was a

feudal domain A demesne ( ) or domain was all the land retained and managed by a lord of the manor under the feudal system for his own use, occupation, or support. This distinguished it from land sub-enfeoffed by him to others as sub-tenants. The concept or ...

under the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...

Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characteriz ...

Japan, controlling all of Awa Province and Awaji Province in what is now

Tokushima Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Tokushima Prefecture has a population of 728,633 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 4,146 km2 (1,601 sq mi). Tokushima Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the north, E ...

and Awaji Island of modern-day

Hyōgo Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 () and has a geographic area of . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east, Osaka Prefecture to the southeast, an ...

. It was centered around

Tokushima Castle was an Edo period Japanese castle located in the city of Tokushima, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1957. Its Omotegoten Gardens are designated a national Place of Scenic Beauty. Hi ...

, and was ruled throughout its history by the ''

tozama daimyō was a class of powerful magnates or ''daimyō'' (大名) considered to be outsiders by the ruler of Japan.Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, ''Tozama daimyō'' were classified in the Tokugawa Shogunate (江戸幕府) as ''daimyō'' w ...

Hachisuka clan The are descendants of Emperor Seiwa (850-880) of Japan and are a branch of the Ashikaga clan through the Shiba clan (Seiwa Genji). History Ashikaga Ieuji (13th century), son of Ashikaga Yasuuji, was the first to adopt the name Shiba. The Shiba ...

History

Hachisuka Masakatsu , also known Hachisuka Koroku (蜂須賀小六), was a ''daimyō'', retainer and adviser of Toyotomi Hideyoshi during the Azuchi–Momoyama period of Japanese history. He was the son of Hachisuka Masatoshi. The Hachisuka clan were the ''kokuj ...

was a vassal of

Toyotomi Hideyoshi , otherwise known as and , was a Japanese samurai and ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) of the late Sengoku period regarded as the second "Great Unifier" of Japan.Richard Holmes, The World Atlas of Warfare: Military Innovations that Changed the Cour ...

and dominated Tatsuno in

Harima Province or Banshū (播州) was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is the southwestern part of present-day Hyōgo Prefecture. Harima bordered on Tajima, Tanba, Settsu, Bizen, and Mimasaka Provinces. Its capital was Himeji. During the ...

. He was awarded territories in Awa Province after Hideyoshi's conquest of Shikoku in 1585; however, due to his advanced age, he turned the clan chieftainship over to his son

Hachisuka Iemasa was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the early Edo period. Iemasa, the son of Hachisuka Masakatsu or ''Koroku'', was the founder of the Tokushima Domain. He was one of some daimyo who have bad terms with Ishida Mitsunari. His father was a retainer ...

. At the time, his territory was only a portion of Awa Province, with a ''

kokudaka refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of ''koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 54 ...

'' of 175,000 ''

koku The is a Chinese-based Japanese unit of volume. 1 koku is equivalent to 10 or approximately , or about . It converts, in turn, to 100 shō and 1000 gō. One ''gō'' is the volume of the "rice cup", the plastic measuring cup that is supplied ...

''. He constructed Tokushima Castle, which would remain the clan's seat for the next 300 years. The clan had always been on bad terms with

Ishida Mitsunari Ishida Mitsunari (, 1559 – November 6, 1600) was a Japanese samurai and military commander of the late Sengoku period of Japan. He is probably best remembered as the commander of the Western army in the Battle of Sekigahara following the A ...

and at the time of the

Battle of Sekigahara The Battle of Sekigahara (Shinjitai: ; Kyūjitai: , Hepburn romanization: ''Sekigahara no Tatakai'') was a decisive battle on October 21, 1600 (Keichō 5, 15th day of the 9th month) in what is now Gifu prefecture, Japan, at the end of ...

, Mitsunari forced Hachisuka Iemasa to take the tonsure and forcibly exiled him to

Mount Koya Mount is often used as part of the name of specific mountains, e.g. Mount Everest. Mount or Mounts may also refer to: Places * Mount, Cornwall, a village in Warleggan parish, England * Mount, Perranzabuloe, a hamlet in Perranzabuloe parish, ...

