Wadi al-Far'a ( ar, وادي الفارعه) or Tirzah Stream ( he, נַחַל תִּרְצָה, Nahal Tirzah) is a stream in the northern West Bank that empties into the

Jordan River The Jordan River or River Jordan ( ar, نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ, ''Nahr al-ʾUrdunn'', he, נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן, ''Nəhar hayYardēn''; syc, ܢܗܪܐ ܕܝܘܪܕܢܢ ''Nahrāʾ Yurdnan''), also known as ''Nahr Al-Shariea ...

south of

Damia Bridge Jisr ed-Damiye ( ar, جسر الدامية , Jisr ed-Damieh, Bridge of ed-Damieh), known in English as Damiyah Bridge, as Prince Muhammad Bridge in Jordan, and as Gesher Adam ( he, גשר אדם, , Adam Bridge) in Israel, stretches over the Jordan ...

. It is the largest stream in the West Bank. Wadi al-Far'a is located in the rugged area of the West Bank and cuts east through the Jordan Valley, passing through the Palestinian village of Wadi al-Far'a. The Tirzah Reservoir is used to collect the floodwater of Wadi al-Far'a before it flows into the Jordan River.

Name spelling

The Arabic name of Wadi al-Far'a is transliterated in Roman script in many ways. The definite article can be written as ''al''-, ''el''-, without hyphen, or it can be left out altogether. The name of the wadi can be spelled Far'a, Fa'ra, Far'ah, Fa'rah, Farah, Fari'a, or Fari'ah. With diacritics it is Wādī al-Fāri`ah. The Hebrew name also has a variety of transliterations to Roman script. The word for valley or stream: ''Nahal'' or ''Nachal''. The main part of the name: Tirza, Tirzah, Tirtza and Tirtsa.

In ancient sources

Josephus names a place of crossing near the confluence of the watercourse '' Naḥal Yabok'' with the

, not far from Wadi al-Far'a, known in classical antiquity as ''Coreae'' ( gr, Κορέας), and where is now the "Old Roman Bridge" ( Arabic: ''Mukatta' Damieh''), which once marked, in Josephus' words, "the first entrance into Judea when one passes over the midland countries." The site is listed in the 6th century Madaba map, and whose location agrees with the modern identification of ''Tell el-Mazar''.

Bypassing Pella and Scythopolis he came to ''Coreae'', where travelers from the interior cross into Judaea.

Archaeology

Heavy Neolithic sites

The village of Wadi al-Far'a is close to a number of Heavy Neolithic archaeological sites of the Qaraoun culture. Three such sites were discovered there by Francis Turville-Petre between 1925 and 1926. These are Wadi Farah,

Shemouniyeh Shemouniyeh is a Heavy Neolithic archaeological site of the Qaraoun culture in the Palestinian Tubas Governorate in the northeastern West Bank, located five kilometers southwest of Tubas. It is located on a plateau over the north of the Wadi Fa'r ...

, and an occupational site at

Wadi Sallah Wadi Sallah is a branch of the Wadi Fa'rah where a small cave is located in the Palestinian Tubas Governorate in the northeastern West Bank, located five kilometers southwest of Tubas. The cave was discovered and excavated by Francis Turville-Pet ...

. The site at Wadi Farah was identified as a flint factory on a high terrace at the meeting point with the Wadi Salhah. Large numbers of massive flint tools and debris were found and linked to this little known culture. Tools found included picks, adzes, borers and flake scrapers.

Tell el-Far'ah (North)

An archaeological mound situated near the village of Wadi al-Far'a, Tell el-Far'ah (North), has been identified as the location of Hebrew Bible, biblical Tirzah (ancient city), Tirzah. The tell has occupation layers from the Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. It is called Tell el-Far'ah (North) in order to distinguish it from Tell el-Far'ah (South), an archaeological site south of Gaza City, Gaza.

References

Bibliography

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External links

*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 15
IAAWikimedia commons
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fara, Wadi Rivers of the State of Palestine Rivers of the West Bank Neolithic settlements Neolithic Heavy Neolithic sites Archaeological sites in the West Bank Tributaries of the Jordan River