Tokugawa Ienari ( ja, 徳川家斉, November 18, 1773 – March 22, 1841) was the eleventh and longest-serving ''

shōgun , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...

'' of the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

who held office from 1787 to 1837.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1991)
''Early Modern Japan'', p. 21.
/ref> He was a great-grandson of the eighth shōgun

Tokugawa Yoshimune was the eighth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lineage Yoshimu ...

through his son Munetada (1721–1764), head of the Hitotsubashi branch of the family, and his grandson Harusada (1751–1827). Ienari died in 1841 and was given the Buddhist name Bunkyouin and buried at

Kan'ei-ji (also spelled Kan'eiji or Kaneiji) is a Tendai Buddhist temple in Tokyo, Japan, founded in 1625 during the Kan'ei era by Tenkai, in an attempt to emulate the powerful religious center Enryaku-ji, in Kyoto. The main object of worship is .Nihon Re ...

Events of Ienari's ''bakufu''

* 1787 (''Tenmei 7''): Ienari becomes the 11th ''

'' of the

bakufu , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...

government. * 1788 (''Tenmei 7''): Riots in rice shops in Edo and

Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of 2. ...

. * March 6 – 11, 1788 (''Tenmei 8, 29th day of the 1st month – 4th day of the second month''): Great Fire of

Kyoto Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the ci ...

. A fire in the city, which begins at 3 o'clock in the morning of March 6 burns uncontrolled until the 1st day of the second month (March 8); and embers smolder until extinguished by heavy rain on the 4th day of the second month (March 11). The emperor and his court flee the fire, and the Imperial Palace is destroyed. No other re-construction is permitted until a new palace is completed. This fire was considered a major event. The Dutch ''

VOC VOC, VoC or voc may refer to: Science and technology * Open-circuit voltage (VOC), the voltage between two terminals when there is no external load connected * Variant of concern, a category used during the assessment of a new variant of a virus ...

'' ''

Opperhoofd ''Opperhoofd'' is a Dutch word (plural ''opperhoofden'') that literally translates to "upper-head", meaning "supreme headman". The Danish equivalent ''overhoved'', which is derived from a Danish pronunciation of the Dutch or Low German word, is a ...

'' in

Dejima , in the 17th century also called Tsukishima ( 築島, "built island"), was an artificial island off Nagasaki, Japan that served as a trading post for the Portuguese (1570–1639) and subsequently the Dutch (1641–1854). For 220 years, i ...

noted in his official record book that "people are considering it to be a great and extraordinary heavenly portent." * February 28, 1793 (''Kansei 5, on the 18th day of the 1st month''): Collapse of the peak of Mount Unzen.Screech, p.154. * March 17, 1793 (''Kansei 5, on the 6th day of the 2nd month''): Eruption of Mt. Biwas-no-kubi * April 15, 1793 (''Kansei 5, on the 1st day of the 3rd month''): The Shimabara

earthquake An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from ...

.Screech, p. 155. * May 10, 1793 (''Kansei 5, on the 1st day of the 4th month''): Eruption of Mt. Miyama. * September 1817, the Shōgun orders the expulsion of

Titia Bergsma Titia Bergsma (Leeuwarden, February 13, 1786 – The Hague, April 2, 1821) was a Dutch woman who visited Dejima Island, Japan, in August 1817 with her husband, Jan Cock Blomhoff. Under the Tokugawa shogunate's ''sakoku'' policy Japan was extre ...

, the first European woman to visit Japan * 1833–1837, the

Tenpō famine The Tenpō famine (天保の飢饉, ''Tenpō no kikin''), also known as the Great Tenpō famine (天保の大飢饉, ''Tenpō no daikikin'') was a famine that affected Japan during the Edo period. Considered to have lasted from 1833 to 1837, it wa ...

