"Toe the line" is an
idiomatic expression
An idiom is a phrase or expression that typically presents a figurative, non-literal meaning attached to the phrase; but some phrases become figurative idioms while retaining the literal meaning of the phrase. Categorized as formulaic language, ...
meaning either to conform to a rule or standard, or to stand in formation along a line. Other phrases which were once used in the early 1800s and have the same meaning were "toe the mark" and "toe the plank".
Origins
![John Liston Byam Shaw 010](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/John_Liston_Byam_Shaw_010.jpg)
The expression has disputed origins, though the two earliest known appearances in print are from the British Army, and the third from the Royal Navy. Those suggested are from
public school
Public school may refer to:
* State school (known as a public school in many countries), a no-fee school, publicly funded and operated by the government
* Public school (United Kingdom), certain elite fee-charging independent schools in England an ...
, the armed services,
Bare Knuckle Boxing
Bare-knuckle boxing (or simply bare-knuckle) is a combat sport which involves two individuals throwing punches at each other for a predetermined amount of time without any boxing gloves or other form of padding on their hands. It is a regulated ...
, or possibly the British House of Commons.
Armed services
In the earliest known appearance of the phrase in print, The Army Regulator, 1738, an officer forming ranks of soldiers says: "Silence you dogs, toe the line...".
The phrase next appeared in 1775's An Easy Plan of Discipline for a Militia, in which parading soldiers are instructed to "...bring their toes to the line c g, at the second step they toe the line c h..."
The phrase appeared as a naval term in 1831, describing events of 1803: "..on the quarter deck we were arranged in a line, each with his toes at the edge of a plank..." to be subjected to "scoldings technically called 'toe-the-line' matches.' "
The phrase "toeing a line" appeared in Captain Maryatt's story "Poor Jack" which was published in several American newspapers in 1841. It refers to the crew of a ship being marshaled and inspected by a Lieutenant.
The most likely origin of the term goes back to the wooden decked ships of the Royal Navy during the late 17th or early 18th century. Barefooted seamen had to stand at attention for inspection and had to line up on deck along the seams of the wooden planks, hence to "toe the line". The first mention of this use in literature stems from a story about navy life widely published in 1831 and written by
Captain Basil Hall RN. Hall served in the Royal Navy from 1802.
On some military parade-grounds there are white lines marked, along which soldiers form up, with their toes just touching the line.
School
It is common practice in many long-established schools for roll-call to be taken twice a day, at which the pupils line up with their toes exactly along a particular line on the floor, while their names are called out for them to respond to, indicating their presence.
Reference to toeing the line in schools appeared in 1845: "...the class formed themselves, 'toed the line'...”
House of Commons
It is commonly and erroneously thought that its origins lie in the
British House of Commons
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the upper house, the House of Lords, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England.
The House of Commons is an elected body consisting of 650 mem ...
where sword-strapped members were instructed to stand behind lines that were two sword-lengths apart from their political rivals in order to restore decorum. However, there is no record of a time when Members of Parliament were allowed to bring swords into the Chamber. Historically, only the
Serjeant at Arms
A serjeant-at-arms, or sergeant-at-arms, is an officer appointed by a deliberative body, usually a legislature, to keep order during its meetings. The word "serjeant" is derived from the Latin ''serviens'', which means "servant". Historically, s ...
carries a sword as a symbol of his role in Parliament. There are loops of pink ribbon in the Members' cloakroom for MPs to hang up their swords before entering the Chamber to this very day as a result of this rule. In fact, there were not any lines in the Chamber in the days that gentlemen carried swords.
Boundary line
A slightly different use of the term was found in an 1816 magazine, which stated, ''The
Thalweg
In geography and fluvial geomorphology, a thalweg or talweg () is the line of lowest elevation within a valley or watercourse.
Under international law, a thalweg is the middle of the primary navigable channel of a waterway that defines the boun ...
of the Rhine shall toe the line of separation between France and the German States; ...''. The meaning in this context was ''marked the line'' of separation.
An earlier 1813 publication had used the term ''toe the mark'' which had the same meaning as ''toe the line's'' modern usage, where the author wrote ''He began to think it was high time to toe the mark.'' An 1828 publication also used ''toe the plank'' with a similar meaning.
Other suggested origins
Over the years the term has been attributed to sports, including toeing the starting line in track events and toeing a center line in boxing, where boxers were instructed to line up on either side of to start a match. However, the earlier boxing term was ''toeing the scratch'', referring to a scratch mark on the floor. One of the earliest references related to an English prize fight in 1840.
Byam Shaw's painting ''Toeing the Line'', depicting a scene at
Ascot, alludes to it being a term used in horse racing.
Misspelling as "tow the line"
"Toe the line" is often misspelled "tow the line", substituting a familiar verb "tow" for the unfamiliar verbal use of "toe." "Tow" does not accord with any of the proposed etymologies, so "tow the line" is a linguistic
eggcorn
An eggcorn is the alteration of a phrase through the mishearing or reinterpretation of one or more of its elements,, sense 2 creating a new phrase having a different meaning from the original but which still makes sense and is plausible when used ...
.
Modern usage
Its modern-day use includes the context of
partisan or factional politics, as in "He's toeing the
party line", the context of athletics where it describes runners poised at the starting line, and in the context of behavior where the miscreant is expected to "toe the line". The first published use in a political context was in March 1826, where
Willie Mangum of the
United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the Lower house, lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the United States Senate, Senate being ...
proposed that "every member might 'toe the mark'." The behavioral use also stems from around that time.
The term continues to be used in the context of cross-country and track and field running, although sometimes also symbolically in bicycle races to be at one's mark along the starting line before a race.
Besides its literal use in middle and long-distance running, the term is still in literal use in the military, particularly the US Army. Some barracks have two solid lines, each approximately three inches wide and placed five feet apart, either taped or painted, running down the center of the entire length of their floor. The soldiers are ordered to "toe the line". At this command they cease their activities and line up with their toes on the line.
In the game of darts, many places where it is played have a line marked on the floor that shows the closest point that the player may stand when launching darts at the dartboard.
In 1946 the writer
George Orwell
Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic. His work is characterised by lucid prose, social criticism, opposition to totalitar ...
explicitly disparaged the idiomatic use of the phrase as an example of "worn-out metaphors which have lost all evocative power and are merely used because they save people the trouble of inventing phrases for themselves."
[''Politics and the English Language'', George Orwell, 1946]
The expression is used in a
Beatles
The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the developme ...
song—"Trying just to make you ''toe the line''" in 1965's "
Run for Your Life"—and is the basis for
Rocky Burnette's 1980 hit song, "
Tired of Toein' the Line". It is also mentioned in the song "Walk A Thin Line" by
Lindsey Buckingham
Lindsey Adams Buckingham (born October 3, 1949) is an American musician and record producer, best known as the lead guitarist and male lead vocalist of the band Fleetwood Mac from 1975 to 1987 and 1997 to 2018. In addition to his tenure with Fl ...
on the 1979 album "
Tusk
Tusks are elongated, continuously growing front teeth that protrude well beyond the mouth of certain mammal species. They are most commonly canine teeth, as with pigs and walruses, or, in the case of elephants, elongated incisors. Tusks share c ...
" by
Fleetwood Mac
Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, formed in London in 1967. Fleetwood Mac were founded by guitarist Peter Green, drummer Mick Fleetwood and guitarist Jeremy Spencer, before bassist John McVie joined the line-up for their epony ...
.
References
External links
* {{wiktionary-inline, up to scratch
* World Wide Words
Toe the line
English-language idioms
English phrases
Eggcorns