. However, his son

Hachisuka Yoshishige (February 20, 1586 – March 29, 1620) was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period, who ruled the Tokushima Domain. His court title was '' Awa no kami''. He married Manhime (1592–1666), daughter of Ogasawara Hidemasa Yoshishige fought du ...

was married an adopted daughter of

Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fellow ...

, and fought in the Eastern Army. As a result, the

Tokugawa Shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...

restored the Hachisuka clan to their domains after the defeat of the

Toyotomi clan The was a Japanese clan that ruled over the Japanese before the Edo period. Unity and conflict The most influential figure within the Toyotomi was Toyotomi Hideyoshi, one of the three "unifiers of Japan". Oda Nobunaga was another primary un ...

and Hachisuka Yoshishige is regarded as the first ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and n ...

'' of Tokushima Domain. Hachisuka Yoshishige went on to received awards seven times from

Shogun , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...

Tokugawa Hidetada was the second ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623. He was the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate. Early life (1579–1593) Tokugawa Hidetada was bo ...

for his actions at the 1614-1615

Battle of Osaka The was a series of battles undertaken by the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate against the Toyotomi clan, and ending in that clan's destruction. Divided into two stages (winter campaign and summer campaign), and lasting from 1614 to 1615, the siege ...

and his territories were expanded to cover all of Awa Province, as well as 70,000 ''koku'' in Awaji Province. In 1617, he was granted the remainder of Awaji Island, bringing his total ''kokudaka'' to 257,000 ''koku''. Tokushima Domain developed

indigo Indigo is a deep color close to the color wheel blue (a primary color in the RGB color space), as well as to some variants of ultramarine, based on the ancient dye of the same name. The word "indigo" comes from the Latin word ''indicum'', m ...

production in the

Yoshino River The Yoshino River (吉野川 ''Yoshino-gawa'') is a river on the island of Shikoku, Japan. It is long and has a watershed of . It is the second longest river in Shikoku (slightly shorter than the Shimanto), and is the only river whose watershe ...

basin, with

Indigo dye Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color. Historically, indigo was a natural dye extracted from the leaves of some plants of the ''Indigofera'' genus, in particular ''Indigofera tinctoria''; dye-bearing ''Indigofera'' pla ...

much in demand throughout the Edo Period. Indigo merchants in Tokushima almost monopolized the national market due to the quality and strong backing of the clan, and was a major source of the domain's "unofficial" revenue. Although the domain's nominal ''kokudaka'' was 257,000 ''koku'', its actual ''kokudaka'' through clan monopolies on indigo, tobacco, salt and other products came to more than 400,000 ''koku''. The 13th ''daimyō'', Hachisuka Narihiro, was the 22nd son of Shogun

Tokugawa Ienari Tokugawa Ienari ( ja, 徳川家斉, November 18, 1773 – March 22, 1841) was the eleventh and longest-serving ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who held office from 1787 to 1837.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1991) ''Early Modern J ...

, and was therefore half-brother of the 12th Shogun

Tokugawa Ieyoshi was the 12th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1991) ''Early Modern Japan',' p. 21./ref> Biography Ieyoshi was born as the second son of the 11th ''shōgun'', Tokugawa Ienari and named Toshijirō (敏 ...

and nephew of the 13th Shogun

Tokugawa Iesada was the 13th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He held office for five years from 1853 to 1858. He was physically weak and was therefore considered by later historians to have been unfit to be ''shōgun''. His reign marks the begin ...

. Despite these connections, during the

Bakumatsu period was the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended. Between 1853 and 1867, Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunate to the modern empire of the Meiji govern ...