* 1837 (''Tenpō 7''):

Tokugawa Ieyoshi was the 12th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1991) ''Early Modern Japan',' p. 21./ref> Biography Ieyoshi was born as the second son of the 11th ''shōgun'', Tokugawa Ienari and named Toshijirō (敏 ...

becomes the 12th ''shōgun'' of the

government. Ienari's time in office was marked by an era of pleasure, excess, and corruption, which ended in the disastrous ''

Tenpō was a after '' Bunsei'' and before '' Kōka.'' The period spanned from December 1830 through December 1844. The reigning emperor was . Introduction Change of era * December 10, 1830 () : In the 13th year of ''Bunsei'', the new era name of ' ...

'' Famine of 1832–1837, in which thousands are known to have perished.

Family life

First wife

In 1778, the four-year-old Hitotsubashi Toyochiyo (豊千代), a minor figure in the Tokugawa clan hierarchy, was betrothed to Shimazu Shigehime or Tadakohime, the four-year-old daughter of

Shimazu Shigehide Shimazu is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Esther Shimazu (born 1957), American/Hawaiian sculptor * Saeko Shimazu (born 1959), Japanese voice actress * Shimazu clan, ''daimyō'' of the Satsuma han * Shimazu Hisamits ...

, the ''

tozama daimyō was a class of powerful magnates or ''daimyō'' (大名) considered to be outsiders by the ruler of Japan.Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, ''Tozama daimyō'' were classified in the Tokugawa Shogunate (江戸幕府) as ''daimyō'' ...

'' of

Satsuma Domain The , briefly known as the , was a domain (''han'') of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1602 to 1871. The Satsuma Domain was based at Kagoshima Castle in Satsuma Province, the core of the modern city of Kagoshima, ...

on the island of

Kyūshū is the third-largest island of Japan's five main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands ( i.e. excluding Okinawa). In the past, it has been known as , and . The historical regional name referred to Kyushu and its surround ...

. The significance of this alliance was dramatically enhanced when, in 1781, the young Toyochiyo was adopted by the childless shōgun,

Tokugawa Ieharu Tokugawa Ieharu (徳川家治) (June 20, 1737 – September 17, 1786) was the tenth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1760 to 1786. His childhood name was Takechiyo (竹千代). Ieharu died in 1786 and given t ...

. This meant that when Toyochiyo became Shōgun Ienari in 1786, Shigehide was set to become the father-in-law of the shōgun. The marriage was completed in 1789, after which Tadako became formally known as ''

Midaidokoro The ''midaidokoro'' (御台所) was the official wife of the ''shōgun''. During the Edo period, she resided in the '' Ōoku'' of Edo Castle and sometimes wielded considerable political power behind the scenes. Heian period * Miyoshi Takako, wif ...

'' Sadako, or "first wife" Sadako. Protocol required that she be adopted into a court family, and the

Konoe family is a Japanese aristocratic family. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003)"Konoe," ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 24 retrieved 2013-8-13. The family is a branch of Hokke and ...

agreed to take her in but this was a mere formality.

Other relationships

Ienari kept a

harem Harem (Persian: حرمسرا ''haramsarā'', ar, حَرِيمٌ ''ḥarīm'', "a sacred inviolable place; harem; female members of the family") refers to domestic spaces that are reserved for the women of the house in a Muslim family. A hare ...

of 900 women and fathered over 75 children. Many of Ienari's children were adopted into various ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and n ...

'' houses throughout Japan, and some played important roles in the history of the

Bakumatsu was the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended. Between 1853 and 1867, Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunate to the modern empire of the Meiji government ...

and

Boshin War The , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution or Japanese Civil War, was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a clique seeking to seize political power in the name of the Imperi ...

. Some of the more famous among them included: *

Hachisuka Narihiro was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late Edo period, who ruled the Tokushima Domain. He was a son of the eleventh shōgun, Tokugawa Ienari. Biography As stated above, Narihiro was a son of the 11th shōgun, Ienari. Ienari had many children, w ...

Tokushima Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, controlling all of Awa Province and Awaji Province in what is now Tokushima Prefecture and Awaji Island of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered around Tokushima ...

Hachisuka Mochiaki was the 14th and final ''daimyō'' of Tokushima Domain, Awa Province, and the 2nd President of the House of Peers in Meiji period Japan. Early life Hachisuka was born at the Hachisuka domain residence in Edo, as the eldest son of the 13t ...

