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Thomas Ernest Woods Jr. (born August 1, 1972) is an American author, podcast host, and
libertarian Libertarianism (from french: libertaire, "libertarian"; from la, libertas, "freedom") is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state's e ...
commentator who is currently a senior fellow at the
Mises Institute Ludwig von Mises Institute for Austrian Economics, or Mises Institute, is a libertarian nonprofit think tank headquartered in Auburn, Alabama, United States. It is named after the Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises (1881–1973). It wa ...
.Naji Filali
Interview with Thomas E. Woods, Jr.
, Harvard Political Review, August 16, 2011.
A proponent of the Austrian School of economics, Woods hosts a daily podcast, ''The Tom Woods Show,'' and formerly co-hosted the weekly podcast ''Contra Krugman''. Woods' ''
The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History ''The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History'' is a work of paleoconservative literature covering various issues in U.S. history by Thomas E. Woods, published in December 2004. This book was the first in the '' Politically Incorrect Gui ...
'' in 2004 interpreted U.S. history through a paleoconservative and, as described by some writers, pro-Confederate lens. This, and his 2009 book ''
Meltdown Meltdown may refer to: Science and technology * Nuclear meltdown, a severe nuclear reactor accident * Meltdown (security vulnerability), affecting computer processors * Mutational meltdown, in population genetics Arts and entertainment Music * Me ...
'' on the financial crisis of 2007–2008, became New York Times bestsellers. His subsequent writing has focused on promoting libertarianism and libertarian leaning political figures such as former Congressman and presidential candidate
Ron Paul Ronald Ernest Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American author, activist, physician and retired politician who served as the U.S. representative for Texas's 22nd congressional district from 1976 to 1977 and again from 1979 to 1985, as well ...
. Woods also teaches
homeschooling Homeschooling or home schooling, also known as home education or elective home education (EHE), is the education of school-aged children at home or a variety of places other than a school. Usually conducted by a parent, tutor, or an onlin ...
courses on Western civilization and government called ''The Liberty Homeschooler'' as part of the ''Ron Paul Curriculum''. In 1994, Woods was a founding member of the
League of the South The League of the South (LS) is an American white nationalist, neo-Confederate, white supremacist organization, headquartered in Killen, Alabama, which states that its ultimate goal is "a free and independent Southern republic". The group def ...
, but he no longer associates with it.


Education

Woods holds a BA from
Harvard Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...
(1994) and an
MPhil The Master of Philosophy (MPhil; Latin ' or ') is a postgraduate degree. In the United States, an MPhil typically includes a taught portion and a significant research portion, during which a thesis project is conducted under supervision. An MPhil m ...
and
PhD PHD or PhD may refer to: * Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), an academic qualification Entertainment * '' PhD: Phantasy Degree'', a Korean comic series * ''Piled Higher and Deeper'', a web comic * Ph.D. (band), a 1980s British group ** Ph.D. (Ph.D. albu ...
from
Columbia Columbia may refer to: * Columbia (personification), the historical female national personification of the United States, and a poetic name for America Places North America Natural features * Columbia Plateau, a geologic and geographic region in ...
(2000), all in history. His thesis became ''The Church Confronts Modernity: Catholic Intellectuals and the Progressive Era,'' which he says "has nothing to do with libertarianism."


