Thomas Henry Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill (13 October 193311 September 2010) was a British judge who was successively Master of the Rolls, Lord Chief Justice and Senior Law Lord. On his death in 2010, he was described as the greatest judge of his generation. Baroness Hale of Richmond observed that his pioneering role in the formation of the United Kingdom Supreme Court may be his most important and long-lasting legacy.Mads Andenas and Duncan Fairgrieve, ''Tom Bingham and the Transformation of the Law'' (2009) p 209. The Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers regarded Bingham as "one of the two great legal figures of my lifetime in the law" (the other figure, in context, being Lord Denning).Mads Andenas and Duncan Fairgrieve, ''Tom Bingham and the Transformation of the Law'' (2009) xlvii. Lord Hope of Craighead described Bingham as "the greatest jurist of our time". After retiring from the judiciary in 2008, Bingham focused on teaching, writing, and lecturing on legal subjects, particularly the law of

human rights Human rights are universally recognized Morality, moral principles or Social norm, norms that establish standards of human behavior and are often protected by both Municipal law, national and international laws. These rights are considered ...

. His book, ''The Rule of Law'', was published in 2010 and he was posthumously awarded the 2011 Orwell Prize for literature. The British Institute of International and Comparative Law named the ''Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law'' in his honour.

Early life

Bingham was born at

Marylebone Marylebone (usually , also ) is an area in London, England, and is located in the City of Westminster. It is in Central London and part of the West End. Oxford Street forms its southern boundary. An ancient parish and latterly a metropo ...

in London. His parents, Thomas Henry (1901–1981) and Catherine Bingham (''née'' Watterson; 1903–1989), practised as doctors in

Reigate Reigate ( ) is a town status in the United Kingdom, town in Surrey, England, around south of central London. The settlement is recorded in Domesday Book of 1086 as ''Cherchefelle'', and first appears with its modern name in the 1190s. The ea ...

Surrey Surrey () is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Greater London to the northeast, Kent to the east, East Sussex, East and West Sussex to the south, and Hampshire and Berkshire to the wes ...

. His father was born in

Belfast Belfast (, , , ; from ) is the capital city and principal port of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan and connected to the open sea through Belfast Lough and the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel ...

, a kinsman of the Earls of Lucan; his mother was from

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

before being raised on the

Isle of Man The Isle of Man ( , also ), or Mann ( ), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. As head of state, Charles III holds the title Lord of Mann and is represented by a Lieutenant Govern ...

. He was educated at The Hawthorns prep school at Bletchingley,

, where he was Head Boy, and then from 1947 the Cumbrian public school

Sedbergh School Sedbergh School is a Public school (United Kingdom), public school (English Private schools in the United Kingdom, private boarding school, boarding and day school, day school) in the town of Sedbergh in Cumbria, North West England. It comprise ...

(Winder House), where he was described as the "brightest boy in 100 years". He enjoyed history, took up fell-walking, and developed a strong attachment to the

Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the State religion#State churches, established List of Christian denominations, Christian church in England and the Crown Dependencies. It is the mother church of the Anglicanism, Anglican Christian tradition, ...

; he was a Head of House and a School Prefect. He won an open scholarship to

Balliol College, Oxford Balliol College () is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded in 1263 by nobleman John I de Balliol, it has a claim to be the oldest college in Oxford and the English-speaking world. With a governing body of a master and aro ...

, first undertaking National Service from 1952 to 1954, as a second lieutenant in the Royal Ulster Rifles serving in Hong Kong. He enjoyed his time in the

Army An army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by ...

and considered pursuing a military career before opting to serve in the Territorial Army for the next five years. He went up to Oxford in 1954 and initially read Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, but after two terms switched to

History History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the Human history, human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some t ...

. He was awarded one of the first William Coolidge Pathfinder Awards and spent the summer of 1955 in the US. He entered

Gray's Inn The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn, commonly known as Gray's Inn, is one of the four Inns of Court (professional associations for barristers and judges) in London. To be called to the bar in order to practise as a barrister in England and Wale ...

during his second year at

Oxford Oxford () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the List of oldest universities in continuou ...

, with a view to becoming a

barrister A barrister is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdiction (area), jurisdictions. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include arguing cases in courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, jurisprud ...