*** Hachisuka Masaaki (1871–1932) **** Hachisuka Masauji (1903–1953) ***** Hachisuka Masako (1941) **** Hachisuka Toshiko (1896–1970) *

Matsudaira Naritami was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the late Edo period who ruled the Tsuyama Domain of Mimasaka Province. Born Tokugawa Ginnosuke (銀之助), the 16th son of the ''shōgun'' Tokugawa Ienari, Naritami was adopted by Matsudaira Naritaka of Tsuyama. ...

Tsuyama Domain was a Japanese domain of the Edo period. It was associated with Mimasaka Province in modern-day Okayama Prefecture.Tokugawa Narikatsu Tokugawa may refer to: *Tokugawa era, an alternative term for the Edo period, 1603 to 1868 *Tokugawa shogunate, a feudal regime of Japan during the Edo period **Tokugawa clan, a powerful family of Japan ***Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), most nota ...

(1820–1849), Shimizu Tokugawa family then to

Wakayama Domain Wakayama may refer to: *Wakayama Prefecture, a prefecture of Japan *Wakayama (city), the capital city of Wakayama Prefecture, Japan *Wakayama Station, a train station in Wakayama, Wakayama *Wakayama University , or , is a national university loca ...

* Matsudaira Narisawa, Fukui Domain *

Tokugawa Nariyuki Tokugawa may refer to: *Tokugawa era, an alternative term for the Edo period, 1603 to 1868 *Tokugawa shogunate, a feudal regime of Japan during the Edo period **Tokugawa clan, a powerful family of Japan ***Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), most nota ...

(1801–1846),

Tokugawa Iemochi (July 17, 1846 – August 29, 1866) was the 14th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1858 to 1866. During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of the "re-opening" of Japan to western nations. ...

Tazawa Hidenari Tazawa (written: 田澤 or 田沢) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese writer *, Japanese baseball player *, Japanese politician *, Japanese voice actress *, Japanese sport shooter *, J ...

, Tazawa Domain, as Tazawa Hideyasu's adopted son

Parents and siblings

* Father: Tokugawa Harusada (1751–1827) * Mother: O-Tomi no Kata (d. 1817) * Adoptive Father:

* Siblings: ** Kiihime married Hosokawa Naritatsu of

Kumamoto Domain The , also known as , was a Japanese domain of the Edo period. It was associated with Higo Province in modern-day Kumamoto Prefecture.

** Matsudaira Yoshisue (1785–1804) of

Takasu Domain The was a Japanese domain located in Mino Province (present-day Kaizu, Gifu). For most of its history, it was ruled by the Takasu-Matsudaira, a branch of the Tokugawa clan of Owari Domain. Matsudaira Katamori, Matsudaira Sadaaki, Tokugawa Yoshik ...

** Kuroda Naritaka (1777–1795) of

Fukuoka Domain was a Japanese domain of the Edo period. It was associated with Chikuzen Province in modern-day Fukuoka Prefecture on the island of Kyushu. The domain was also sometimes referred to as Chikuzen Domain, or as Kuroda Domain, after the ruling Kuroda ...

** Tokugawa Harukuni (1776–1793) ** Tokugawa Nariatsu ** Hisanosuke ** Honnosuke **

Tokugawa Narimasa was a Japanese samurai of the Edo period. The son of Tokugawa Harusada, head of the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa house, he succeeded Tokugawa Haruaki as head of the Tayasu branch of the Tokugawa house, which had been without a ruler for some time. Hi ...

** Yunosuke

Wife and concubines

* Wife: Shimazu Shigehime, later Kodaiin (1773–1844), daughter of Shimazu Shigehide of

