Tochmaland is a smock mill in

Kollum Kollum ( Low Saxon: ''Kölm'') is a village in Noardeast-Fryslân municipality in the province Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 5529 in January 2017. There is a restored windmill, ''Tochmaland'' in the village. History Th ...

Friesland Friesland (, ; official fry, Fryslân ), historically and traditionally known as Frisia, is a province of the Netherlands located in the country's northern part. It is situated west of Groningen, northwest of Drenthe and Overijssel, north of ...

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

, which was built in 1893. The mill has been restored to working order. It is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 23743.

History

''Tochmaland'' was built in to drain the Tochmaland polder. It was originally the

sawmill A sawmill (saw mill, saw-mill) or lumber mill is a facility where logs are cut into lumber. Modern sawmills use a motorized saw to cut logs lengthwise to make long pieces, and crosswise to length depending on standard or custom sizes (dimensi ...

''Welgelegen'',

Veendam Veendam () is a town and municipality with a population of 27,752 in the province of Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands. Veendam was established in 1648 as a peat colony by Adriaan Geerts Wildervanck. A Holland America Line cruise ship ...

, Groningen. The mill was moved by millwright J B Donders of

Tilburg Tilburg () is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, in the southern province of North Brabant. With a population of 222,601 (1 July 2021), it is the second-largest city or municipality in North Brabant after Eindhoven and the seventh-larg ...

North Brabant North Brabant ( nl, Noord-Brabant ; Brabantian: ; ), also unofficially called Brabant, is a province in the south of the Netherlands. It borders the provinces of South Holland and Gelderland to the north, Limburg to the east, Zeeland to the w ...

, who had quoted a lower price for the move than millwrights from Kollum. It was formerly fitted with four patent sails. The mill ceased working in 1946 when the windshaft broke and repair was deemed too expensive. A brick shed containing an electrically driven

Archimedes' screw The Archimedes screw, also known as the Archimedean screw, hydrodynamic screw, water screw or Egyptian screw, is one of the earliest hydraulic machines. Using Archimedes screws as water pumps (Archimedes screw pump (ASP) or screw pump) dates back ...

was erected next to the mill. A proposal to demolish the mill was rejected by the mayor of the

gemeente As of 24 March 2022, there are 344 municipalities ( nl, gemeenten) and three special municipalities () in the Netherlands. The latter is the status of three of the six island territories that make up the Dutch Caribbean. Municipalities are the ...

Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisland Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisland (; fy, en Nijkrúslân), officially abbreviated as Kollumerland c.a., is a municipality in the northern Netherlands, located in the province of Friesland. In 2019 it merged with the municipalities of Dongeradeel and ...

. On 30 December 1948, the mill was purchased by the gemeente. Restorations were undertaken in 1949, 1963 and 1983. since 1995, an electric motor has been installed in ''Tochmaland'' to drive its Archimedes' screw, and the installation in the brick shed demolished.

Description

''Tochmaland'' is what the Dutch describe as an ''Grondzeiler''. It is a two-storey smock mill on a single-storey base. There is no stage, the sails reaching down almost to ground level. The mill is winded by tailpole and winch. The smock and cap are

thatch Thatching is the craft of building a roof with dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge (''Cladium mariscus''), rushes, heather, or palm branches, layering the vegetation so as to shed water away from the inner roof. Since the bulk of ...

ed. The sails are Common sails. They have a span of . The sails are carried on a cast-iron ''windshaft'' which was cast by H J Koning, Foxham, Groningen, in 1912. The ''windshaft'' also carries the ''brake wheel'' which has 63 cogs. This drives the ''wallower'' (33 cogs) at the top of the ''upright shaft''. At the bottom of the ''upright shaft'' is the ''crown wheel'', which has 44 cogs drives a gearwheel with 41 cogs on the axle of the Archimedes' screw. The axle of the Archimedes' screw is diameter. The screw is diameter and long. It is inclined at 19½°. Each revolution of the screw lifts of water.

Public access

''Tochmaland'' is open on Saturday mornings from 9:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.

References

{{Dutch Windmills Windmills in Friesland Windmills completed in 1893 Smock mills in the Netherlands Windpumps in the Netherlands Rijksmonuments in Friesland Octagonal buildings in the Netherlands