The Tolupan or Jicaque people are an indigenous ethnic group of
Honduras
Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Oce ...
, primarily inhabiting the northwest coast of Honduras
["Jicaque."]
''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' (retrieved 2 Dec 2011) and the community in central Honduras.
Culture
The Jicaque or Tolupan are an
agrarian people, who raise beans,
maize
Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...
, and sweet and bitter
manioc
''Manihot esculenta'', commonly called cassava (), manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America. Although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively cultivated a ...
. They also fish, hunt, and raise livestock. They are
polygamous
Crimes
Polygamy (from Late Greek (') "state of marriage to many spouses") is the practice of marriage, marrying multiple spouses. When a man is married to more than one wife at the same time, sociologists call this polygyny. When a woman is ...
. Culturally, they are similar to the
Miskito Miskito may refer to:
* Miskito people, ethnic group in Honduras and Nicaragua
** Miskito Sambu, branch of Miskito people with African admixture
** Tawira Miskito, branch of Miskito people of largely indigenous origin
* Miskito language, original la ...
and
Sumo people
The Mayangna (also known as Sumu or Sumo) are a people who live on the eastern coasts of Nicaragua and Honduras, an area commonly known as the Mosquito Coast. Their preferred autonym is Mayangna, as the name "Sumo" is a derogatory name historicall ...
.
[
]
History
In the 19th century, a Roman Catholic missionary, Manuel Jesús de Subirian, encouraged many Jicaque to assimilate into mainstream culture, settle in villages, and grow maize. The other Jicaque who maintained their traditional lifeways lived in Montaña de la Flor, and ultimately the Honduran government granted them a 760-hectare reservation.["Jicaque."]
''Countries and Their Cultures.'' (retrieved 2 Dec 2011)
Synonymy
The Jicaque are also called the Cicaque, Hicaque, Ikake, Taguaca, Taupane, Tol, Tolpan, Torrupan, or Xicaque people.[
]
Honors
A species of Honduran snake, '' Rhadinella tolpanorum'', is named in honor of the Tolupan people.[Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . ("Tolpan", p. 266).]
Notes
Further reading
* Chapman, Anne (1984). "''Tolupan de la Montaña de la flor: otra cultura que desaparece''". ''America Indigena'' 44 (3): 467-484. (in Spanish).
*Chapman, Anne (1981). "''Organizacion dual entre los jicaques (tol) de la Montaña de la Flor, Honduras''". ''Yaxkin'' 4 (1): 57-67. (in Spanish).
*Chapman, Anne (1978). "''Les Enfants des la Mort: Univers Mythique des Indiens Tolupan (Jicaque)''". ''Mission Archaeologique et Ethnologique Français Au Mexique''. (in French).
*Chapman, Anne (1970). "''Chamanisme et magie des ficelles chez les Tolupan (Jicaque) du Honduras''". ''Journal de la Societé des Américanistes'' 59: 43-64. (in French).
*Chavez Borjas, Manuel (1984)."'' Cultura jicaque y el proyecto de desarrollo indigena en Yoro''". ''America Indigena'' 44 (3): 589-612. (in Spanish).
*Davidson, William (1984). "''Padre Subirana y las tierras concedidas a los indios hondureños en el siglo XIX'' ". ''America Indigena'' 44 (3): 447-459. (in Spanish).
*Davidson, William. (1985
"''Geografía de los indígenas toles (jicaques) de Honduras en el siglo XVIII'' "
"Geography of the Tol (Jicaque) Indians in eighteenth century Honduras" ''Mesoamerica'' 9: 58-90. (in Spanish).
*Royce de Denis, Margaret (1986). "''Programa de alfabetizacion bilingue entre los Tolupanes de la Montaña de la flor'' ". ''Yaxkin'' 9: 17-28. (in Spanish).
*Steward, Julian H (1948)
Handbook of South American Indians
Volume 4: The Circum-Caribbean Tribes. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 143, 60-61.
*von Hagen, Victor (1943). ''The Jicaque (Torupan) Indians of Honduras''. Indian Notes and Monographs 53. New York: Heye Foundation.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tolupan People
Circum-Caribbean tribes
Indigenous peoples in Honduras
Indigenous peoples of Central America
Mesoamerican cultures