* Concubine: ** Omiyo no Kata (1797–1872) (There is legend said that Omiyo was daughter of

with a servant) later Senkoin ** O-ito no kata ** Oyae no Kata (d. 1843) later Kaishun'in ** Oraku no Kata (d. 1810) later Korin'in ** Otase no Kata (d. 1832) later Myosoin ** Ohana no Kata (d. 1845) later Seiren'in ** Ohachi no Kata later Honrin'in (d. 1850) ** Ohachi no Kata (d. 1813) later Chisoin ** Osode no Kata (d. 1830) later Honshoin ** Oyachi no Kata (d. 1810) later Seishoin ** Osato no Kata (d. 1800) later Chosoin ** Ocho no Kata (d. 1852) later Sokuseiin ** Oshiga no Kata (d. 1813) later Keimeiin ** Outa no Kata (d. 1851) later Hoschiin ** Oume no Kata (d. 1794)later Shinsei-in ** Oman no Kata (d. 1835) later Seishin'in ** Obi no Kata (d. 1808) later Hoshin'in

Children

* Toshihime (1789–1817) married

Tokugawa Naritomo was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period, who ruled the Owari Domain. His childhood name was Yasuchiyo (愷千代). He had a retreat north of Nagoya Castle called ''Shin Goten'' (新御殿 New Palace) in what is today Horibata-chō (堀� ...

by Oman * Koso-in (b. 1790) by Oman * Takechiyo (1792–1793) by Oman *

(1793-1837) by Korin'in * Hidehime (b. 1794) later Tansei-in by Oume * Ayahime (1795–1797; infant when died and replaced by her younger sister, Asahime) Married

Date Chikamune was an mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 9th ''daimyō'' of Sendai Domain in northern Japan, and the 25th hereditary chieftain of the Date clan. Biography Chikamune was the eldest son of Date Narimura. His childhood name was Masachiyo (� ...

Sendai Domain The , also known as the , was a domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871. The Sendai Domain was based at Aoba Castle in Mutsu Province, in the modern city of Sendai, located in the Tōhoku region of the i ...

by Oman * Tokugawa Keinosuke (1795–1797) by Outa * Tokugawa Atsunosuke (1796–1799) born by Shigehime inherited Shimazu-Tokugawa family * Sohime (1796–1797) by Oshiga * Tokugawa Toyasaburo (b. 1798) by Outa * Kakuhime (1798–1799) by Osato * Gohyakuhime (1799–1800) by Outa * Tazawa Hidenari * Tokugawa Hidemaru * Mine-hime (1800–1853) born by Otase and married

Tokugawa Narinobu Tokugawa may refer to: *Tokugawa era, an alternative term for the Edo period, 1603 to 1868 *Tokugawa shogunate, a feudal regime of Japan during the Edo period **Tokugawa clan, a powerful family of Japan ***Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), most nota ...

of Owari Domain * Tokugawa Nariyuki (1801–1846) inherited Shimizu-Tokugawa family later inherited

Kii Domain Kii can refer to: History * Kii House, a branch family of the Tokugawa clan that ruled Japan during the Edo era Company * Kii Corporation, a mobile cloud services company (MBaaS) Geography * Kii Channel, a separating Honshū and Shikoku isl ...

and born to Otase * Toruhime (1801–1802) by Ocho * Jiyohime (1802–1803) by Oume * Asahime (1803–1843) married

later married

Matsudaira Naritsugu was the 14th ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate in Echizen Province.Burks, Ardath W. (1985) ''The Modernizers: overseas students, foreign employees, and Meiji Japan'', p. 47 Naritsugu was born in Fukui as the ...

of Fukui Domain by Obi * Jukihime (1803–1804) by Otase * Tokugawa Tokinosuke (1803–1805) by Ocho * Harehime (1805–1807) by Otase * Tokugawa Torachiyo (1806–1810) by Ocho * Kohime (b. 1806) * Kishihime (1807–1811) * Motohime (1808–1821) married

Matsudaira Katahiro was the 7th ''daimyō'' of Aizu Domain in Mutsu Province, Japan (modern-day Fukushima Prefecture). His courtesy title was ''Higo-no-kami'' and ''Jijū'', and subsequently raised to '' Sakonoe-gon-shōshō'' and his Court rank was Junior Fo ...

