The gens Titedia, also written as Titidia, or Titiedia, was an obscure
plebeian
In ancient Rome, the plebeians (also called plebs) were the general body of free Roman citizens who were not patricians, as determined by the census, or in other words " commoners". Both classes were hereditary.
Etymology
The precise origins of ...
family at
ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 B ...
. Hardly any members of this
gens
In ancient Rome, a gens ( or , ; plural: ''gentes'' ) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same Roman naming conventions#Nomen, nomen and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens was called a ''stirps'' (p ...
are mentioned by Roman writers, and only one, Titidius Labeo, held any of the higher
magistracies of the Roman state; others are known from inscriptions.
Origin
The
nomen ''Titedius'' belongs to a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ' to form nomina from
cognomina
A ''cognomen'' (; plural ''cognomina''; from ''con-'' "together with" and ''(g)nomen'' "name") was the third name of a citizen of ancient Rome, under Roman naming conventions. Initially, it was a nickname, but lost that purpose when it became here ...
ending in '. It resembles, and may be derived from the same root as the
Titia gens
The gens Titia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. The gens is rarely mentioned in the Republican period, and did not rise out of obscurity till a very late time. None of its members obtained the consulship under the Republic, and the first p ...
.
Praenomina
The main
praenomina of the Titedii were ''
Lucius'' and ''
Gaius
Gaius, sometimes spelled ''Gajus'', Kaius, Cajus, Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen).
People
*Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist
*Gaius Acilius
*Gaius Antonius
*Gaius Antonius Hybrida
*Gaius Asinius Gallus
*Gaius Asinius Pol ...
'', which happen to be the two most common praenomina at all periods of Roman history. A few of the Titedii bore other names, including ''
Gnaeus'' and ''
Quintus
Quintus is a male given name derived from '' Quintus'', a common Latin forename (''praenomen'') found in the culture of ancient Rome. Quintus derives from Latin word ''quintus'', meaning "fifth".
Quintus is an English masculine given name and ...
.
Members
* Titidia, the daughter of Titulus, made an offering, perhaps to
Diana, at
Marruvium
San Benedetto dei Marsi ( la, Marruvium, ; grc, Μαρούϊον, translit=Maroúïon) is a ''comune ''and town in the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo region of central Italy. It is on the eastern shore of the dried Lake Fucino, from the rema ...
in
Samnium
Samnium ( it, Sannio) is a Latin exonym for a region of Southern Italy anciently inhabited by the Samnites. Their own endonyms were ''Safinim'' for the country (attested in one inscription and one coin legend) and ''Safineis'' for the The lan ...
, dating from the late second or early first century BC.
* Lucius Titedius L. l. Martialis, a
freedman
A freedman or freedwoman is a formerly enslaved person who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means. Historically, enslaved people were freed by manumission (granted freedom by their captor-owners), emancipation (granted freedom a ...
, dedicated a tomb at
Supinum Vicus in Samnium, dating from the late first century BC or early first century AD, for his ''collibertus'', Lucius Titedius Primigenius.
[.]
* Lucius Titedius L. l. Primigenius, a freedman buried at Supinum Vicus, in a tomb built by his ''collibertus'' Lucius Titedius Martialis, in the late first century BC, or early first century AD.
* Gaius Titedius, the master of Jucundus, a slave buried at
Casinum
Casinum was an ancient town of Italy, of Oscan origin. Varro states that the name in Oscan language meant ''forum vetus'' ("old forum"), and also that the town itself was Samnite before the Roman conquest. Casinum was a Samnite city only befo ...
in
Latium
Latium ( , ; ) is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire.
Definition
Latium was originally a small triangle of fertile, volcanic soil (Old Latium) on whi ...
in AD 6.
* Titidius Labeo,
praetor
Praetor ( , ), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected '' magistratus'' (magistrate), assigned to discharge vario ...
and governor of
Gallia Narbonensis
Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in Southern France. It was also known as Provincia Nostra ("Our Province"), because it was the ...
during the reign of
Tiberius
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father ...
