Toksun County is a county in Turpan Prefecture,

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest ...

, China.

Name

The term 'Toksun' means 'ninety'.

History

The Battle of Toksun took place in this county in July 1933 when Khoja Niyas Hajji, a Uighur leader, defected with his forces to Governor

Sheng Shicai Sheng Shicai (; 3 December 189513 July 1970) was a Chinese warlord who ruled Xinjiang from 1933 to 1944. Sheng's rise to power started with a coup d'état in 1933 when he was appointed the ''duban'' or Military Governor of Xinjiang. His rule o ...

. He advanced to Toksun via Dawan Ch'eng, where the

Chinese Muslim Islam has been practiced in China since the 7th century CE.. Muslims are a minority group in China, representing 1.6-2 percent of the total population (21,667,000- 28,210,795) according to various estimates. Though Hui Muslims are the most nume ...

forces of General Ma Shih-ming achieved victory over Niyas Hajji's forces. In December 2010, Zeng Lingquan (), who ran an adoption agency for the physically and mentally disabled with no operation license in Sichuan, was arrested. Zeng reportedly sent the mentally ill to work in a factory run by Li Xinglin () where they were enslaved and worked year round (instead of seasonally as with other local factories) in unsafe conditions at the Jia‘ersi Green Construction Material Chemical Factory () in Kümüx. In 2017, '' Radio Free Asia'' reported that a police officer in Toksun County had said that all Uyghurs who wished to travel abroad were required to attend political indoctrination education organized by the county government.

Geography and Climate

Toksun County's location in the bottom of the

Turpan Depression The Turpan Depression or Turfan Depression, is a fault-bounded trough located around and south of the city-oasis of Turpan, in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in far Western China, about southeast of the regional capital Ürümqi. It includes L ...

and an average rainfall of just annually, the least precipitation of any area in China, make it a very hot place during summertime. The county is bordered to the south by

Yuli County Yuli County as the official Romanized name, also transliterated from Mongolian as Lopnur County ( Lop Nur), is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It ...

Administrative divisions

Towns ( / ): * Toksun Town (Tuokexun; / ), Kümüx (Kumishi, K'u-mi-shih; / ), Kokjay (Ke'erjian, Köjey; / , formerly Kujiayi ), Alehui (), Yilanlik (Yilahu, Yilanliq, I-la-hu; / , formerly / ),

Shah Shah (; fa, شاه, , ) is a royal title that was historically used by the leading figures of Iranian monarchies.Yarshater, EhsaPersia or Iran, Persian or Farsi, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII no. 1 (1989) It was also used by a variety of ...

(Xia; / , formerly / ), Bostan (Bositan; / , formerly / ) Township ( / ): * Gholbuyi Township (Guolebuyi; / )

Economy

Irrigation in the county is well-developed. Agricultural products of the county include sorghum, wheat, muskmelon, peanuts and cotton. Specialty products include

Hami melon Lead Hami melon is a kind of melon produced in Hami, Xinjiang. It is well known for its sweet taste and long-standing history. The Hami melon (; pinyin: Hāmì guā) is a type of muskmelon, originally from Hami, Xinjiang, China. The origin of ...

and raisins. Industries include electronics, coal, machinery, construction, etc.

Demographics

As of 2015, 96,439 of the 124,040 residents of Toksun County were Uyghur, 18,600 were

Han Chinese The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctiv ...

, 8,539 were

Hui The Hui people ( zh, c=, p=Huízú, w=Hui2-tsu2, Xiao'erjing: , dng, Хуэйзў, ) are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Chinese-speaking adherents of Islam. They are distributed throughout China, mainly in the n ...

and 462 were from other ethnic groups. As of the 2000 Census, the county counted 52,346 males and 49,804 females and 83.65% of the population of the county were from ethnic minority groups. As of 1999, 77.03% of the population of Toksun County were Uyghur and 15.51% of the population was Han Chinese.

Transportation

China National Highway 312 China National Highway 312 (312国道), also referred to as Route 312 or The Mother Road, is a key east-west route beginning in Shanghai and ending at Khorgas, Xinjiang in the Ili River valley, on the border with Kazakhstan. In total it spans ...

China National Highway 314 China National Highway 314 (G314) (sometimes referred to as Gansu Provincial Highway 314) runs southwest from Urumqi, Xinjiang towards the Khunjerab Pass, which is on the northern border of the Gilgit–Baltistan territory in Pakistan-administe ...

* Southern Xinjiang railway

Notable persons

* Tömür Dawamat

Historical maps

Historical English-language maps including Toksun: File:STANFORD(1917) p61 PLATE19. SINKIANG (14597194848).jpg, Map including Toksun (labeled as Tukson) (1917) File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nk-45-3rd-ed.jpg, Map including Toksun (labeled as T'O-K'O-HSÜN) and surrounding region from the

International Map of the World The International Map of the World or IMW (also called the Millionth Map of the World, after its scale of 1:1 000 000) was a project to create a complete map of the world according to internationally agreed standards. It was first proposed by th ...

( DMA, 1975) File:Operational Navigation Chart F-7, 4th edition.jpg, From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Toksun ( DMA, 1982) File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_f-7d.jpg, Map including Toksun ( DMA, 1990)

References

{{Authority control County-level divisions of Xinjiang Turpan