Aizu Domain was a domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1601 to 1871.Ravina, Mark. (1998) ''Land and Lordship in Early Modern Japan,'' p. 222 The Aizu Domain was based at Tsuruga Castle in Mutsu Province, the core of the ...

by Oyachi * Ayahime (1809–1837) married Matsudaira Yoritane of

Takamatsu Domain 270px, Matsudaira Yoritoshi. pre-1903 270px, Takamatsu Castle Tsukimi Yagura was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. It was centered around Takamatsu C ...

by Osode * Tokugawa Tomomatsu (1809–1813) by Ocho * Yohime (1813–1868), married

Maeda Nariyasu was an Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 12th ''daimyō'' of Kaga Domain in the Hokuriku region of Japan. He was the 13th hereditary lord of the Kanazawa Maeda clan. Biography Nariyasu was born in Kanazawa in 1811,

, born to Omiyo * Nakahime (1815–1817), born to Omiyo * Tokugawa Narinori (1810–1827) inherited Shimizu family of

Gosankyō The were three branches of the Tokugawa clan of Japan. They were descended from the eighth of the fifteen Tokugawa shōguns, Yoshimune (1684–1751). Yoshimune established the ''Gosankyo'' to augment (or perhaps to replace) the ''Gosanke'' ...

and born by Oyae *

Tokugawa Naritaka was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the early late-Edo period. The son of the 11th shōgun Tokugawa Ienari, he succeeded Tokugawa Narimasa as head of the Tayasu Tokugawa house, before succeeding to the Tokugawa house of Owari Domain in 1839. His chi ...

born by Ocho * Tsuyahime (b.1811) by Osode * Morihime (1811–1846) married

Nabeshima Naomasa was the 10th and final ''daimyō'' of Saga Domain in Hizen Province, Kyūshū, Japan. His honorary title was '' Hizen-no-Kami'', and he was occasionally referred to as “Prince Hizen” in western accounts during the Bakumatsu period. Biograp ...

of Saga Domain by Oyae * Ikeda Narihiro (1812–1826) born by Oyae * Kazuhime (1813–1830) married

Mori Narito Mori is a Japanese language, Japanese and Italian language, Italian surname, and also a Persian language, Persian Hypocorism, pet name for Morteza. It is also the name of Mori clan (disambiguation), two clans in Japan, and Mori Rajputs, one clan in ...

of Chōshū Domain by Ocho * Takahime (1813–1814) by Osode * Tokugawa Okugoro (1813–1814) by Ohachi * Kotohime (1815–1816) by Ohana * Tokugawa Kyugoro (1815–1817) by Ocho *

born to Oyae * Suehime (1817–1872) married Asano Naritaka of

Hiroshima Domain The was a domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1601 to 1871. The Hiroshima Domain was based at Hiroshima Castle in Aki Province, in the modern city of Hiroshima, located in the Chūgoku region of the island of H ...

later Yousein by Omiyo * Kiyohime (1818–1868), married Sakai Tadanori of

Himeji Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Harima Province in what is now the southern portion of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered around Himeji Castle, which is located in what is now the ...

later Seiko-in, born to Oyae * Matsudaira Nariyoshi (1820–1838) adopted to Fukui-Matsudaira family by Ohana * Tokugawa Shichiro (1818–1821) by Osode * Matsudaira Nariyoshi (1819–1839) of

Hamada Domain The was a Japanese domain of the Edo period. It was associated with Iwami Province in modern-day Shimane Prefecture.Tokugawa Narikura of Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa Family by Ohana *

Tokugawa Nariharu was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period, who ruled the Owari Domain. He was son of shōgun Tokugawa Ienari. His childhood name was Naoshichiro (直七郎). Family * Father: Tokugawa Ienari * Mother: Ohana no Kata (?-1845) later Seiren'in * ...

born by Ohana * Matsudaira Narisawa born by Honrin'in * Tokugawa Narikatsu (1820–1850) inherited Shimizu-Tokugawa family later inherited

and born by Osode *

born by Oyae * Tokugawa Hachiro (1822–1823) by Osode * Matsudaira Narisada (1823–1841) born by Ohana * Matsudaira Narikoto (1825–1844) of

Akashi Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Harima Province in what is now the southern portion of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered around Akashi Castle, which is located in what is now the ci ...

born by Ohana * Taehime (1827–1843) by Ohana and married Ikeda Narimichi of

Tottori Domain 270px, Ikeda Yoshinori 270px, Front gate of the Tottori Domain residence in Edo was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now Tottori Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. It controlled all of Inaba P ...