. In AD 19, his wife, Vistilia, was accused of prostituting herself. Labeo was reluctant to take action, but under pressure from the
aediles, he agreed to exile her to the island of
Seriphos in the
Cyclades. Labeo lived to an advanced age, and was fond of painting small subjects, although his contemporaries found his hobby unbecoming in a man of his rank.
* Titedius C. l. Philumena, a freedwoman buried at
Iguvium in
Umbria
it, Umbro (man) it, Umbra (woman)
, population_note =
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, ...
during the first half of the first century.
* Titidia Ɔ. l. Salvia, a freedwoman who built a sepulchre at
Paestum in
Lucania, dating from the early or middle first century, for herself and the freedwoman Titidia Sura.
[.]
* Gnaeus Titidius, the former master of Titidia Sura.
* Titidia Cn. l. Sura, a freedwoman named in a sepulchral inscription from Paestum, dating from the early or middle first century, from a tomb built by the freedwoman Titidia Salvia.
* Gaius Titedius Moderatus, named in a first-century bronze inscription from
Matrice
Matrice is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about northeast of Campobasso. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,081 and an area of .All demographics and other statistics: ...
in
Hispania Citerior
Hispania Citerior (English: "Hither Iberia", or "Nearer Iberia") was a Roman province in Hispania during the Roman Republic. It was on the eastern coast of Iberia down to the town of Cartago Nova, today's Cartagena in the autonomous community of ...
.
* Gaius Titedius Tyrannus, dedicated a first-century tomb at
Vicus Fificulanus for his wife, Titedia Prima.
* Titedia Ɔ. l. Prima, a freedwoman buried in a first-century tomb built by Gaius Titedius Tyrannus, Vicus Fificulanus.
* Gaius Titedius, one of the municipal
quattuorviri
The duumviri (Latin for "two men"), originally duoviri and also known in English as the duumvirs, were any of various joint magistrates of ancient Rome. Such pairs of magistrates were appointed at various periods of Roman history both in Rome its ...
at
Aquinum in Latium in AD 74.
* Titedia Venusta, the wife of Optatus, and mother of Asteris, a young woman buried at Rome, aged seventeen years, three months, and eleven days, between the middle of the first century and the end of the second.
* Lucius Titedius Valentinus, one of the
Seviri Augustales
The Sodales or Sacerdotes Augustales (''singular'' Sodalis or Sacerdos Augustalis), or simply Augustales,Tacitus, ''Annales'' 1.54 were an order ('' sodalitas'') of Roman priests originally instituted by Tiberius to attend to the maintenance of t ...
, and the husband of Titedia Venusta, was the father of Titedia Fucentia and Lucius Titedius Valentinus, buried at
Alba Fucens in Samnium during the first half of the second century.
[.]
* Titedia Venusta, the wife of Lucius Titedius Valentinus, and mother of Titedia Venusta and Lucius Titedia Valentinus, a young man buried at Alba Fucens during the first half of the second century.
* Titedia L. f. Fucentia, the daughter of Lucius Titedius Valentinus and Titedia Venusta, and brother of Lucius Titedius Venustus, a young man buried at Alba Fucens during the first half of the second century.
* Lucius Titedius L. f. Valentinus, a young man buried at Alba Fucens, aged twenty-two, with a monument from his parents, Lucius Titedius Valentinus and Titedia Venusta. His sister was Titedia Fucentia.
* Titedia Apicula, honored by a second-century inscription from
Velitrae
Velletri (; la, Velitrae; xvo, Velester) is an Italian ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Rome, approximately 40 km to the southeast of the city centre, located in the Alban Hills, in the region of Lazio, central Italy. Neighbouring comm ...
in Latium, dedicated by her son, Colpus, and niece, Themis.
* Titiedius Augurius, a youth buried at Alba Fucens, aged fourteen years, eleven months, and eight days, in a second-century tomb built by Quintus Gargilius.
* Titiedius Flaccus, a
military tribune in the
Legio X Gemina, and one of the
quattuorviri
The duumviri (Latin for "two men"), originally duoviri and also known in English as the duumvirs, were any of various joint magistrates of ancient Rome. Such pairs of magistrates were appointed at various periods of Roman history both in Rome its ...