Career and views

Woods is a senior fellow of the
Mises Institute Ludwig von Mises Institute for Austrian Economics, or Mises Institute, is a libertarian nonprofit think tank headquartered in Auburn, Alabama, United States. It is named after the Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises (1881–1973). It wa ...
and is on the editorial board for the institute's ''Libertarian Papers''. He was a founding member of the
League of the South The League of the South (LS) is an American white nationalist, neo-Confederate, white supremacist organization, headquartered in Killen, Alabama, which states that its ultimate goal is "a free and independent Southern republic". The group def ...
(see , which he has since denounced. Woods was a Richard M. Weaver Fellow at the Intercollegiate Studies Institute in 1995 and 1996. In August 2020, Woods joined the advisory board of the Mises Caucus political action committee where he continues advising as of April 10, 2022. Woods is the author of 20 books. Two of his books, ''
Politically Incorrect Guide to American History ''The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History'' is a work of paleoconservative literature covering various issues in U.S. history by Thomas E. Woods, published in December 2004. This book was the first in the ''Politically Incorrect Guide ...
'' and ''
Meltdown Meltdown may refer to: Science and technology * Nuclear meltdown, a severe nuclear reactor accident * Meltdown (security vulnerability), affecting computer processors * Mutational meltdown, in population genetics Arts and entertainment Music * Me ...
'' were on ''The New York Times'' Best Seller list in 2005 and 2009, respectively. At the time he wrote ''Politically Incorrect Guide to American History,'' he was teaching at
Suffolk County Community College Suffolk County Community College (SCCC) is a public community college in Selden, New York. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system and is funded in part by Suffolk County, New York. Suffolk County Community College was ...
on
Long Island Long Island is a densely populated island in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of New York (state), New York, part of the New York metropolitan area. With over 8 million people, Long Island is the most populous island in the United Sta ...
, New York. Woods' articles have appeared in publications including '' The American Historical Review'', '' The Christian Science Monitor'', '' Investor's Business Daily'', ''
Modern Age The term modern period or modern era (sometimes also called modern history or modern times) is the period of history that succeeds the Middle Ages (which ended approximately 1500 AD). This terminology is a historical periodization that is applie ...
'', '' American Studies'', ''
Journal of Markets & Morality The Acton Institute for the Study of Religion and Liberty is an American research and educational institution, or think tank, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, (with an office in Rome) whose stated mission is "to promote a free and virtuous society ch ...
'', '' New Oxford Review'', ''
The Freeman ''The Freeman'' (formerly published as ''The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty'' or ''Ideas on Liberty'') was an American libertarian magazine, formerly published by the Foundation for Economic Education (FEE). It was founded in 1950 by John Chamberl ...
'', '' The Independent Review'', ''Journal des Économistes et des Études Humaines'', ''
AD2000 The Joshua Project is a Christian organization based in Colorado Springs, United States, which seeks to coordinate the work of missionary organizations to track the ethnic groups of the world with the fewest followers of evangelical Christianity. ...
'', '' Crisis'', '' Human Rights Review'', ''
Catholic Historical Review ''The Catholic Historical Review'' (CHR) is the official organ of the American Catholic Historical Association. It was established at The Catholic University of America in 1915 by Thomas Joseph Shahan and Peter Guilday and is published quarterly by ...
'', the '' Catholic Social Science Review'', '' The Latin Mass: A Journal of Catholic Culture'', and '' The American Conservative''. Woods is a
Rothbardian Murray Newton Rothbard (; March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an American economist of the Austrian School, economic historian, political theorist, and activist. Rothbard was a central figure in the 20th-century American libertarian m ...
libertarian Libertarianism (from french: libertaire, "libertarian"; from la, libertas, "freedom") is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state's e ...
and anarcho-capitalist.


Libertarianism

which asserts that individual rights, property rights, peace, the free market, and the nonaggression principle are paramount and that collectivism, violence, and coercion should be opposed. Like some anarcho-capitalists,


U.S. Constitution

Woods co-authored ''Who Killed the Constitution?'' with Kevin Gutzman, Professor of History at Western Connecticut State University. Woods and Gutzman criticize what they view as unconstitutional political overreach spanning from World War I to the
Obama administration Barack Obama's tenure as the 44th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2009, and ended on January 20, 2017. A Democrat from Illinois, Obama took office following a decisive victory over Republican ...
. Woods has promoted the views of Lysander Spooner, who argued that
the Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these pri ...
holds no authority because the public has not explicitly consented to it and because the
Federal Government A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government (federalism). In a federation, the self-governin ...
in his view has not followed its obligations and limits. Woods advocates the
compact theory In United States constitutional theory, compact theory is an interpretation of the Constitution which holds that the United States was formed through a compact agreed upon by all the states, and that the federal government is thus a creation of t ...
and promotes the legal theory of nullification, which, he has said, was espoused by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. In his book ''Nullification'', he details the history of and justification for nullification and its adoption by various political movements including abolitionists, slave holders, and those opposed to tariffs. He goes on to suggest nullification as a tool that states can use to check the powers of the federal government. As such, Woods is a supporter of the
Tenth Amendment The Tenth Amendment (Amendment X) to the United States Constitution, a part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, 1791. It expresses the principle of federalism, also known as states' rights, by stating that the federal governmen ...
Center, which aims to resist what it views as federal overreach through state action. Woods views the Bill of Rights as a limitation solely on federal power, and not on the power of the states. In an article for the '' Southern Partisan'' magazine in 1997 Woods writes: "The Bill of Rights, moreover, erroneously invoked by modern Civil Libertarians, was never intended to protect individuals from the state governments. Jefferson is far from alone in insisting that only the federal government is restricted from regulating the press, church-state relations, and so forth. The states may do as they wish in these areas."