* Tokugawa Taminosuke, born by O-ito * Fumihime

Notable descendants

Tokugawa Nariyuki (1801–1846) * Kikuhime * Yohime *

Asahime (1803–1843) married

* Kikuhime (1829–1829) * Yoshimaru (1835–1835) * Kuninosuke

* Shomaru (1846–1847) inherited Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family * Rihime married

Asano Yoshiteru was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period, who ruled Hiroshima Domain. His childhood name was Sadakichi (定吉) later become Sadanosuke (定之丞) later become Zenjirō (善次郎). Family * Father: Asano Naritaka * Wife: Tokugawa Toshi ...

* Fuhime married Matsudaira Noritoshi Yo-hime (1813–1868) married

* Ikeda Yoshitaka (1834–1850) * Kanoshimaru *

Maeda Yoshiyasu was a late-Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 13th (and final) ''daimyō'' of Kaga Domain in the Hokuriku region of Japan, and the 14th hereditary lord of the Maeda clan. Yoshiyasu was born in Edo as Inuchiyo (犬千代), the first son o ...

** Maeda Toshitsugu (1858–1900) *** Namiko married

Toshinari Maeda , was a Japanese general and the first commander of the Japanese forces in northern Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and North Borneo) in World War II. Biography Maeda Toshinari was born the fifth son of the former ''daimyō'' of Nanokaichi Doma ...

**** Maeda Toshitatsu (1908–1989) ***** Maeda Toshiyasu (b. 1935) ****** Maeda Toshinori (b. 1963)

* Matsudaira Yasutomo * Hitoshimaru * daughter married Miura Yoshitsugu * Matsudaira Yasutami (1861–1921) ** Matsudaira Yasuyoshi ** Matsudaira Yasuharu ** Takako married Ichishima Noriatsu ** Teruko married Shuta Yasuto ** Watanabe Akira ** Tsuruko married Matsudaira Yoritsune ** Sansuko married Isahaya Fujio ** Matsudaira Shiro ** Matsudaira Fumihiro Suehime * Yakuhime (1843–1843) Kiyo-hime * Tokudairo (1835–1837) * Kisohime (b. 1834) married Sakai Tadatomi Tokugawa Narikatsu (1820–1850) * Ryuchiyo * Tatsujiro * Nobehime * Akihime * Junhime * Kikuhime

* Kayohime (1848–1865) married

Matsudaira Mochiaki was a Bakumatsu period ''daimyō'' under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He was the 7th ''daimyō'' of Itoigawa Domain in Echigo Province and later the 17th (and final) ''daimyō'' of Fukui Domain in Echizen Province.Burks, Ardat ...

** Hachisuka Masaaki (1871–1932) *** Hachisuka Tsuruko *** Hachisuka Yoshiko *** Hachisuka Saeko married Satake Yoshitane *** Hachisuka Fueko married Masayuki Matsuda **** Asako married Prince Kaya-no-Miya Harunori *** Hachisuka Toshiko (1896–1970) married Matsudaira Yasuharu **** 1 son and 4 daughters ***

Masauji Hachisuka , 18th Marquess Hachisuka, was a Japanese ornithologist and aviculturist.Delacour, J. (1953) The Dodo and Kindred Birds by Masauji Hachisuka (Review). The Condor 55 (4): 223.Peterson, A. P. (2013Author Index: Hachisuka, Masauji (Masa Uji), marqu ...

(1903–1953) ****

Masako Hachisuka is a Japanese linguist specialising in the English language and the head of the Hachisuka clan since 1953. Biography Masako's father was Masauji Hachisuka and her mother was Chiye Nagamine. Her paternal grandparents were Masaaki Hachisuka and ...

(b. 1941)

* Takechiyo (1813–1814) * Tatsuhime (1814–1818) * Tomohime (1815–1815) * Saigen-in (1816–1816) * Yochiyo (1819–1820) * Entsuin (1822-1822) *

Tokugawa Iesada was the 13th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. He held office for five years from 1853 to 1858. He was physically weak and was therefore considered by later historians to have been unfit to be ''shōgun''. His reign marks the begin ...

