The Tolima dove (''Leptotila conoveri'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

Taxonomy and systematics

The Tolima dove is monotypic. It is closely related to the grey-chested dove (''Leptotila cassinii'') and ochre-bellied dove (''Leptotila ochraceiventris''), and might form a superspecies with them.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021

Description

The Tolima dove is long. It has a blue-gray to dark gray crown and a reddish hindneck with a violet gloss. Its upper mantle is reddish gray overlain with iridescent violet and the rest of the upperparts are dark gray with purple iridescence. The wings are browner and the tail is slaty with white tips on the outer feathers. The throat is white and the breast reddish pink with a sharp division between it and the buff lower breast and belly.Baptista, L. F., P. W. Trail, H. M. Horblit, P. F. D. Boesman, E. de Juana, E. F. J. Garcia, and C. J. Sharpe (2020). Tolima Dove (''Leptotila conoveri''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.toldov1.01 retrieved September 23, 2021

Distribution and habitat

The Tolima dove was believed to be limited to the eastern slope of Colombia's central Andes in Tolima and Huila Departments. In 2014 it was discovered in Cundinamarca Department in the eastern Andes. It mostly inhabits the interior and edges of humid subtropical forest, in an elevation range of . However, in the canyon of the Combeima River it is found in disturbed areas including coffee plantations and near human habitation.

Behavior

Feeding

The Tolima dove has been reported as feeding mainly on ''Bocconia frutescens'' seeds but nothing else is known about its diet or foraging habits.

Breeding

Observations of Tolima doves in breeding condition, eggs, and nestlings indicate a nesting season that extends at least from March to September. It builds a shallow bowl nest of heavy twigs in bushes or small trees, usually no more than above the ground. The clutch size is two eggs.

Vocalization

The Tolima dove's song is "a single slightly over-slurred note “wooOOOooo”, with a clear emphasis in the middle."

Status

The

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...

originally assessed the Tolima dove as Threatened, then from 1994 as Endangered, and in 2020 as Near Threatened. It has a restricted range and its population appears to be fragmented. Much of its original habitat has been destroyed but the species appears to adapt to

secondary forest A secondary forest (or second-growth forest) is a forest or woodland area which has re-grown after a timber harvest or clearing for agriculture, until a long enough period has passed so that the effects of the disturbance are no longer evident. ...

and coffee plantations.

References

External links

BirdLife Species Factsheet.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1268595 Tolima dove Birds of the Colombian Andes Endemic birds of Colombia Tolima dove Tolima dove Tolima dove Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Columbidae