Conservatism

In a 2011 interview, Woods said that he entered Harvard as a "middle-of-the-road Republican, the very thing that drives me most berserk today" and then later became a "fully-fledged libertarian." He has criticized those he deems ''neoconservative'' and previously identified himself as
traditional conservative Traditionalist conservatism, often known as classical conservatism, is a political and social philosophy that emphasizes the importance of transcendent moral principles, manifested through certain natural laws to which society should adhere ...
. Woods' ''
Politically Incorrect Guide to American History ''The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History'' is a work of paleoconservative literature covering various issues in U.S. history by Thomas E. Woods, published in December 2004. This book was the first in the ''Politically Incorrect Guide ...
'' has been described as having
neo-Confederate Neo-Confederates are groups and individuals who portray the Confederate States of America and its actions during the American Civil War in a positive light. The League of the South, the Sons of Confederate Veterans and other neo-Confederate organ ...
themes; in it, "Woods contends that slavery was benign", according to the book ''Neo-Confederacy: A Critical Introduction''.'''' It was scathingly reviewed by commentator Max Boot of '' The Weekly Standard.'' Boot accused Woods of being overly sympathetic with Southerners such as
John C. Calhoun John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina who held many important positions including being the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832. He ...
and their belief in a state's right to secede and in state nullification, while exaggerating the militarism of Franklin D. Roosevelt,
Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. A leader of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 34th vice president from January to April 1945 under Franklin ...
, and Bill Clinton. Woods responded by criticizing Boot as an embodiment of "everything that is wrong with modern conservatism." Historian David Greenberg dismissed the book as "a brisk tour of U.S. history from
Colonial Colonial or The Colonial may refer to: * Colonial, of, relating to, or characteristic of a colony or colony (biology) Architecture * American colonial architecture * French Colonial * Spanish Colonial architecture Automobiles * Colonial (1920 a ...
to Clintonian times, filtered through a lens of
far-right Far-right politics, also referred to as the extreme right or right-wing extremism, are political beliefs and actions further to the right of the left–right political spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of being ...
dogma, circa 1939" that is "incorrect in more than just its politics" and that "would be tedious to debunk." Judge James Haley, by contrast, praised the book in the conservative '' Weekly Standard'' as "a compelling rebuttal to the liberal sentiment encrusted upon current history texts."


Anti-Immigration

Woods opposes immigration. He argued in a 1995
The Freeman ''The Freeman'' (formerly published as ''The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty'' or ''Ideas on Liberty'') was an American libertarian magazine, formerly published by the Foundation for Economic Education (FEE). It was founded in 1950 by John Chamberl ...
article "Liberty and Immigration" that libertarians have made a mistake to welcome immigration (legal as well as illegal), because he views open borders to infringe on the property rights of homeowners.


Economics

Woods has been an advocate of hard money, and is critical of the Federal Reserve and other central banks which he views as responsible for unnatural inflation and the business cycle. Economist
Steven Horwitz Steven G. Horwitz (February 7, 1964 – June 27, 2021) was an American economist of the Austrian School. Horwitz was the Distinguished Professor of Free Enterprise in the department of economics in the Miller College of Business at Ball State Un ...
has pointed out that Woods' monetary theory and definitions of inflation and deflation rely on a
Rothbardian Murray Newton Rothbard (; March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an American economist of the Austrian School, economic historian, political theorist, and activist. Rothbard was a central figure in the 20th-century American libertarian m ...
100% reserve requirement, which is not the only perspective in the Austrian School. Woods believes that the
gender pay gap The gender pay gap or gender wage gap is the average difference between the remuneration for men and women who are working. Women are generally found to be paid less than men. There are two distinct numbers regarding the pay gap: non-adjusted ...
results because "women often intend to leave the labor force for extended periods of time in order to have children, they do not consider certain high-paying fields where their knowledge would be obsolete after so long an absence." Woods has been highly critical of Keynesian economics. Woods co-hosted the ''Contra Krugman'' podcast (from September 2015 to June 2020) with economist
Robert P. Murphy Robert Patrick Murphy (born May 23, 1976) is an American economist. Murphy is Research Assistant Professor with the Free Market Institute at Texas Tech University. He has been affiliated with Laffer Associates, the Pacific Research Institute, ...
, which critiqued Nobel Prize winning New Keynesian economist Paul Krugman's '' Times'' columns through the lens of free market Austrian economics and said it taught economics "by uncovering and dissecting the errors of Krugman."