* Maihime (1824–1829) * Tokugawa Yoshimasa (1825–1838) of Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa Family * Teruhime (1826–1840) married

Tokugawa Yoshiyori was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period. Son of the 3rd generation Tayasu family head, Narimasa, he was head of the Tayasu house twice: in 1839–1863 and 1868–1876. He went to Shizuoka Domain in 1868, and served as the guardian of his s ...

and later known as Teimei-in * Hanhime (1826–1826) by Okaju * Tokugawa Harunojo (1826–1827) * Tokugawa Atsugoro (1828–1829) * Tokugawa Jikimaru (1829–1830) * Tokugawa Ginnojo (1832–1833) * Satohime (1833–1834) * Chiehime (1835–1836) * Yoshihime (1836–1837) * Tokugawa Kamegoro (1838–1839) * Maijihime (1839–1840) * Wakahime (1842–1843) * Shoyo-in (1843–1843) * Okuhime (1844–1845) * Tokugawa Tadashimaru (1845–1846) * Shikihime (1848–1848) * Sashin-in (1849–1849) * Tokugawa Choyoshiro (1852–1853)

Eras of Ienari's ''bakufu''

The years in which Ienari was shōgun are more specifically identified by more than one

era name A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin ''regnum'' meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year of ...

or ''

nengō The , also known as , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being ""), followed by the literal ...

''.Titsingh, Isaac. (1834)
''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 420.
/ref> * ''

Tenmei is a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', literally "years name") for the years between the An'ei Era and before the Kansei Era, from April 1781 through January 1789. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1781 : The new era name of Tenme ...

'' (1781–1789) * ''

Kansei was a after '' Tenmei'' and before '' Kyōwa''. This period spanned the years from January 1789 through February 1801. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1789 : The new era name of '' Kansei'' (meaning "Tolerant Government" or "Broad-m ...

'' (1789–1801) * ''

Kyōwa was a after '' Kansei'' and before ''Bunka.'' This period spanned the years from February 1801 through February 1804.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kyōwa''" ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'Deu ...

'' (1801–1804) * ''

Bunka was a after '' Kyōwa'' and before '' Bunsei''. The period spanned the years from January 1804 to April 1818. The reigning emperors were and . Change of era * February 11, 1804 (): The new era name of ''Bunka'' ( meaning "Culture" or "Civili ...

'' (1804–1818) * ''

Bunsei was a after ''Bunka'' and before ''Tenpō''. This period spanned the years from April 1818 through December 1830. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * April 22, 1818 (): The new era name was created to mark the enthronement of the emper ...

'' (1818–1830) * ''

'' (1830–1844)

Ancestry

Notes

References

* Hall, John Whitney and

Marius Jansen Marius Berthus Jansen (April 11, 1922 – December 10, 2000) was an American academic, historian, and Emeritus Professor of Japanese History at Princeton University.Princeton University, Office of Communications"Professor Marius Berthus Jansen, sc ...

. (1991)
''Early Modern Japan: The Cambridge History of Japan''.
Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII of England, King Henry VIII in 1534, it is the oldest university press A university press is an academic publishing hou ...

.
OCLC 62064695
* Screech, Timon. (2006). ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822''. London:

RoutledgeCurzon Routledge () is a British multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioural science, education, law, and ...

. * Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''

Nihon Ōdai Ichiran , ', is a 17th-century chronicle of the serial reigns of Japanese emperors with brief notes about some of the noteworthy events or other happenings. According to the 1871 edition of the ''American Cyclopaedia'', the 1834 French translation of ...

''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691
* Totman, Conrad. (1967). ''Politics in the Tokugawa bakufu, 1600–1843''. Cambridge:

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retirem ...

External links

PBS timeline of Japanese History
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tokugawa, Ienari 1773 births 1841 deaths 18th-century shōguns 19th-century shōguns Tokugawa shōguns Tokugawa clan Child rulers from Asia