, buried in a second-century tomb at
Carsioli Carsoli (Marsicano: ') is a town and ''comune'' in the province of L'Aquila, Abruzzo (central Italy). The ancient Roman city lies southwest of the modern town.
History
The ancient city, known as ''Carsioli'' (or ''Carseoli''), was founded in the ...
in Samnium.
* Titidius Maximus, a
centurion
A centurion (; la, centurio , . la, centuriones, label=none; grc-gre, κεντυρίων, kentyríōn, or ) was a position in the Roman army during classical antiquity, nominally the commander of a century (), a military unit of around 80 ...
in the fourth
cohort
Cohort or cohortes may refer to:
* Cohort (educational group), a group of students working together through the same academic curriculum
* Cohort (floating point), a set of different encodings of the same numerical value
* Cohort (military unit), ...
of the
Legio II Traiana Fortis, stationed at Nicopolis in
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
in AD 157.
* Titiedia Faustina, named in a dedicatory inscription from Alba Fucens, dating from AD 168.
* Lucius Titedius L. f. Proculinus, the father of Lucius Titedius Proculus, and at least one other child, who dedicated a statue in their memory at
Tusculum
Tusculum is a ruined Roman city in the Alban Hills, in the Latium region of Italy. Tusculum was most famous in Roman times for the many great and luxurious patrician country villas sited close to the city, yet a comfortable distance from Rome ( ...
in AD 196.
[.]
* Lucius Titedius L. f. L. n. Proculus, the son of Lucius Titedius Proculinus, with whom he was honoured with a statue placed by a sibling at Tusculum in AD 196.
* Lucius Titiedius Flaccus Petronianus, named in a sepulchral inscription from Rome, dating from the latter half of the third century.
[.]
* Lucius Titiedius L. f. Flaccus, a little boy buried at Rome, aged four years and four days, in a tomb dating from the latter half of the third century. He might be the same person as Lucius Titiedius Petronianus, named earlier in the same inscription.
* Titidia Felicitas, buried at Rome, aged seventy, in a tomb built by her sons, Petronius Proclus and Petronius Proclianus, dating from the first half of the fourth century.
Undated Titidii
* Lucius Titiedius, named in an inscription from Carsioli.
* Titedius Agathopus, buried at Rome in a tomb built by Titedia Felicula, either his mother or his wife.
[.]
* Lucius Titiedius Alcimus, a potter whose maker's mark was found on pottery from
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
.
* Titedia Felicula, built a tomb at Rome for her husband and son, one of whom was Titedius Agathopus.
* Lucius Titedius Fortunatianus, buried at Rome, aged thirty-five years, two months, six days, and thirteen hours, in a tomb built by his wife, Titedia Memmia, and kinsman, Titedius Titianus.
[.]
* Gaius Titedius Fuscus, buried at
Lambaesis
Lambaesis (Lambæsis), Lambaisis or Lambaesa (''Lambèse'' in colonial French), is a Roman archaeological site in Algeria, southeast of Batna and west of Timgad, located next to the modern village of Tazoult. The former bishopric is also a La ...
in
Numidia
Numidia ( Berber: ''Inumiden''; 202–40 BC) was the ancient kingdom of the Numidians located in northwest Africa, initially comprising the territory that now makes up modern-day Algeria, but later expanding across what is today known as Tunis ...
.
* Lucius Titidius L. f. Maximus, buried in a family sepulchre at
Parentium in
Venetia and Histria, built by his mother, the freedwoman Septimia Myrtis, for herself, her son, and her husband, Lucius Titidius Olympus.
[.]
* Titedia Memmia, the wife of Lucius Titedius Fortunatianus, for whom she built a tomb at Rome, along with her husband's kinsman, Titedius Titianus.
* Lucius Titidius Olympus, buried at Parentium, in a family sepulchre built by his wife, the freedwoman Septimia Myrtis, for herself, her husband, and their son, Lucius Titidius Maximus.
* Lucius Titiedius L. l. Philodamus, a freedman named along with several other freedmen from various gentes in a sepulchral inscription from Rome.
