The Tolsey Museum is a local museum in the town of

Burford Burford () is a town on the River Windrush, in the Cotswolds, Cotswold hills, in the West Oxfordshire district of Oxfordshire, England. It is often referred to as the 'gateway' to the Cotswolds. Burford is located west of Oxford and southeas ...

, west

Oxfordshire Oxfordshire is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the north west of South East England. It is a mainly rural county, with its largest settlement being the city of Oxford. The county is a centre of research and development, primarily ...

, England. It is located a Tudor style structure, known as The Tolsey, which was formerly the market hall and town hall of Burford. It is a Grade II*

listed building In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...

History

The building

The Tolsey was designed in the Tudor style, built using half-timbering techniques and was completed in 1520. Surveys using dendrology have dated the timbers back to 1525 although the first documented reference to the building was not until 1561. The building was raised on stone pillars so that markets could be held, with an assembly room on the first floor. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with two bays facing onto the High Street; the first floor was fenestrated by

bay window A bay window is a window space projecting outward from the main walls of a building and forming a bay in a room. Types Bay window is a generic term for all protruding window constructions, regardless of whether they are curved or angular, or r ...

s and surmounted by gables. The ground floor was the place for wool merchants to meet in medieval times. Tolls for the use of the market facilities and taxes were also collected on behalf of the

lord of the manor Lord of the Manor is a title that, in Anglo-Saxon England, referred to the landholder of a rural estate. The lord enjoyed manorial rights (the rights to establish and occupy a residence, known as the manor house and demesne) as well as seig ...

. The assembly room was used as a venue for borough court hearings and also operated as the local town hall. The room was furnished with a chair, a table and a chest of drawers bearing the

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central ele ...

of Burford Corporation. A lock-up for petty criminals was established at the rear of the building in the late 16th century, a projecting beam which supported a clock, with a bell suspended below, was installed in the right-hand gable in the 17th century, and a horse drawn fire engine was acquired for the town and stored on the ground floor in the late 18th century. After Burford Corporation was disbanded in 1861, ownership of the building was transferred to trustees. The building fell into a state of disrepair in the first half of the 20th century although it was extensively refurbished in 1955.

The museum

The building was re-opened as a local history museum in 1960 and it was recorded as such in the BBC Domesday Project in 1986. The collection includes items of local history, culture, and industry and exhibits include the town maces, charters and some seals of guilds, a doll's house, and objects related to the brewing, rope-making, and stone quarrying industries.

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