, he maintained contacts with the Imperial Court in Kyoto and was a supporter of the '' kōbu gattai'' movement, which created frictions within the domain, especially with the hereditary ''

karō were top-ranking samurai officials and advisors in service to the ''daimyōs'' of feudal Japan. Overview In the Edo period, the policy of ''sankin-kōtai'' (alternate attendance) required each ''daimyō'' to place a ''karō'' in Edo and anoth ...

'', the Inada clan, who ruled

Sumoto Castle was a Muromachi to Sengoku period Japanese castle located in the Orodani neighborhood of the city of Sumoto, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1999. It was also referred to as . Over ...

on Awaji and who favored a more reactionary approach. He died suddenly during the

Battle of Toba-Fushimi A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...

at the start of the

Boshin War The , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution or Japanese Civil War, was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a clique seeking to seize political power in the name of the Imperi ...

at the age of 48. His son

Hachisuka Mochiaki was the 14th and final ''daimyō'' of Tokushima Domain, Awa Province, and the 2nd President of the House of Peers in Meiji period Japan. Early life Hachisuka was born at the Hachisuka domain residence in Edo, as the eldest son of the 13t ...

switched the domain's allegiance to the Imperial side. He became imperial governor of Tokushima following the

abolition of the han system The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...

and subsequently served as a cabinet minister and president of the House of Peers in the

Meiji government The was the government that was formed by politicians of the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain in the 1860s. The Meiji government was the early government of the Empire of Japan. Politicians of the Meiji government were known as the Meiji o ...

. The Hachisuka clan was ennobled with the ''

kazoku The was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. They succeeded the feudal lords () and court nobles (), but were abolished with the 1947 constitution. Kazoku ( 華族) should not be confused with ' ...

'' title of

marquis A marquess (; french: marquis ), es, marqués, pt, marquês. is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman wi ...

in 1884. In the early

Meiji period The is an era of Japanese history that extended from October 23, 1868 to July 30, 1912. The Meiji era was the first half of the Empire of Japan, when the Japanese people moved from being an isolated feudal society at risk of colonization ...

, the hereditary ''karō'' and warden of Sumoto Castle, Inada Kurobei, demanded establishment as a ''daimyō''. With his ''kokudaka'' exceeding 10,000 ''koku'', this was technically possible; however, this demand met with violent opposition from Tokushima and was refused by the Meiji government. After the "revolt" was put down, the entire Inada clan and its retainers were exiled to the far northern tip of Hokkaido. Their experiences are fictionalized in the recent film ''Kita no Zeronen'' ("Year One in the North"). The Awa Province portion of Tokushima Domain became Tokushima prefecture; however, the Awaji Province portion became part of

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

Unlike most domains in the

han system ( ja, 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 283. or (daimyo domain) s ...

, which consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''

'', based on periodic

cadastral A cadastre or cadaster is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property's metes-and-bounds of a country.Jo Henssen, ''Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,'/ref> Often it is represented graphically in a cad ...

surveys and projected agricultural yields, Tokushima Domain was a single unified holding. * Awa Province (entire province) **55 villages in Myodo District **38 villages in Myozai District **129 villages in Itano District **31 villages in Awa District **28 villages in Oe District **19 villages in Mima District **29 villages in Miyoshi District **64 villages in Kaifu District **135 villages in Naka District **45 villages in Katsuura District * Awaji Province (entire province) **124 villages in Tsuna District **134 villages in Mihara District

List of daimyō

Genealogy (simplified)