* Titiedia Plias, buried at Rome, in a tomb dedicated by her husband, Titius Valerianus.
* Titedius Potamus, named in an inscription from
Narbo
Narbonne (, also , ; oc, Narbona ; la, Narbo ; Late Latin:) is a commune in Southern France in the Occitanie region. It lies from Paris in the Aude department, of which it is a sub-prefecture. It is located about from the shores of the Med ...
in Gallia Narbonensis.
* Quintus Titedius Q. f. Secundus, buried at
Civitas Popthensis in Numidia, aged sixty-eight.
* Titedius Titianus, a kinsman of Lucius Titedius Fortunatianus, for whom he built a tomb at Rome, along with Fortunatianus' wife, Titedia Memmia.
* Titiedia L. l. Venusta, a freedwoman buried at
Firmum Picenum, in a tomb built by her husband, Allidius Claudius.
[.]
Notes
See also
*
List of Roman gentes
References
{{reflist
Bibliography
* Gaius Plinius Secundus (
Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/2479), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic '' ...
), ''
Historia Naturalis'' (Natural History).
*
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, ''
Annales''.
* ''
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
The ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'' (1849, originally published 1844 under a slightly different title) is an encyclopedia/biographical dictionary. Edited by William Smith, the dictionary spans three volumes and 3,700 p ...
'',
William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849).
*
Theodor Mommsen
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (; 30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest classicists of the 19th cent ...
''et alii'', ''
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
The ''Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum'' (''CIL'') is a comprehensive collection of ancient Latin inscriptions. It forms an authoritative source for documenting the surviving epigraphy of classical antiquity. Public and personal inscriptions throw ...
'' (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated ''CIL''), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present).
*
Giovanni Battista de Rossi
Giovanni Battista (Carlo) de Rossi (23 February 1822 – 20 September 1894) was an Italian archaeologist, famous even outside his field for rediscovering early Christian catacombs.
Life and works
Born in Rome, he was the son of Commendatore Cam ...
, ''Inscriptiones Christianae Urbis Romanae Septimo Saeculo Antiquiores'' (Christian Inscriptions from Rome of the First Seven Centuries, abbreviated ''ICUR''), Vatican Library, Rome (1857–1861, 1888).
* ''Bulletin Archéologique du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques'' (Archaeological Bulletin of the Committee on Historic and Scientific Works, abbreviated ''BCTH''), Imprimerie Nationale, Paris (1885–1973).
* René Cagnat ''et alii'', ''
L'Année épigraphique'' (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated ''AE''), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present).
*
Paul von Rohden
Paul von Rohden (12 December 1862, Barmen – 28 February 1939, Pieterlen) was a German-Swiss schoolteacher and historian known for his research in the field of prosopography. He was the son of theologian Ludwig von Rohden (1815–1889) and the bro ...
,
Elimar Klebs
Elimar Klebs (15 October 1852 – 16 May 1918) was a German historian of ancient history. He was the brother of botanist Georg Klebs.
Biography
Klebs was born in Braunsberg (Braniewo), Prussia. He studied in Berlin under Theodor Mommsen a ...
, &
Hermann Dessau
Hermann Dessau (6 April 1856, Frankfurt am Main – 12 April 1931, Berlin) was a German ancient historian and epigrapher. He is noted for a key work of textual criticism published in 1889 on the ''Historia Augusta'', which uncovered reasons to ...
, ''
Prosopographia Imperii Romani
The ', abbreviated ''PIR'', is a collective historical work to establish the prosopography of high-profile people from the Roman empire. The time period covered extends from the Battle of Actium in 31 BC to the reign of Diocletian. The final volum ...
'' (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated ''PIR''), Berlin (1898).
* Stéphane Gsell, ''Inscriptions Latines de L'Algérie'' (Latin Inscriptions from Algeria), Edouard Champion, Paris (1922–present).
* Antonio Ferrua, ''Antiche Inscrizione Inedite di Roma'' (Unedited Ancient Inscriptions from Rome, 1939–1980).
Roman gentes