. He was elected President of Balliol Junior Common Room in his third year. He won the Gibbs Prize for Modern History in 1957 and was awarded first-class honours in finals. He also tried, unsuccessfully, for fellowship by examination at All Souls College. After graduation, he read for the Bar as Eldon Law Scholar and achieved a Certificate of Honour, coming top of Bar finals in 1959. In 1963, he married Elizabeth Loxley, a Somerville graduate whose great-uncle was Major Gerald Loxley, of the Loxley family of Northcott Court, Hertfordshire; they had one daughter Catherine Elizabeth (born 1965), known as Kate, and two sons Thomas Henry (Harry, born 1967) and Christopher Toby (Kit, born 1969). Kate has been married since 1992 to Jesse Norman, then a Conservative government minister. In 1965, Bingham and his wife Elizabeth acquired a cottage at Cornhill, near Boughrood in

Powys Powys ( , ) is a Principal areas of Wales, county and Preserved counties of Wales, preserved county in Wales. It borders Gwynedd, Denbighshire, and Wrexham County Borough, Wrexham to the north; the English Ceremonial counties of England, ceremo ...

; he died there in 2010.

Early career

Bingham was

called to the Bar The call to the bar is a legal term of art in most common law jurisdictions where persons must be qualified to be allowed to argue in court on behalf of another party and are then said to have been "called to the bar" or to have received "call to ...

by Gray's Inn, and was a pupil barrister under Judge Owen Stable QC in the chambers of Leslie Scarman at 2 Crown Office Row, which later moved to Fountain Court Chambers: within a few months, he was invited to become a tenant at the chambers. He took silk in 1972, becoming

Queen's Counsel A King's Counsel (Post-nominal letters, post-nominal initials KC) is a senior lawyer appointed by the monarch (or their Viceroy, viceregal representative) of some Commonwealth realms as a "Counsel learned in the law". When the reigning monarc ...

aged just 38 and the youngest that year, having served as

Standing Standing, also referred to as orthostasis, is a position in which the body is held in an upright (orthostatic) position and supported only by the feet. Although seemingly static, the body rocks slightly back and forth from the ankle in the ...

Counsel A counsel or a counsellor at law is a person who gives advice and deals with various issues, particularly in legal matters. It is a title often used interchangeably with the title of ''lawyer''. The word ''counsel'' can also mean advice given ...

at the Department of Employment for four years from 1968. He was Counsel to the judicial inquiry into an explosion at a chemical plant at Flixborough in 1974 which killed 28 people. In 1977, when still at the Bar, he rose to public attention when he was appointed by the then-Foreign Secretary Dr. David Owen to head a public enquiry into alleged breaches of UN sanctions by oil companies in

Rhodesia Rhodesia ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Rhodesia from 1970, was an unrecognised state, unrecognised state in Southern Africa that existed from 1965 to 1979. Rhodesia served as the ''de facto'' Succession of states, successor state to the ...

. He was appointed a Recorder in 1975, and became a

Bencher A bencher or Master of the Bench is a senior member of an Inn of Court in England and Wales or the Inns of Court in Northern Ireland, or the Honorable Society of King's Inns in Ireland. Benchers hold office for life once elected. A bencher c ...

of Gray's Inn in 1978. He was promoted to High Court Judge of the Queen’s Bench Division in April 1980, aged 46, and assigned to the Commercial Court, receiving the customary knighthood. He was further promoted to the

Court of Appeal An appellate court, commonly called a court of appeal(s), appeal court, court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to Hearing (law), hear a Legal case, case upon appeal from a trial court or other ...

in 1986, joining the Privy Council. In 1991, he led a high-profile inquiry into the collapse of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI).

Senior judicial career

Bingham succeeded Lord Donaldson as Master of the Rolls in 1992 and initiated significant reforms, including a move towards the replacement of certain oral hearings in major civil law cases. He was one of the first senior judges to give public support to incorporation of the

European Convention on Human Rights The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR; formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is a Supranational law, supranational convention to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe. Draf ...

into

English law English law is the common law list of national legal systems, legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly English criminal law, criminal law and Civil law (common law), civil law, each branch having its own Courts of England and Wales, ...

, which ultimately came about with the passing of the

Human Rights Act 1998 The Human Rights Act 1998 (c. 42) is an Act of Parliament (United Kingdom), Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom which received royal assent on 9 November 1998, and came into force on 2 October 2000. Its aim was to incorporate into UK law the ...

. Bingham was appointed

Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales The Lord or Lady Chief Justice of England and Wales is the head of the judiciary of England and Wales and the president of the courts of England and Wales. Until 2005 the lord chief justice was the second-most senior judge of the English and ...

in 1996, following Lord Taylor. In

England and Wales England and Wales () is one of the Law of the United Kingdom#Legal jurisdictions, three legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom. It covers the constituent countries England and Wales and was formed by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. Th ...