Affiliation with League of the South

In 1994, Woods was a founding member of the
League of the South The League of the South (LS) is an American white nationalist, neo-Confederate, white supremacist organization, headquartered in Killen, Alabama, which states that its ultimate goal is "a free and independent Southern republic". The group def ...
, for which he has been criticized. Woods has argued that the League has changed its politics and was not
racist Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another. It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism ...
or
antisemitic Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism. Antis ...
in 1994. A 2005 article in '' Reason Magazine'' called out Woods for his background in the
neo-Confederate Neo-Confederates are groups and individuals who portray the Confederate States of America and its actions during the American Civil War in a positive light. The League of the South, the Sons of Confederate Veterans and other neo-Confederate organ ...
organization, stating his views meant he was not a libertarian. The author also noted his frequent writing in the group's magazine, ''The Southern Patriot'', up through 1997 and received a quote from Woods stating that he didn't disagree with most of the views he made in said publications. An article in the same year by a member of the ''League of the South'' published in '' The American Conservative'' praised Woods' background in the group, his book, and the views expressed within, especially those concerning the
Confederacy Confederacy or confederate may refer to: States or communities * Confederate state or confederation, a union of sovereign groups or communities * Confederate States of America, a confederation of secessionist American states that existed between ...
and how its defeat was the "defining moment when the United States took its steps towards the abyss of the monstrous centralised state, rootless society and decadent culture that we have today." In 2013, an article by the non-profit
Political Research Associates Political Research Associates (PRA), formerly Midwest Research, Chicago (1981–87) is a non-profit research group located in Somerville, Massachusetts. Mission PRA studies the U.S. political right wing, as well as white supremacists, and para ...
, which studies right-wing white supremacist and extremist groups, noted that Woods was a frequent speaker at
neo-Confederate Neo-Confederates are groups and individuals who portray the Confederate States of America and its actions during the American Civil War in a positive light. The League of the South, the Sons of Confederate Veterans and other neo-Confederate organ ...
events throughout the 1990s and since then, along with contributing to the ''American Secession Project'' started in 2000. The authors noted that a 1997 article written by Woods in the neo-confederate '' Southern Partisan'' magazine had him include in the author byline that he was a "founding member of the League of the South." An article from 2014 in Alan Keyes' ''Renew America'' organization criticized Woods for his "secessionist libertarianism" and his ongoing involvement with members of "the white supremacist League of the South", though pointed out that it was likely he was naive in his viewpoints, but not racist. Woods contended in 2018 that the League was founded as a "decentralist" organization and then later took a "dramatic" and "vicious" turn toward racism and
anti-semitism Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism. Antis ...
. Woods argued: "To show that the organization has undergone a dramatic change, I don't exactly need to hire a private detective. The League’s president himself wrote of having made a 'conscious change' to the League, such that 'we have radicalized by openly and directly addressing the Negro Question and the Jew Question.' Here is express admission of what was already obvious to anyone of good will: this is not the League Jeffrey Tucker and I joined in 1994. Anyone who says otherwise has no idea what he’s talking about. This in fact is why all the PhDs present at the League’s founding, including one of the world’s top David Hume scholars, by all accounts, are long gone – as even the Southern Poverty Law Center now concedes." In an interview with Reason TV's
Matt Welch Matthew Lee Welch (born July 31, 1968) is an American blogger, journalist, author, and libertarian political pundit. Early life Welch was born on July 31, 1968 in Bellflower, California. He was raised in Long Beach, California. He attended UC ...
, Woods stated, "Anyone who knows or listens to me, knows I would not be involved with anything sinister. The problem is I will not apologize because the group I joined were a bunch of nerdy academics like me and there was nothing wrong with that group. I could save myself an enormous amount of grief if I would apologize but I will not apologize for this because I am sick and tired of cowards who give in to this type of pressure."


COVID-19

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Woods has criticized public health measures meant to control the spread of COVID-19, questioning their efficacy and expounding on the supposed dangers of social distancing, masking, and mandatory lockdowns. His claims in a November 7, 2020, speech ''Dangers of the Covid Cult'' opposing these
non-pharmaceutical interventions A non-pharmaceutical intervention or non-pharmacological intervention (NPI) is any type of health intervention which is not primarily based on medication. Some examples include exercise, sleep improvement, or dietary habits. Non-pharmacologica ...
were labeled misleading and rebutted by ''Health Feedback'' (a member of WHO's
Vaccine Safety Net Vaccine Safety Net (VSN) is a global network of websites aimed at helping people judge the quality of online information on vaccine safety. It was established in 2003 by the World Health Organization (WHO), which had previously set up the indepen ...
), which Woods disputed. YouTube removed the
Mises Institute Ludwig von Mises Institute for Austrian Economics, or Mises Institute, is a libertarian nonprofit think tank headquartered in Auburn, Alabama, United States. It is named after the Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises (1881–1973). It wa ...
's upload of the video for violating the website's policy on medical misinformation. On April 6, 2022, Woods called for "a full-blown book-length demolition of what '' public health'' has been up to for the past half century."