* TOKUGAWA IEYASU, 1st Tokugawa ''shōgun'' (1543–1616) **Matsudaira Nobuyasu (1559–1579), m. Tokuhime (1559–1636) *** Toku (1576–1607), m. Ogasawara Hidemasa, 1st ''daimyō'' of Matsumoto (1569–1615) **** Kyōdaiin (1592–1666), m. I. Hachisuka Yoshishige, 1st ''daimyō'' of Tokushima (cr. 1601) (1586–1620; r. 1601–1620) ***** II. Tadateru, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Tokushima (1611–1652; r. 1620–1652) ****** III. Mitsutaka, 3rd ''daimyō'' of Tokushima (1630–1666; r. 1652–1666) ******* IV. Tsunamichi, 4th ''daimyō'' of Tokushima (1656–1678; r. 1666–1678) ******Takamori (1642–1695) ******* V. Tsunanori, 5th ''daimyō'' of Tokushima (1661–1730; r. 1678–1728) ******** VI. Munekazu, 6th ''daimyō'' of Tokushima (1709–1735; r. 1728–1735) ******** Yoshitake (1692–1725) ********* A daughter (d. 1742), m. VIII. Muneshige, 8th ''daimyō'' of Tokushima (see below) ****** Takayoshi (1643–1698) ******* VII. Muneteru, 7th ''daimyō'' of Tokushima (1684–1743; r. 1735–1739). The direct line of the Hachisuka family became extinct with the death of the 7th lord in 1743; he adopted a distant cousin from the Matsudaira-Tokugawa family to continue the line: **Tokugawa Yorinobu, 1st Lord of Kishu (1602–1671) *** Tokugawa Mitsusada, 2nd Lord of Kishu (1627–1705) **** Tokugawa Yoshimune, 8th Tokugawa ''shōgun'' (1684–1751) ***** Tokugawa Munetada, 1st Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family head (1721–1765) ****** Tokugawa Harusada, 2nd Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family head (1751–1827) ******* Tokugawa Ienari, 11th Tokugawa ''shōgun'' (1773–1841) ******** XIII. Hachisuka (Tokugawa) Narihiro, 13th ''daimyō'' of Tokushima (1821–1868; r. 1843–1868), m. Takatsukasa Shinako (1820–1858 – see below) ********* XIV. Mochiaki, 14th ''daimyō'' of Tokushima, 1st Marquess (1846–1918; Lord: 1868; Governor of Tokushima: 1869–1871; family head: 1869–1918; Marquess: 1884) ********** Masaaki, 2nd Marquess (1871–1932; 2nd Marquess and family head: 1918–1932) *********** Masauji, 3rd Marquess (1903–1953; 3rd Marquess and family head: 1932–1947; family head: 1932–1953) ************ Masako (b. 1941; family head 1953–present) ** Tokugawa Yorifusa, 1st ''daimyō'' of Mito (1603–1661) *** Matsudaira Yorishige, 1st ''daimyō'' of Takamatsu (1622–1695) **** Matsudaira Yoriyoshi (1667–1706) ***** Matsudaira Yorihiro, Head of the Matsudaira-Daizen line (1700–1737) ****** VIII. (Matsudaira) Hachisuka Muneshige, 8th ''daimyō'' of Tokushima (1721–1780; r. 1739–1754). Adopted by the 7th Lord. ****** IX. (Matsudaira) Hachisuka Yoshihiro, 9th ''daimyō'' of Tokushima (1737–1754; r. 1754). He adopted the 10th Lord: ****** ''X. (Satake) Hachisuka Shigeyoshi, 10th ''daimyō'' of Tokushima'' (1738–1801; r. 1754–1769). Son of Satake Yoshimichi, 2nd Lord of Iwasaki. He had issue: ******* XI. Haruaki, 11th ''daimyō'' of Tokushima (1758–1814; r. 1769–1813) ******** XII. Narimasa, 12th ''daimyō'' of Tokushima (1795–1859; r. 1813–1843) ******* Hachisuka Noriko (1771–1795), m. Takatsukasa Masahiro (1761–1841) ******** Takatsukasa Masamichi (1789–1868) ********* Takatsukasa Shinako (1820–1858), m. XIII. Hachisuka (Tokugawa) Narihiro, 13th ''daimyō'' of Tokushima - see above Genealogy (jp)
/ref>

External links

References

{{Authority control Domains of Japan 1601 establishments in Japan States and territories established in 1601 1871 disestablishments in Japan States and territories disestablished in 1871 Awaji Province Awa Province (Tokushima) Hachisuka clan Shikoku region