viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 ...
, in the family ''
Tombusviridae
''Tombusviridae'' is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA plant viruses. There are three subfamilies, 17 genera, and 95 species in this family. The name is derived from ''Tomato bushy stunt virus'' (TBSV).
Genome
All viruses in the f ...
''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 17 species in this genus. Symptoms associated with this genus include mosaic. The name of the genus comes from ''Tomato bushy stunt virus''.
Taxonomy
The genus contains the following species:
* ''
Artichoke mottled crinkle virus
The globe artichoke (''Cynara cardunculus'' var. ''scolymus'' ),Rottenberg, A., and D. Zohary, 1996: "The wild ancestry of the cultivated artichoke." Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 43, 53–58. also known by the names French artichoke and green articho ...
''
* ''
Carnation Italian ringspot virus
Carnation Italian ringspot virus (also abbreviated to CIRV) is a virus that is a member of the '' Tombusviridae'' family. It can create C-shaped or doughnut-shaped structures that often join with other MVBs in the infected cell. It is found where ...
Neckar River virus
The Neckar () is a river in Germany, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, with a short section through Hesse. The Neckar is a major right tributary of the Rhine. Rising in the Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis near Schwenn ...
''
* ''
Pelargonium leaf curl virus
''Pelargonium'' () is a genus of flowering plants that includes about 280 species of perennials, succulents, and shrubs, commonly called geraniums, pelargoniums, or storksbills. '' Geranium'' is also the botanical name and common name of a sep ...
''
* ''
Pelargonium necrotic spot virus
''Pelargonium'' () is a genus of flowering plants that includes about 280 species of perennials, succulents, and shrubs, commonly called geraniums, pelargoniums, or storksbills. '' Geranium'' is also the botanical name and common name of a sep ...
''
* ''
Petunia asteroid mosaic virus
Petunia asteroid mosaic virus (PetAMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family ''Tombusviridae
''Tombusviridae'' is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA plant viruses. There are three subfamilies, 17 genera, and 95 species in this ...
Tomato bushy stunt virus
Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) is a virus of the tombusvirus family. It was first reported in tomatoes in 1935 and primarily affects vegetable crops, though it is not generally considered an economically significant plant pathogen. Depending up ...
''
Structure
Viruses in ''Tombusvirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 28-34 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, positive sense, single-stranded
RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...
, around 4-5.4kb in length. These virions have a regular surface structure and are composed of 17%
nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The two main cl ...
.
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription, using the premature termination model of subgenomic RNA transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by suppression of termination. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical, seed borne, and contact.
The virus uses the
cis-regulatory element
''Cis''-regulatory elements (CREs) or ''Cis''-regulatory modules (CRMs) are regions of non-coding DNA which regulate the transcription of neighboring genes. CREs are vital components of genetic regulatory networks, which in turn control morphoge ...
s,
Tombus virus defective interfering (DI) RNA region 3
Tombus virus defective interfering (DI) RNA region 3 is an important cis-regulatory region identified in the 3' UTR of ''Tombusvirus'' defective interfering particles (DI).
Defective interfering RNAs are small sub-viral replicons which are non- ...
and
Tombusvirus 5' UTR
''Tombusvirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family '' Tombusviridae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 17 species in this genus. Symptoms associated with this genus include mosaic. The name of the genus comes from ''Tomato bushy stunt ...
to control expression of defective interfering RNAs and viral RNA replication.