, he was the highest-ranking judge in regular courtroom service; he was personally responsible for adding "and Wales" to the title of the office. He was created a

life peer In the United Kingdom, life peers are appointed members of the peerage whose titles cannot be inherited, in contrast to hereditary peers. Life peers are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister. With the exception of the D ...

as Baron Bingham of Cornhill, of Boughrood in the County of

, on 4 June 1996. He continued as Lord Chief Justice until 2000 when he was appointed Senior Law Lord. This position had customarily been held by the longest-serving

Law Lord Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, commonly known as Law Lords, were judges appointed under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 to the British House of Lords, as a committee of the House, effectively to exercise the judicial functions of the House of ...

. Bingham was followed in the office of Lord Chief Justice by Lord Woolf, who had succeeded him as Master of the Rolls in 1996. Bingham was a strong advocate of divorcing the judicial branch of the

House of Lords The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the lower house, the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. One of the oldest ext ...

from its legislative functions by setting up a new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, which was accomplished under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. The title of the office he held was redesignated as "President of the Supreme Court" upon that court's establishment in October 2009, after Bingham had retired in July 2008. He is understood to have been "very sorry" not to serve as its inaugural president. Bingham oversaw an increasing workload of constitutional affairs after Scottish devolution, and human rights matters after the Human Rights Act came into force, and assembled the first nine-judge panels for important cases since 1910, including the '' Belmarsh Case'' in December 2004 which reviewed the regime for indefinite detention of foreign nationals suspected of involvement in

terrorism Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war aga ...

who could not be deported due to the risk of torture in their home countries, holding that the regimes might breach the Human Rights Act. Bingham was one of two Law Lords to dissent from the decision to overturn the High Court and Court of Appeal decisions to quash an Order-in-Council, dismissing all impediments to the rights of the Chagos Islanders to return home. Bingham also presided over various decisions of the

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) is the highest court of appeal for the Crown Dependencies, the British Overseas Territories, some Commonwealth countries and a few institutions in the United Kingdom. Established on 14 August ...

upholding the finding that death penalties in

Belize Belize is a country on the north-eastern coast of Central America. It is bordered by Mexico to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Guatemala to the west and south. It also shares a maritime boundary with Honduras to the southeast. P ...

, St Lucia, St Kitts and the

Bahamas The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an archipelagic and island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean. It contains 97 per cent of the archipelago's land area and 88 per cent of its population. ...

were unconstitutional.

Honours

Bingham was awarded the degree of Doctor of Civil Law ''honoris causa'' by the

University of Oxford The University of Oxford is a collegiate university, collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the List of oldest un ...

in 1994. From 2001 to 2008, Bingham held the office of High Steward of the

, its second-highest office in the academic hierarchy, and in 2003 he came second to Chris Patten (now Lord Patten) in the election for

Chancellor Chancellor () is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separa ...

. Bingham served as the Visitor of

, from 1986 to 2010. As Master of the Rolls, Bingham served on the Advisory Council on Public Records, the Magna Carta Trust, and the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. He was a Trustee of the Pilgrim Trust for 15 years and an Honorary Fellow of the

British Academy The British Academy for the Promotion of Historical, Philosophical and Philological Studies is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. It was established in 1902 and received its royal charter in the sa ...

from 2003. In 2005, he was advanced from

Knight Bachelor The title of Knight Bachelor is the basic rank granted to a man who has been knighted by the monarch but not inducted as a member of one of the organised Order of chivalry, orders of chivalry; it is a part of the Orders, decorations, and medals ...

to the Garter, an honour in the personal gift of the Sovereign and seldom bestowed upon

judge A judge is a person who wiktionary:preside, presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a judicial panel. In an adversarial system, the judge hears all the witnesses and any other Evidence (law), evidence presented by the barris ...

s, being installed as a Knight Companion of the Garter with Lady Soames and Sir John Major. He also served as president and chairman of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, which established in 2010 the Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law in his honour. On 16 November 2006, Bingham delivered the sixth annual Sir David Williams Lecture, hosted by the Centre for Public Law at the Faculty of Law of the

University of Cambridge The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209, the University of Cambridge is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, wo ...

; this lecture was entitled "The Rule of Law". On 17 January 2008, Bingham presented the annual Hansard Lecture at the

University of Southampton The University of Southampton (abbreviated as ''Soton'' in post-nominal letters) is a public university, public research university in Southampton, England. Southampton is a founding member of the Russell Group of research-intensive universit ...

. On 14 March 2008, Bingham received the degree of Doctor of Jurisprudence ''honoris causa'' from the University of Rome III, after delivering the ''Lectio Magistralis'' at the Faculty of Law entitle
"The Rule of Law"
In 2009, Bingham became involved with Reprieve, a UK charity, as well as delivering the fourth annual Jan Grodecki Lecture at the

University of Leicester The University of Leicester ( ) is a public university, public research university based in Leicester, England. The main campus is south of the city centre, adjacent to Victoria Park, Leicester, Victoria Park. The university's predecessor, Univ ...