''The Tom Woods Show''

Woods conducts interviews on economic topics, foreign policy, and history in his daily podcast, ''The Tom Woods Show'', since September 2013.


Awards

Woods received the 2019 Hayek Lifetime Achievement Award from the Austrian Economics Center in Vienna and awards from the Independent Institute and the Institute for Humane Studies at
George Mason University George Mason University (George Mason, Mason, or GMU) is a public research university in Fairfax County, Virginia with an independent City of Fairfax, Virginia postal address in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area. The university was origin ...
. Between 1995 and 2005, he was awarded $8,000 from the Earhart Foundation. His book ''The Church and the Market: A Catholic Defense of the Free Economy'' (2005) won the $50,000 first prize in the 2006 Templeton Enterprise Awards.


Personal life

Woods is Roman Catholic. In 1994, he married his first wife Heather, with whom he had two daughters. In 2020 he announced his engagement to Jenna Laino, and the two were married in 2022.


Bibliography


As author

* ''The Great Façade: Vatican II and the Regime of Novelty in the Catholic Church'' (co-authored with
Christopher Ferrara Christopher A. Ferrara (born 1952) is an American Roman Catholic lawyer, anti-abortion activist, political pundit, and writer. He is the founder and president of the American Catholic Lawyers Association. He is also a regular columnist of The Rem ...
; 2002) * ''The Church Confronts Modernity: Catholic Intellectuals and the Progressive Era'' (2004) * ''
The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History ''The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History'' is a work of paleoconservative literature covering various issues in U.S. history by Thomas E. Woods, published in December 2004. This book was the first in the '' Politically Incorrect Gui ...
'' (2004) * ''The Church and the Market: A Catholic Defense of the Free Economy'' (2005) * ''How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization'' (2005) * ''33 Questions About American History You're Not Supposed to Ask'' (2007) * ''Sacred Then and Sacred Now: The Return of the Old Latin Mass'' (2007)Also o
audio book
, as read by the author Thomas Woods.
* ''Who Killed the Constitution?: The Fate of American Liberty from World War I to George W. Bush'' (co-authored with Kevin Gutzman; 2008) () * ''Beyond Distributism'' (2008),
Acton Institute The Acton Institute for the Study of Religion and Liberty is an American research and educational institution, or think tank, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, (with an office in Rome) whose stated mission is "to promote a free and virtuous society ch ...
. * ''
Meltdown Meltdown may refer to: Science and technology * Nuclear meltdown, a severe nuclear reactor accident * Meltdown (security vulnerability), affecting computer processors * Mutational meltdown, in population genetics Arts and entertainment Music * Me ...
: A Free-Market Look at Why the Stock Market Collapsed, the Economy Tanked, and Government Bailouts Will Make Things Worse'' (February 2009) () * ''Nullification: How to Resist Federal Tyranny in the 21st Century '' (2010) * ''Rollback: Repealing Big Government Before the Coming Fiscal Collapse'' (2011) * ''Real Dissent: A Libertarian Sets Fire to the Index Card of Allowable Opinion'' (2014) * several free eBooks


As editor

* * * * (Co-edited with
Murray Polner Murray Polner (March 15, 1928 – May 30, 2019) was an American editor and author. He was the founding editor of ''Present Tense'', a job he held for the entire two decades that the magazine was published. He was an anti-Vietnam War activist and a ...
.) *


References


External links


Official website
(includes the ''Tom Woods Show'' podcast) * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Woods, Thomas 1972 births Living people 21st-century American historians 21st-century American essayists 21st-century American male writers 21st-century American non-fiction writers 21st-century Roman Catholics American anti-communists American anarcho-capitalists American columnists American economists American libertarians American male non-fiction writers American podcasters American political commentators American political writers American traditionalist Catholics American writers of Armenian descent Catholics from Massachusetts Catholic libertarians Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism Critics of neoconservatism Harvard College alumni Historians from Massachusetts Historians of the United States Historians of the Catholic Church Libertarian historians Libertarian theorists Mises Institute people Neo-Confederates Right-libertarianism People from Melrose, Massachusetts Suffolk County Community College faculty Traditionalist Catholic writers League of the South Jeffersonian democracy