingdom of the Spanish Empire and New Spain, and later a territory of independent Mexico. The ...

in 1664. However, his government only lasted until Durán de Miranda (who was released from prison when he presented his arguments about the charges issued against him in

) recovered his government in the province a year later. In 1676, Tomé was appointed Lieutenant Governor of the province by

Juan Francisco Treviño Juan Francisco Treviño was the Governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (New Mexico) from 1675 to 1679. As governor, he persecuted the Pueblo Native Americans, causing the Pueblo Revolt against the Spanish settlers. Biography Treviño was appoin ...

. In June of that year, Tome was ordered to form an troop against the Apaches who were attacking Socorro and

Senecú The Piro pueblo of Senecú was the southernmost occupied pueblo in New Mexico prior to the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. It was located on the west bank of the Rio Grande within sight of the Piro pueblo of San Pasqual. Colonial Spanish documents consi ...

. In 1677 and 1680, he joined the cabildo of Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico. For the last decade, Tomé continued to participate in political and military functions in the province. In August 1680, Tomé and his family moved to

El Paso del Norte EL, El or el may refer to: Religion * El (deity), a Semitic word for "God" People * EL (rapper) (born 1983), stage name of Elorm Adablah, a Ghanaian rapper and sound engineer * El DeBarge, music artist * El Franco Lee (1949–2016), American po ...

(Ciudad Juarez, in modern Mexico), along with other residents of Rio Abajo, New Mexico. There, he held several positions. One of the positions he occupied was ''Maeses de Campo'' "with full complement of arms." In 1681, Mendoza, at sixty-one years old, died from

gout Gout ( ) is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot and swollen joint, caused by deposition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals. Pain typically comes on rapidly, reaching maximal intensit ...

and a

stomach disease Stomach diseases include gastritis, gastroparesis, Crohn's disease and various cancers. The stomach is an important organ in the body. It plays a vital role in digestion of foods, releases various enzymes and also protects the lower intestine fr ...

Personal life

Mendoza married twice: his first marriage was to Catalina López Mederos, with whom he had 6 children: Tome III, Antonio, Juana, Francisco (who died in the war against the Puebloans), Juan and Diego (both were injured in the same war) Domínguez de Mendoza. The second was with Ana Velásquez, with whom he had two additional children: José and Juana Domínguez. About 1659, Governor

Bernardo López de Mendizábal Bernardo López de Mendizábal (1620 – September 16, 1664) was a Spanish politician, soldier, and religious scholar, who served as governor of New Mexico between 1659–1660 and as alcalde mayor in Guayacocotla (on the Sierra Madre Oriental, in ...

gave Mendoza an

encomienda The ''encomienda'' () was a Spanish labour system that rewarded conquerors with the labour of conquered non-Christian peoples. The labourers, in theory, were provided with benefits by the conquerors for whom they laboured, including military ...

to the south of

Isleta Pueblo of Isleta ( tix, Shiewhibak , kjq, Dîiw'a'ane ; nv, Naatoohó ) is an unincorporated community and Tanoan pueblo in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States, originally established in the . The Southern Tiwa name of the pueblo ...

. When the encomienda passed into his hands, so too did the Native American population who resided there. Mendoza took advantage of this to Christianize them and make them work for him as a way of "partial compensation" for the debts he owed to the

Spanish Crown , coatofarms = File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg , coatofarms_article = Coat of arms of the King of Spain , image = Felipe_VI_in_2020_(cropped).jpg , incumbent = Felipe VI , incumbentsince = 19 Ju ...

for several services that the crown provided to him (i.e. protection). In Isleta, the Dominguez family settled to the west of El Cerro de Tomé, near Tome Hill (next to

Rio Grande The Rio Grande ( and ), known in Mexico as the Río Bravo del Norte or simply the Río Bravo, is one of the principal rivers (along with the Colorado River) in the southwestern United States and in northern Mexico. The length of the Rio G ...

). However, when the

Pueblo Revolt The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, also known as Popé's Rebellion or Popay's Rebellion, was an uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish empire, Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, larger than prese ...

broke out in 1680, thirty-eight members of the Dominguez family were attacked and killed by the Pueblo Native Americans. In addition to his four sons who fought in the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 (among them Tome III), his other two sons, Juan and Diego, were attacked by poisoned arrows. Other family members, such as grandchildren, sons-in-law, brothers and nephews may have also been killed in the war. For the most part, those who survived were forced to leave the place, emigrating south to

(modern Ciudad Juarez, North of modern Mexico). So, in 1682, Don Pedro de Tomé y Chaves (brother of the first wife of Mendoza, Catalina López Mederos) got permission to migrate to modern-day Mexico with his family and the family of Mendoza. In 1683, Tomé lived in Los Sauces, north of Chihuahua, Mexico. Thanks to the Peace Treaty between the Puebloans and the Spanish, Mendoza emigrated to Spain and never returned to New Mexico.

Legacy

The village of

Tomé Tomé () is a port city and commune in the Biobío Region of Chile. It is bordered by Coelemu to the north, Ránquil and Florida to the east, Penco to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The local economy is based mainly on textile man ...

was built in the place where he resided, after being named as Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dominguez De Mendoza, Tome Colonial governors of Santa Fe de Nuevo México 1626 births People from Mexico City Year of death unknown