, entitled ''The House of Lords: Its Future''.

Retirement

Bingham remained active in retirement. On 17 November 2008, in his first major speech since retiring as Senior Law Lord, Bingham, addressing the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, disputed the legality of the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries. He said that the invasion and occupation of Iraq was "a serious violation of international law", and he accused Britain and the US of acting like a "world vigilante". In June 2009, Bingham was interviewed by the British legal journalist Joshua Rozenberg on the subject of the rule of law in international affairs, an event arranged to raise awareness of the Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. Bingham's thoughts on this subject, in particular banning of certain weapons in international conflict, were covered by various newspapers ''

The Independent ''The Independent'' is a British online newspaper. It was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the ''Indy'', it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was publis ...

'' ("Top judge: ''use of drones intolerable''") and ''The

Daily Telegraph ''The Daily Telegraph'', known online and elsewhere as ''The Telegraph'', is a British daily broadsheet conservative newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed in the United Kingdom and internationally. It was foun ...

'' ("''Unmanned drones could be banned'', says senior judge"). Bingham gav
another interview
concerning the rule of law and matters pertaining to the "British Constitution" with the charity, the Constitution Society.Constitution Society website
consoc.org.uk; accessed 28 March 2016. His book, ''The Rule of Law'', was published by Allen Lane in 2010; it won the 2011 Orwell Prize for

Literature Literature is any collection of Writing, written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially novels, Play (theatre), plays, and poetry, poems. It includes both print and Electroni ...

Death

Diagnosed with lung cancer in 2009 (he was a non-smoker), Bingham died the following year, and is buried at St Cynog's Church at Boughrood in

, Wales. His memorial service was held at Westminster Abbey on 25 May 2011 with the Adamant New Orleans Marching Band playing '' When the Saints Go Marching In''.

Judgments

;High Court *'' Bank of Tokyo Ltd v Karoon'' 987AC 45n, piercing the corporate veil ;Court of Appeal *'' Attia v British Gas Plc'' 988QB 304, expanding the scope of psychiatric injury to relate to property *'' Al-Kandari v JR Brown & Co'' 988QB 665, no duty of care owed by a solicitor to the client's adversary *'' R v Secretary of State, ex parte Factortame Ltd (No 1)'' (22 March 1989) part of the Factortame saga establishing the principle of EU law supremacy where the UK has delegated sovereignty under the treaties *'' Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd'' 989QB 433, the more onerous a contractual term the more candid notice must be to qualify as reasonable *'' The Aramis'' 9891 Lloyd’s Rep 213, the test for an implied contractual obligation is that it is necessary to reflect the business parties' expectations *'' Blackpool & Fylde Aero Club v Blackpool Borough Council'' 9901 WLR 1195, an implied contractual duty to consider tender offers arose on the facts to reflect the intentions objectively manifested by the parties *'' Caparo Industries plc v Dickman'' 9902 AC 605, the leading tort case on the duty of care ;Court of Appeal (as the Master of the Rolls) *'' Hyundai Merchant Marine Co Ltd v Gesuri Chartering Co Ltd'' or '' The Peonia''

991 Year 991 (Roman numerals, CMXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. Events * March 1: In Rouen, Pope John XV ratifies the first Peace and Truce of God, Truce of God, between Æthelred the Unready and Richard I o ...

1 Lloyd’s Rep 100, damages for late delivery of shipping goods are the difference between the market and the charter rate *'' Pitt v PHH Asset Management Ltd'' 9941 WLR 327, lockout agreements are enforceable *'' Ex Parte Unilever'', an

administrative law Administrative law is a division of law governing the activities of government agency, executive branch agencies of government. Administrative law includes executive branch rulemaking (executive branch rules are generally referred to as "regul ...

case concerning judicial review stating "the categories of unfairness are not closed, and precedent should act as a guide, not a cage" *'' White Arrow Express Ltd v Lamey’s Distribution Ltd'' 996Trading Law Reports 69, remarks on non-pecuniary losses ;House of Lords *'' Lubbe v Cape Plc'' 0001 WLR 1545, conflict of laws and sidestepping the corporate veil for tort victims *'' Reynolds v Times Newspapers Ltd'' 0012 AC 127, qualified privilege *'' Director General of Fair Trading v First National Bank plc'' [2001
UKHL 52
test of good faith in unfair contract term cases (not breached here) *''Dextra Bank & Trust Company Limited v Bank of Jamaica'' [2002
UKPC 50
*''Johnson v Gore Wood & Co'' [2002] 2 AC 1, on reflective loss and ''

res judicata ''Res judicata'' or ''res iudicata'', also known as claim preclusion, is the Latin term for ''judged matter'', and refers to either of two concepts in common law civil procedure: a case in which there has been a final judgment and that is no lon ...

'' *'' Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd'' [2002
UKHL 22
material increase in risk test of causation for victims of asbestos related torts *''Transco plc v Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council'' [2003
UKHL 61
the firm affirmation of ''Rylands v Fletcher'' strict liability for nuisance in English law *'' HIH Casualty and General Insurance Ltd v Chase Manhattan Bank'' 003UKHL 6, exclusion of liability for fraudulent misrepresentation in English law *'' R v G'' UKHL 50
abolishing Caldwell recklessness">003
UKHL 50
abolishing Caldwell recklessness *''Chester v Afshar'' [2004
UKHL 41
a patient's right to be fully informed about the risks involved in a medical procedure *'' A and others v Secretary of State for the Home Department'' 004UKHL 56, illegality of indefinite detention *'' Doe v Secretary of State for the Home Department'' 004UKHL 26, freedom of conscience *'' R v Wang'' 0051 WLR 661, 005UKHL 9, 0051 All ER 782, 0052 Cr App R 8, 'there are no circumstances in which a judge is entitled to direct a jury to return a verdict of guilty' *'' R (Williamson) v Secretary of State for Education and Employment'' 005UKHL 15, "the means chosen to achieve this aim are appropriate and not disproportionate in their adverse impact on parents who believe that carefully-controlled administration of corporal punishment to a mild degree can be beneficial

*''

Jackson v Attorney General ''R (Jackson) v Attorney General'' [2005UKHL 56is a Judicial functions of the House of Lords, House of Lords case noted for containing ''obiter'' comments by the judiciary acting in their official capacity suggesting that there may be limits to ...

'' 005UKHL 56, challenge to the fox hunting ban using the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 *''R (Begum) v Governors of Denbigh High School'' [2006
UKHL 15
no right to wear any religious dress regardless of a well consulted school uniform policy *'' Kay v Lambeth London Borough Council'' (2006), on evictions *'' Golden Strait Corporation v Nippon Yusen Kubishka Kaisha'' [2007
UKHL 12
measure of damages for breach of contract *''R (Bancoult) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (No 2)'' [2008] UKHL 61 *''R v Davis'' [2008] UKHL 36, anonymity of witness evidence *''R (Daly) v Secretary of State for the Home Department'' 001UKHL 26 "The infringement of prisoners' rights to maintain the confidentiality of their privileged legal correspondence is greater than is shown to be necessary to serve the legitimate public objectives already identified"

Publications

Legacy

In 2010, shortly before Bingham died, the British Institute of International and Comparative Law established ''The Bingham Centre for the Rule of Law'', a body solely dedicated to the promotion and enhancement of the

rule of law The essence of the rule of law is that all people and institutions within a Body politic, political body are subject to the same laws. This concept is sometimes stated simply as "no one is above the law" or "all are equal before the law". Acco ...

worldwide. In an interview on 7 February 2014, Nick Phillips, successor to Bingham as Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, remarked that "...Tom Bingham was the most wonderful man; he was head and shoulders above everybody else in the Law, in my view...yes, just outstanding...his clarity of thought, his academic knowledge. I think almost everyone would say that he was, you know, the great lawyer of his generation."

Arms

Notes

References

Iraq war 'violated rule of law
BBC NEWS * Stephen Sedley, 'Bingham, Thomas Henry, Baron Bingham of Cornhill (1933–2010)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Jan 201
accessed 10 July 2014

External links

Interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 31 March 2009 (video)

'Notable judgements of Lord Bingham', ''Chambers Student Guide 2011''

'British Institute of International and Comparative Law'

'Thomas Bingham Chambers'
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bingham, Thomas 1933 births 2010 deaths People educated at Sedbergh School Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford Bingham, Thomas Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill 20th-century King's Counsel 21st-century King's Counsel English King's Counsel Knights Bachelor Bingham of Cornhill 20th-century English judges Bingham of Cornhill Masters of the Rolls Bingham of Cornhill, Thomas Henry, Baron Knights of the Garter Bingham of Cornhill, Thomas Henry, Baron Fellows of King's College London Queen's Bench Division judges Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council Deaths from lung cancer in Wales Attorneys-general of the Duchy of Lancaster English people of Irish descent Lord justices of appeal 21st-century English judges Honorary Fellows of the British Academy Life peers created by Elizabeth II